Courage
VIEW:48 DATA:01-04-2020
COURAGE.In Dan_11:25 courage is the rendering of the Heb. word for heart; in Amo_2:16 courageous is literally stoutest of heart. Elsewhere in the OT the root-ideas of the words generally used are to be firm (âmçts) and to be strong (châzaq). Courage, being a quality of mind, has manifold manifestations, as, e.g. in the sufferers endurance, the reformers boldness, and the saints wrestling (Eph_6:12), as well as in the soldiers valour. Professor Sorley says that moral courage is the control of the fear of social evils (disgrace or ridicule from those who determine the opinion of the community), whereas the ordinary application of courage is to the fear of physical evils (Baldwin, Dict. of Philosophy, i. 239).
In the NT the Gr. noun for courage is found only in Act_28:15. The corresponding verb is rendered uniformly in the RV [Note: Revised Version.] be of good cheer; but a later form of the same verb occurs six times, and is tr. [Note: translate or translation.] in RV [Note: Revised Version.] be of good courage. The comparative rarity of the word courage implies no disparagement of the virtue, for exhortations to be strong, and to fear not are frequent. T. H. Green, comparing Greek and Christian ideals of virtue (Prolegomena to Ethics, p. 277 ff.), shows how greatly the conception of moral heroism has been widened. Courage or fortitude is defined as the will to endure even unto death for a worthy end; therefore the Christian may be courageous in obscure labours of love as well as in the splendid heroism at which a world might wonder.
J. G. Tasker.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
One characteristic of the person who has a strong faith in God is courage in the midst of danger. There are, however, different kinds of dangers and different kinds of courage.
Courage may be obvious where a person is brave or heroic in circumstances of physical danger on every side, such as in war or natural disasters (1Sa_14:6-15; 2Sa_23:13-19; Act_27:24-26; 2Co_12:25-26). It is obvious also in cases where, by speaking or acting in a certain way, a person knowingly faces consequences where physical suffering is a clear possibility (Num_13:30-32; Dan_3:16-18; Mar_6:17-18; Joh_2:13-17; Act_4:13; Act_5:27-30). But greater courage may be necessary in cases where there is no immediate physical danger, but other pressures make it difficult to stand for what is right against a majority who want to do wrong (Pro_28:1; Luk_14:1-6; Joh_7:50-52; cf. Luk_22:54-62; Gal_2:11-14; see FEAR).
The courage of believers comes through their faith in God (Deu_3:22; 1Sa_17:45-46; Psa_56:3-4; 1Co_16:13) and is maintained through prayer (Psa_27:14; Act_4:29; Eph_6:18-19). But it still involves effort, since it requires people to set out deliberately to do what they know will be dangerous (Mar_15:43). Such courage is an example to others, urging them to greater confidence and increased boldness (Php_1:12-14). Like the biblical expression Be of good courage, it is a way of giving encouragement to those who need it (Jos_1:6-7; Jos_1:9; 2Sa_10:12; see ENCOURAGEMENT).
Bridgeway Bible Dictionary by Don Fleming
PRINTER 1990.
kur?ā̇j: Hebrew ḥāzaḳ, ?to show oneself strong? (Num_13:20; 2Sa_10:12; 1Ch_19:13; 2Ch_15:8; Ezr_10:4; Psa_27:14; Psa_31:24; Isa_41:6); rūaḥ, ?spirit,? ?animus? (Jos_2:11 the King James Version); 'āmac, ?to be alert? (physically and mentally), ?to be agile,? ?quick,? ?energetic? (Deu_31:6, Deu_31:7, Deu_31:23; Jos_1:6, Jos_1:9, Jos_1:18; Jos_10:25; 1Ch_22:13; 1Ch_28:20); lēbhābh, ?the heart,? and figuratively, ?person,? ?spirit? (Dan_11:25); Greek thársos, ?cheer? (Act_28:15). A virtue highly esteemed among all nations, one of the four chief ?natural? (cardinal) virtues (The Wisdom of Solomon 8:7), while cowardice ranks as one of the mortal sins (Ecclesiasticus 2:12, 13; Rev_21:8).
