Agate
VIEW:56 DATA:01-04-2020
AGATE.See Jewels and Precious Stones.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
Hebrew kadkod, from kadad, "to sparkle". The "windows" being of this gem (Isa_54:12) implies transparency. Gesenius thinks the ruby or carbuncle is meant. It was imported from Syria to Tyre (Eze_27:16). Hebrew Sheba (from Sheba whence it came to Tyre), Exo_28:19; Exo_39:12, is rightly translated "agate," a semi-transparent uncrystallized quartz, mainly silica, with concentric layers of various tints; the second stone of the third row on the high priest's breast-plate. The English term is drawn from that of the Greeks, who found agate in the river Acheres, in Sicily, and hence named it.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Agate. A beautifully-veined semi-transparent precious stone, a variety of quartz. Its colors are delicately arranged in stripes or bands or blended in clouds. It is mentioned four times in the text of the Authorized Version, namely, in Exo_28:19; Exo_39:12; Isa_54:12; Eze_27:16.
In the two former passages; where it is represented by the Hebrew word, 'shebo', it is spoken of as forming the second stone in the third row of the high priest's breastplate; in each of the two latter places, the original word is 'cadced', by which, no doubt, is intended a different stone. See Ruby. Our English agate derives its name from the Achates, on the banks of which it was first found.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
שבו , Exo_28:19; Exo_39:12. In the Septuagint αχατης, and Vulgate, achates. A precious stone, semi-pellucid. Its variegations are sometimes most beautifully disposed, representing plants, trees, rivers, clouds, &c. Its Hebrew name is, perhaps, derived from the country whence the Jews imported it; for the merchants of Sheba brought to the market of Tyre all kinds of precious stones, Eze_27:22. The agate was the second stone in the third row of the pectoral of the high priest, Exo_28:19; Exo_39:12.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
ag?ā̇t. See STONES, PRECIOUS.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Agate, a precious or rather ornamental stone, which was one of those in the breast-plate of the high-priest (Exo_28:19; Exo_39:12). This stone is popularly known in this country under the name of Scotch pebble. There are few countries in which agates of some quality or other are not produced. The finest are those of India; they are plentiful, and sometimes fine, in Italy, Spain, and Germany; but those found in this country are seldom good.
Agate is one of the numerous modifications of form under which silica presents itself, almost in a state of purity, forming 98 per cent, of the entire mineral. The siliceous particles are not so arranged as to produce the transparency of rock crystal, but a semi-pellucid, sometimes almost opaque substance, with a resinous or waxy fracture; and various shades of color are produced by minute quantities of iron. The same stone sometimes contains parts of different degrees of translucency, and of various shades of color; and the endless combinations of these produce the beautiful and singular internal forms, for which, together with the high polish they are capable of receiving, agates obtain their value as precious stones. The Scripture text shows the early use of this stone for engraving; and several antique agates, engraved with exquisite beauty, are still preserved in the cabinets of the curious.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Agate
(שְׁבוֹ, shebo', signif. unknown; Sept. ἀχάτης, Vulg. achates), a precious, or rather ornamental stone, which was one of those in the breastplate (see Braunii Vest. Sacerd. Heb_2:15) of the high-priest (Exo_28:19; Exo_39:12). The word agate, indeed, occurs also in Isa_54:12, and Eze_27:6, in our translation; but in the original the word is כִּדְכֹּד, kadkod. See RUBY. Theophrastus describes the agate as an elegant stone, which took its name from the river Achates (now the Drillo, in the Val di Noto), in Sicily, and was sold at a great price" (58). But it must have been known long before in the East, and, in fact, there are few countries in which agates of some quality or other are not produced. The finest are those of India; they are plentiful, and sometimes fine, in Italy, Spain, and Germany. We have no evidence that agates were found in Palestine. Those used in the desert were doubtless brought from Egypt. Pliny says that those found in the neighborhood of Thebes were usually red veined with white. He adds that these, as well as most other agates, were deemed to be effectual against scorpions, and gives some curious accounts of the pictorial delineations which the variegations of agates occasionally assumed. Agate is one of the numerous modifications of form under which silica presents itself, almost in a state of purity, forming 98 per cent. of the entire mineral. The silicious particles are not so arranged as to produce the transparency of rock crystal, but a semi-pellucid, sometimes almost opaque substance, with a resinous or waxy fracture, and the various shades of color arise from minute quantities of iron. The same stone sometimes contains parts of different degrees of translucency, and of various shades of color; and the endless combinations of these produce the beautiful and singular internal forms, from which, together with the high polish they are capable of receiving, agates acquire their value as precious stones. Agates are usually found in detached rounded nodules in that variety of the trap rocks called amygdaloid or mandelstein, and occasionally in other rocks. Some of the most marvellous specimens on record were probably merely fancied, and possibly some were the work of art, as it is known that agates may be artificially stained. From Pliny we learn that in his time agates were less valued than they had been in more ancient times (Hist. Nat. 37, 10). The varieties of the agate are numerous, and are now, as in the time of Pliny, arranged according to the color of their ground. The Scripture text shows the early use of this stone for engraving; and several antique agates, engraved with exquisite beauty, are still preserved in the cabinets of the curious. (For a further account of the modern agate, see the Penny Cyclopcedia, s.v.). SEE GEM.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
Hebrew kadkod, from kadad, "to sparkle". The "windows" being of this gem (Isa_54:12) implies transparency. Gesenius thinks the ruby or carbuncle is meant. It was imported from Syria to Tyre (Eze_27:16). Hebrew Sheba (from Sheba whence it came to Tyre), Exo_28:19; Exo_39:12, is rightly translated "agate," a semi-transparent uncrystallized quartz, mainly silica, with concentric layers of various tints; the second stone of the third row on the high priest's breast-plate. The English term is drawn from that of the Greeks, who found agate in the river Acheres, in Sicily, and hence named it.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Agate. A beautifully-veined semi-transparent precious stone, a variety of quartz. Its colors are delicately arranged in stripes or bands or blended in clouds. It is mentioned four times in the text of the Authorized Version, namely, in Exo_28:19; Exo_39:12; Isa_54:12; Eze_27:16.
