Box-Tree
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BOX-TREE (teashshûr, Isa_41:19; Isa_60:13, Eze_27:6).Whether the teashshûr was the box-tree (Buxus longifolia) or the sherbin, mod. Arab. [Note: Arabic.] for the cypress (Cupressus sempervirens), as RV [Note: Revised Version.] adopts, or, as others propose, a kind of juniper, is quite unsettled. So good an authority as Post rejects the first as improbable.
E. W. G. Masterman.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
box?trē (תּאשׁוּר, te'ashshūr; Isa_41:19; Isa_60:13, ?boxwood? Eze_27:6): A tree of uncertain identity, which must once have been common in the forests of Lebanon. According to Post (HDB, I, 313), ?The only species of box found in Bible lands is Buxus longifolia, which is a shrub from 2 to 3 ft. high. It does not grow South of Mt. Cassius and it is unlikely that it did in historical times.?
As an alternative to the box the cypress, Cupressus sempervirens - known in Arabic as Sherbı̄n - has been suggested. It is a fine tree and was probably once plentiful, but as it seems to answer to the berosh (see FIR), it cannot well be the te'ashshūř. There is nothing certain to go upon.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Box-tree (Isa_60:13; Isa_41:19). It is not very certain that the box-tree is really denoted by the Hebrew and so translated: but nothing more probable has been suggested, and it agrees well enough with the indications afforded by the texts in which the name occurs.
The box is a native of most parts of Europe. It grows well in England, as at Boxhill, etc. while that from the Levant is most valued in commerce, in consequence of its being highly esteemed by wood-engravers. Turkey box is yielded by Buxus Balearica, a species which is found in Minorca, Sardinia, and Corsica, and also in both European and Asiatic Turkey, and is imported from Constantinople, Smyrna, and the Black Sea. Box is also found on Mount Caucasus, and a species extends even to the Himalaya Mountains. It is much employed in the present day by the wood-engraver, the turner, carver, mathematical instrument maker, and the comb and flute maker.
The box-tree, being a native of mountainous regions, was peculiarly adapted to the calcareous formations of Mount Lebanon, and therefore likely to be brought from thence with the coniferous woods for the building of the temple, and was as well suited as the fir and the pine trees for changing the face of the desert.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Box-Tree
represents, in the Auth. Vers., the Heb. תְּאִשּׁוּר, teihsshur', which occurs in three places in Scripture, but great uncertainty has always existed respecting its true meaning (Celsius, Hierobot. ii, 153). The old versions and interpreters express it variously by that of the cedar, poplar, and fir; the Vulgate (so buxus in 2 [4] Esd. 14:24), the Chaldee paraphrase (אשׁכרועין; see Maimon. ad Chelim, 12:8; Bartenora ad Negaim, ii, 1), and several Hebrew commentators, render it by box-tree, which view our translators have adopted.
There is no philological proof of this conclusion, but yet there is nothing in the tree indicated unsuitable to the several contexts. Thus, with reference to the future Temple, it is said (Isa_60:13), "The glory of Lebanon shall come unto thee, the fir-tree, the pinetree, and the box (Sept. κέδρος) together;" and at Isa_41:19, "I will set in the desert the fir-tree, and the pine, and the box (Sept. confounds with several interpolated kinds) together." Further, in Eze_27:6, in the account of the arts and commerce of Tyre, we read' "Of the oaks of Bashan have they made thine oars, and the benches of the rowers are made of ashur-wood (אֲשׁוּר ashur'; Sept. translates unintelligibly; Engl. Vers. "Ashurites" [q.v.]), inlaid with ivory," as it is now usually interpreted. The ashur-wood, moreover, is said to have been brought from the isles of Chittim, that is, of Greece. According to most, however, who argue from the derivation of the word (from אשִׁר, ashar', to be erect), the teishshur is a species of cedar called sherbin (so the Syriac), to be recognised by the small size of the cones and the upward tendency of the branches (see Niebuhr's Arab. p. 149). Robinson, in his latest volume of Researches in Palestine, mentions a grove near el-Hadith which only the natives speak of as Arez (Heb. אֶרֶז, erez, cedar), though the tree bears a general resemblance to the cedar, and is probably the sherbin (see Celsii Hierob. i, 74, 79; Freytag, Lex. ii, 408; Robinson, 3:593). SEE CEDAR.
The box (Buxus semperirens) is an evergreen, which in our gardens is generally seen only as a dwarf shrub. In the East, however, its native country, it attains the size of a forest-tree, and often forms a very beautiful feature in the landscape. It is a native of most parts of Europe. It grows well in moderate climates, while that from the Levant is most valued in commerce, in consequence of being highly esteemed by wood-engravers. Turkey box is yielded by Buxus Balearica, a species which is found in Minorca, Sardinia, and Corsica, and also in both European and Asiatic Turkey, and is imported from Constantinople, Smyrna, and the Black Sea. Box is also found on Mount Caucasus, and a species extends even to the Himalaya Mountains. Hence it is well known to Asiatics, and is the shumshad of the Arabs. It is much employed in the present day by the wood-engraver, the turner, carver, mathematical instrument-maker, and the comb and flute maker. It was cultivated by the Romans, as described by Pliny (xvi, 33). Virgil (En., 10:135) alludes to the practice of its being inlaid with ivory (comp. Theocrit. 24:108; Athen. v, 207; Pliny, 16:66; Virg. Georg. ii, 449; Juv. 14:194). The box-tree, being a native of mountainous regions, was peculiarly adapted to the calcareous formations of Mount Lebanon, and therefore likely to be brought from thence with the coniferous woods for the building of the Temple, and was as well suited as the fir and the pine trees for changing the face of the desert (see Penny Cyclopcedia, s.v. Btxus). SEE BOTANY.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
E. W. G. Masterman.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
box?trē (תּאשׁוּר, te'ashshūr; Isa_41:19; Isa_60:13, ?boxwood? Eze_27:6): A tree of uncertain identity, which must once have been common in the forests of Lebanon. According to Post (HDB, I, 313), ?The only species of box found in Bible lands is Buxus longifolia, which is a shrub from 2 to 3 ft. high. It does not grow South of Mt. Cassius and it is unlikely that it did in historical times.?