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Courage
is that quality of the mind that enables men to encounter difficulties and dangers. Natural courage is that which arises chiefly from constitution; moral or spiritual is that which is produced from principle, or a sense of duty. Courage and fortitude are often used as synonymous, but they may be distinguished thus: fortitude is firmness of mind that supports pain; courage is active fortitude, that meets dangers, and attempts to repel them. SEE FORTITUDE. Courage, says Addison, that grows from constitution, very often forsakes a mall when he has occasion for it; and when it is only a kind of instinct in the soul, it breaks out on all occasions, without judgment or discretion; but that courage which arises from a sense of duty, and from a fear of offending Him that made us, always acts in a uniform manner, and according to the dictates of right reason.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
In the NT the Gr. noun for courage is found only in Act_28:15. The corresponding verb is rendered uniformly in the RV [Note: Revised Version.] be of good cheer; but a later form of the same verb occurs six times, and is tr. [Note: translate or translation.] in RV [Note: Revised Version.] be of good courage. The comparative rarity of the word courage implies no disparagement of the virtue, for exhortations to be strong, and to fear not are frequent. T. H. Green, comparing Greek and Christian ideals of virtue (Prolegomena to Ethics, p. 277 ff.), shows how greatly the conception of moral heroism has been widened. Courage or fortitude is defined as the will to endure even unto death for a worthy end; therefore the Christian may be courageous in obscure labours of love as well as in the splendid heroism at which a world might wonder.
J. G. Tasker.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
One characteristic of the person who has a strong faith in God is courage in the midst of danger. There are, however, different kinds of dangers and different kinds of courage.
Courage may be obvious where a person is brave or heroic in circumstances of physical danger on every side, such as in war or natural disasters (1Sa_14:6-15; 2Sa_23:13-19; Act_27:24-26; 2Co_12:25-26). It is obvious also in cases where, by speaking or acting in a certain way, a person knowingly faces consequences where physical suffering is a clear possibility (Num_13:30-32; Dan_3:16-18; Mar_6:17-18; Joh_2:13-17; Act_4:13; Act_5:27-30). But greater courage may be necessary in cases where there is no immediate physical danger, but other pressures make it difficult to stand for what is right against a majority who want to do wrong (Pro_28:1; Luk_14:1-6; Joh_7:50-52; cf. Luk_22:54-62; Gal_2:11-14; see FEAR).
The courage of believers comes through their faith in God (Deu_3:22; 1Sa_17:45-46; Psa_56:3-4; 1Co_16:13) and is maintained through prayer (Psa_27:14; Act_4:29; Eph_6:18-19). But it still involves effort, since it requires people to set out deliberately to do what they know will be dangerous (Mar_15:43). Such courage is an example to others, urging them to greater confidence and increased boldness (Php_1:12-14). Like the biblical expression Be of good courage, it is a way of giving encouragement to those who need it (Jos_1:6-7; Jos_1:9; 2Sa_10:12; see ENCOURAGEMENT).
Bridgeway Bible Dictionary by Don Fleming
PRINTER 1990.
kur?ā̇j: Hebrew ḥāzaḳ, ?to show oneself strong? (Num_13:20; 2Sa_10:12; 1Ch_19:13; 2Ch_15:8; Ezr_10:4; Psa_27:14; Psa_31:24; Isa_41:6); rūaḥ, ?spirit,? ?animus? (Jos_2:11 the King James Version); 'āmac, ?to be alert? (physically and mentally), ?to be agile,? ?quick,? ?energetic? (Deu_31:6, Deu_31:7, Deu_31:23; Jos_1:6, Jos_1:9, Jos_1:18; Jos_10:25; 1Ch_22:13; 1Ch_28:20); lēbhābh, ?the heart,? and figuratively, ?person,? ?spirit? (Dan_11:25); Greek thársos, ?cheer? (Act_28:15). A virtue highly esteemed among all nations, one of the four chief ?natural? (cardinal) virtues (The Wisdom of Solomon 8:7), while cowardice ranks as one of the mortal sins (Ecclesiasticus 2:12, 13; Rev_21:8).
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Courage
is that quality of the mind that enables men to encounter difficulties and dangers. Natural courage is that which arises chiefly from constitution; moral or spiritual is that which is produced from principle, or a sense of duty. Courage and fortitude are often used as synonymous, but they may be distinguished thus: fortitude is firmness of mind that supports pain; courage is active fortitude, that meets dangers, and attempts to repel them. SEE FORTITUDE. Courage, says Addison, that grows from constitution, very often forsakes a mall when he has occasion for it; and when it is only a kind of instinct in the soul, it breaks out on all occasions, without judgment or discretion; but that courage which arises from a sense of duty, and from a fear of offending Him that made us, always acts in a uniform manner, and according to the dictates of right reason.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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