Common

VIEW:40 DATA:01-04-2020
COMMON.—In Act_10:14 f. synonymous with ‘ceremonially unclean’ (cf. Mar_7:2, and see Clean and Unclean).
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909


kom?un: κοινός, koinós, in the classics, and primarily in the New Testament, means what is public, general, universal, as contrasted with ἴδιος, ı́dios, what is peculiar, individual, not shared with others. Thus, ?common faith? (Tit_1:4), ?common salvation? (Jud_1:3), refer to that in which the experience of all Christians unites and is identical: ?common,? because there is but one faith and one salvation (Eph_4:4-6). From this comes the derived meaning of what is ordinary and, therefore, to be disesteemed, as contrasted with what pertains to a class, and to be prized, because rare. This naturally coincides with Old Testament exclusivism, particularity and separation. Its religion was that of a separated people, with a separated class as its ministers, and with minute directions as to distinctions of meat, drink, times, places, rites, vessels, etc. Whatever was common or ordinary, it avoided. The New Testament, on the other hand, with its universalism of scope, and its spirituality of sphere, rose above all such externals. The salvation which it brought was directed to the redemption of Nature, as well as of man, sanctifying the creature, and pervading all parts of man's being and all relations of life. The antithesis is forcibly illustrated in Act_10:14 f, where Peter says: ?I have never eaten anything that is common and unclean,? and the reply is: ?What God hath cleansed, make not thou common.?

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.


The Greek term properly signifies what belongs to all (as in Wis_7:3), but the Hellenists applied it to what was profane, i.e. not holy, and therefore of common or promiscuous use (Act_10:14). They also applied the term to what was impure, whether naturally or legally (as in Mar_7:2, compared with 1Ma_1:47; 1Ma_1:62). And, finally, it was used of meats forbidden, or such as had been partaken of by idolaters, and which, as they rendered the partakers thereof impure, were themselves called common and unclean.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.


Common
(κοινός). The Greek term properly signifies what belongs to all (as in Wisdom of Solomon 6:3, κοινὸς ἀήρ), but the Hellenists applied it (like the Hebrew הֹל) to what was profane, i.e. not holy, and therefore of common or promiscuous use (Act_10:14). They also applied the term to what was inpure, whether naturally or legally (as in Mar_7:2, compared with 1Ma_1:47; 1Ma_1:62). Finally, it was used of meats forbidden, or such as had been partaken of by idolaters, and which, as they rendered the partakers thereof impure, were themselves called κοινά (common), and ἀκάθαρτα (unclean) (see Kuinil on Act_10:14). SEE CLEAN.

CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.





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