Cat
VIEW:46 DATA:01-04-2020
CAT.This animal is mentioned only in the Apocr. [Note: Apocrypha, Apocryphal.] (Ep. Jer v. 22 [Gr. 21]). There are two species of wild cat in the Holy Land.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
(αἴλουρος, aı́louros): The only mention of this animal is in Baruch 6:22. It is not mentioned in the canonical Scriptures, though Bochart (Hieroz., 862) gives ?wild cats? as the equivalent of cı̄yı̄m in Isa_13:21; Isa_34:14; Jer_50:39; Psa_74:19, where English Versions of the Bible gives ?wild beasts of the desert.? Mention is, however, made of cats, cathod, in the Welsh Bible (lsa Psa_34:14). The only mention of the catta in classical Latin writers is in Martial xiii.69. How the cat was regarded in Egypt is described in Herod. ii.66 and Rawlinson's notes. In Baruch 6:22 cats are mentioned with ?bats, swallows and birds? as sitting with impunity on the images of the heathen gods which are unable to drive them off. See also ZOOLOGY.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Fig. 119?Egyptian drawings of cats
It might be assumed that the cat was an useful, if not a necessary, domestic animal to the Hebrew people in Palestine, where corn was grown for exportation, as well as for consumption of the resident population, twenty or thirty-fold more than at present, and where, moreover, the conditions of the climate required the precaution of a plentiful store being kept in reserve to meet the chances of scarcity. The animal could not be unknown to the people, for their ancestors had witnessed the Egyptians treating it as a divinity. Yet we find the cat nowhere mentioned in the canonical books as a domestic animal. And in Baruch it is noticed only as a tenant of Pagan temples, where no doubt the fragments of sacrificed animals and vegetables attracted vermin, and rendered the presence of cats necessary. This singular circumstance, perhaps, resulted from the animal being deemed unclean, and being thereby excluded domestic familiarity, though the Hebrews may still have encouraged it, in common with other vermin-hunters, about the outhouses and farms, and corn-stores, at the risk of some loss among the broods of pigeons which, in Palestine, were a substitute for poultry.
With regard to the neighboring nations just named, they all had domestic cats, it is presumed, derived from a wild species found in Nubia, and first described by Ruppel under the name of Felis Maniculata. The typical animal is smaller, more slender, and more delicately limbed than the European. The fur is pale yellowish grey, with some dark streaks across the paws, and at the tip of the tail. In the domesticated state it varies in colors and markings, for the ancient monuments of Egypt contain many painted figures, which show them cross-barred like our wild species in Europe. Two specimens are here given from these paintings; one clearly a cat; the other, which is not apparently a cat but a species of gennet or paradoxurus, is, in the original, figured as catching birds, acting like a retriever for his master, who is fowling in a boat.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Cat
(αἴλουρος, so called, according to Phavorinus, from moving its tail), an animal mentioned only in Bar_6:22, as among those which defile the gods of the heathen with impunity (see below). They are alluded to, however, in the Targum (at Isa_13:22; Hos_9:6) under the name chathul´ חָתוּל, Arabic chaytal. Martial (13:69) makes the only mention of catta in classical writers. Bochart (Hieroz. 2:206 sq.) thinks that by the word צִיִּים, tsiyin´, in Isa_13:21; Isa_34:14; Jeremiah 1, 39, and Psa_74:14, some species of cats are meant; but this is very doubtful (Michaelis, Suppl. p. 2086). SEE BEAST.
The Greek αἰλουρος, as used by Aristotle, has more particular reference to the wild cat (Felis catus, etc.). Herodotus (2:66) uses αἴλουρος to denote the domestic animal; similarly, Cicero (Tusc. v. 27, 78) employs felis; but both Greek and Latin words are used to denote other animals, apparently some kinds of marten (Martes). The context of the passage in Baruch appears to point to the domesticated animal. Perhaps the people of Babylon originally procured the cat from Egypt, where it was a capital offense to kill one (Diod. Sic. 1:83). Smith, s.v. SEE ANIMAL WORSHIP. The Egyptians treated it as a divinity, under the denomination of Pasht, the Lunar Goddess, or Diana, holding every domesticated individual sacred, embalming it after death, and often sending it for interment to Bubastis (see Jablonski, Panth. E1g. 2:66). Yet we find the cat nowhere mentioned in the canonical books as a domestic animal. In Baruch it is noticed only as a tenant of pagan temples, where, no doubt, the fragments of sacrificed animals and vegetables attracted vermin, and rendered the presence of cats necessary. With regard to the neighboring nations, they all had domestic cats, derived, it is presumed, from a wild species found in Nubia, and first described by Ruppel under the name of Felis maniculata. Two specimens are here given from these panlings: one clearly a cat; the other, in the original, wured as catching birds, acting like a retriever for his master, who is fowling in a boat (Wilkinson, Anc. Eg. abridgm. 1:236, 237). It is not apparently a cat, but a species of gennet or paradoxurus, one of the genera before hinted at. Both are nearly allied to the celebrated ichneumon, the herpestes of authors, the modern nems, which is even now occasionally domesticated; it differs in manners, for the herpestes pharaonis does not frequent the uplands, but willingly takes the water. SEE EGYPT.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