As an alternative to the box the cypress, Cupressus sempervirens - known in Arabic as Sherbı̄n - has been suggested. It is a fine tree and was probably once plentiful, but as it seems to answer to the berosh (see FIR), it cannot well be the te'ashshūř. There is nothing certain to go upon.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Box-tree (Isa_60:13; Isa_41:19). It is not very certain that the box-tree is really denoted by the Hebrew and so translated: but nothing more probable has been suggested, and it agrees well enough with the indications afforded by the texts in which the name occurs.
The box is a native of most parts of Europe. It grows well in England, as at Boxhill, etc. while that from the Levant is most valued in commerce, in consequence of its being highly esteemed by wood-engravers. Turkey box is yielded by Buxus Balearica, a species which is found in Minorca, Sardinia, and Corsica, and also in both European and Asiatic Turkey, and is imported from Constantinople, Smyrna, and the Black Sea. Box is also found on Mount Caucasus, and a species extends even to the Himalaya Mountains. It is much employed in the present day by the wood-engraver, the turner, carver, mathematical instrument maker, and the comb and flute maker.
The box-tree, being a native of mountainous regions, was peculiarly adapted to the calcareous formations of Mount Lebanon, and therefore likely to be brought from thence with the coniferous woods for the building of the temple, and was as well suited as the fir and the pine trees for changing the face of the desert.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Box-Tree
represents, in the Auth. Vers., the Heb. תְּאִשּׁוּר, teihsshur', which occurs in three places in Scripture, but great uncertainty has always existed respecting its true meaning (Celsius, Hierobot. ii, 153). The old versions and interpreters express it variously by that of the cedar, poplar, and fir; the Vulgate (so buxus in 2 [4] Esd. 14:24), the Chaldee paraphrase (אשׁכרועין; see Maimon. ad Chelim, 12:8; Bartenora ad Negaim, ii, 1), and several Hebrew commentators, render it by box-tree, which view our translators have adopted.
There is no philological proof of this conclusion, but yet there is nothing in the tree indicated unsuitable to the several contexts. Thus, with reference to the future Temple, it is said (Isa_60:13), "The glory of Lebanon shall come unto thee, the fir-tree, the pinetree, and the box (Sept. κέδρος) together;" and at Isa_41:19, "I will set in the desert the fir-tree, and the pine, and the box (Sept. confounds with several interpolated kinds) together." Further, in Eze_27:6, in the account of the arts and commerce of Tyre, we read' "Of the oaks of Bashan have they made thine oars, and the benches of the rowers are made of ashur-wood (אֲשׁוּר ashur'; Sept. translates unintelligibly; Engl. Vers. "Ashurites" [q.v.]), inlaid with ivory," as it is now usually interpreted. The ashur-wood, moreover, is said to have been brought from the isles of Chittim, that is, of Greece. According to most, however, who argue from the derivation of the word (from אשִׁר, ashar', to be erect), the teishshur is a species of cedar called sherbin (so the Syriac), to be recognised by the small size of the cones and the upward tendency of the branches (see Niebuhr's Arab. p. 149). Robinson, in his latest volume of Researches in Palestine, mentions a grove near el-Hadith which only the natives speak of as Arez (Heb. אֶרֶז, erez, cedar), though the tree bears a general resemblance to the cedar, and is probably the sherbin (see Celsii Hierob. i, 74, 79; Freytag, Lex. ii, 408; Robinson, 3:593). SEE CEDAR.
The box (Buxus semperirens) is an evergreen, which in our gardens is generally seen only as a dwarf shrub. In the East, however, its native country, it attains the size of a forest-tree, and often forms a very beautiful feature in the landscape. It is a native of most parts of Europe. It grows well in moderate climates, while that from the Levant is most valued in commerce, in consequence of being highly esteemed by wood-engravers. Turkey box is yielded by Buxus Balearica, a species which is found in Minorca, Sardinia, and Corsica, and also in both European and Asiatic Turkey, and is imported from Constantinople, Smyrna, and the Black Sea. Box is also found on Mount Caucasus, and a species extends even to the Himalaya Mountains. Hence it is well known to Asiatics, and is the shumshad of the Arabs. It is much employed in the present day by the wood-engraver, the turner, carver, mathematical instrument-maker, and the comb and flute maker. It was cultivated by the Romans, as described by Pliny (xvi, 33). Virgil (En., 10:135) alludes to the practice of its being inlaid with ivory (comp. Theocrit. 24:108; Athen. v, 207; Pliny, 16:66; Virg. Georg. ii, 449; Juv. 14:194). The box-tree, being a native of mountainous regions, was peculiarly adapted to the calcareous formations of Mount Lebanon, and therefore likely to be brought from thence with the coniferous woods for the building of the Temple, and was as well suited as the fir and the pine trees for changing the face of the desert (see Penny Cyclopcedia, s.v. Btxus). SEE BOTANY.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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