In the two former passages; where it is represented by the Hebrew word, 'shebo', it is spoken of as forming the second stone in the third row of the high priest's breastplate; in each of the two latter places, the original word is 'cadced', by which, no doubt, is intended a different stone. See Ruby. Our English agate derives its name from the Achates, on the banks of which it was first found.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
שבו , Exo_28:19; Exo_39:12. In the Septuagint αχατης, and Vulgate, achates. A precious stone, semi-pellucid. Its variegations are sometimes most beautifully disposed, representing plants, trees, rivers, clouds, &c. Its Hebrew name is, perhaps, derived from the country whence the Jews imported it; for the merchants of Sheba brought to the market of Tyre all kinds of precious stones, Eze_27:22. The agate was the second stone in the third row of the pectoral of the high priest, Exo_28:19; Exo_39:12.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
ag?ā̇t. See STONES, PRECIOUS.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Agate, a precious or rather ornamental stone, which was one of those in the breast-plate of the high-priest (Exo_28:19; Exo_39:12). This stone is popularly known in this country under the name of Scotch pebble. There are few countries in which agates of some quality or other are not produced. The finest are those of India; they are plentiful, and sometimes fine, in Italy, Spain, and Germany; but those found in this country are seldom good.
Agate is one of the numerous modifications of form under which silica presents itself, almost in a state of purity, forming 98 per cent, of the entire mineral. The siliceous particles are not so arranged as to produce the transparency of rock crystal, but a semi-pellucid, sometimes almost opaque substance, with a resinous or waxy fracture; and various shades of color are produced by minute quantities of iron. The same stone sometimes contains parts of different degrees of translucency, and of various shades of color; and the endless combinations of these produce the beautiful and singular internal forms, for which, together with the high polish they are capable of receiving, agates obtain their value as precious stones. The Scripture text shows the early use of this stone for engraving; and several antique agates, engraved with exquisite beauty, are still preserved in the cabinets of the curious.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Agate
(שְׁבוֹ, shebo', signif. unknown; Sept. ἀχάτης, Vulg. achates), a precious, or rather ornamental stone, which was one of those in the breastplate (see Braunii Vest. Sacerd. Heb_2:15) of the high-priest (Exo_28:19; Exo_39:12). The word agate, indeed, occurs also in Isa_54:12, and Eze_27:6, in our translation; but in the original the word is כִּדְכֹּד, kadkod. See RUBY. Theophrastus describes the agate as an elegant stone, which took its name from the river Achates (now the Drillo, in the Val di Noto), in Sicily, and was sold at a great price" (58). But it must have been known long before in the East, and, in fact, there are few countries in which agates of some quality or other are not produced. The finest are those of India; they are plentiful, and sometimes fine, in Italy, Spain, and Germany. We have no evidence that agates were found in Palestine. Those used in the desert were doubtless brought from Egypt. Pliny says that those found in the neighborhood of Thebes were usually red veined with white. He adds that these, as well as most other agates, were deemed to be effectual against scorpions, and gives some curious accounts of the pictorial delineations which the variegations of agates occasionally assumed. Agate is one of the numerous modifications of form under which silica presents itself, almost in a state of purity, forming 98 per cent. of the entire mineral. The silicious particles are not so arranged as to produce the transparency of rock crystal, but a semi-pellucid, sometimes almost opaque substance, with a resinous or waxy fracture, and the various shades of color arise from minute quantities of iron. The same stone sometimes contains parts of different degrees of translucency, and of various shades of color; and the endless combinations of these produce the beautiful and singular internal forms, from which, together with the high polish they are capable of receiving, agates acquire their value as precious stones. Agates are usually found in detached rounded nodules in that variety of the trap rocks called amygdaloid or mandelstein, and occasionally in other rocks. Some of the most marvellous specimens on record were probably merely fancied, and possibly some were the work of art, as it is known that agates may be artificially stained. From Pliny we learn that in his time agates were less valued than they had been in more ancient times (Hist. Nat. 37, 10). The varieties of the agate are numerous, and are now, as in the time of Pliny, arranged according to the color of their ground. The Scripture text shows the early use of this stone for engraving; and several antique agates, engraved with exquisite beauty, are still preserved in the cabinets of the curious. (For a further account of the modern agate, see the Penny Cyclopcedia, s.v.). SEE GEM.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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