(αἴλουρος, aı́louros): The only mention of this animal is in Baruch 6:22. It is not mentioned in the canonical Scriptures, though Bochart (Hieroz., 862) gives ?wild cats? as the equivalent of cı̄yı̄m in Isa_13:21; Isa_34:14; Jer_50:39; Psa_74:19, where English Versions of the Bible gives ?wild beasts of the desert.? Mention is, however, made of cats, cathod, in the Welsh Bible (lsa Psa_34:14). The only mention of the catta in classical Latin writers is in Martial xiii.69. How the cat was regarded in Egypt is described in Herod. ii.66 and Rawlinson's notes. In Baruch 6:22 cats are mentioned with ?bats, swallows and birds? as sitting with impunity on the images of the heathen gods which are unable to drive them off. See also ZOOLOGY.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Fig. 119?Egyptian drawings of cats
It might be assumed that the cat was an useful, if not a necessary, domestic animal to the Hebrew people in Palestine, where corn was grown for exportation, as well as for consumption of the resident population, twenty or thirty-fold more than at present, and where, moreover, the conditions of the climate required the precaution of a plentiful store being kept in reserve to meet the chances of scarcity. The animal could not be unknown to the people, for their ancestors had witnessed the Egyptians treating it as a divinity. Yet we find the cat nowhere mentioned in the canonical books as a domestic animal. And in Baruch it is noticed only as a tenant of Pagan temples, where no doubt the fragments of sacrificed animals and vegetables attracted vermin, and rendered the presence of cats necessary. This singular circumstance, perhaps, resulted from the animal being deemed unclean, and being thereby excluded domestic familiarity, though the Hebrews may still have encouraged it, in common with other vermin-hunters, about the outhouses and farms, and corn-stores, at the risk of some loss among the broods of pigeons which, in Palestine, were a substitute for poultry.
With regard to the neighboring nations just named, they all had domestic cats, it is presumed, derived from a wild species found in Nubia, and first described by Ruppel under the name of Felis Maniculata. The typical animal is smaller, more slender, and more delicately limbed than the European. The fur is pale yellowish grey, with some dark streaks across the paws, and at the tip of the tail. In the domesticated state it varies in colors and markings, for the ancient monuments of Egypt contain many painted figures, which show them cross-barred like our wild species in Europe. Two specimens are here given from these paintings; one clearly a cat; the other, which is not apparently a cat but a species of gennet or paradoxurus, is, in the original, figured as catching birds, acting like a retriever for his master, who is fowling in a boat.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Cat
(αἴλουρος, so called, according to Phavorinus, from moving its tail), an animal mentioned only in Bar_6:22, as among those which defile the gods of the heathen with impunity (see below). They are alluded to, however, in the Targum (at Isa_13:22; Hos_9:6) under the name chathul´ חָתוּל, Arabic chaytal. Martial (13:69) makes the only mention of catta in classical writers. Bochart (Hieroz. 2:206 sq.) thinks that by the word צִיִּים, tsiyin´, in Isa_13:21; Isa_34:14; Jeremiah 1, 39, and Psa_74:14, some species of cats are meant; but this is very doubtful (Michaelis, Suppl. p. 2086). SEE BEAST.
The Greek αἰλουρος, as used by Aristotle, has more particular reference to the wild cat (Felis catus, etc.). Herodotus (2:66) uses αἴλουρος to denote the domestic animal; similarly, Cicero (Tusc. v. 27, 78) employs felis; but both Greek and Latin words are used to denote other animals, apparently some kinds of marten (Martes). The context of the passage in Baruch appears to point to the domesticated animal. Perhaps the people of Babylon originally procured the cat from Egypt, where it was a capital offense to kill one (Diod. Sic. 1:83). Smith, s.v. SEE ANIMAL WORSHIP. The Egyptians treated it as a divinity, under the denomination of Pasht, the Lunar Goddess, or Diana, holding every domesticated individual sacred, embalming it after death, and often sending it for interment to Bubastis (see Jablonski, Panth. E1g. 2:66). Yet we find the cat nowhere mentioned in the canonical books as a domestic animal. In Baruch it is noticed only as a tenant of pagan temples, where, no doubt, the fragments of sacrificed animals and vegetables attracted vermin, and rendered the presence of cats necessary. With regard to the neighboring nations, they all had domestic cats, derived, it is presumed, from a wild species found in Nubia, and first described by Ruppel under the name of Felis maniculata. Two specimens are here given from these panlings: one clearly a cat; the other, in the original, wured as catching birds, acting like a retriever for his master, who is fowling in a boat (Wilkinson, Anc. Eg. abridgm. 1:236, 237). It is not apparently a cat, but a species of gennet or paradoxurus, one of the genera before hinted at. Both are nearly allied to the celebrated ichneumon, the herpestes of authors, the modern nems, which is even now occasionally domesticated; it differs in manners, for the herpestes pharaonis does not frequent the uplands, but willingly takes the water. SEE EGYPT.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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