Exorcism
VIEW:42 DATA:01-04-2020
EXORCISM.The word may be defined as denoting the action of expelling an evil spirit by the performance of certain rites, including almost always the invocation of a reputedly holy name. An anticipation of the later methods occurs in Davids attempt to expel Sauls melancholia by means of music (1Sa_16:16; 1Sa_16:23); and in the perception of the benefit of music may possibly be found the origin of the incantations that became a marked feature of the process. A more complicated method is prescribed by the angel Raphael (Tob_6:16 f., Tob_8:2). In NT times the art had developed; professional exorcists had become numerous (Act_19:13; Act_19:19), whilst other persons were adepts, and practised as occasion needed (Mat_12:27, Luk_11:19). An old division of the Babylonian religious literature (cf. Cuneif. Texts from, Tablets in Brit. Mus., pts. xvi., xvii.) contains many specimens of incantations; and the connexion of the Jews with that country, especially during the Exile, is an obvious explanation of the great extension both of the conception of the influence of demons and of the means adopted for their treatment. Exorcism was a recognized occupation and need in the Jewish life of the first century, as it became afterwards in certain sections of the Christian Church.
In the procedure and formulæ of exorcism, differences are traceable in the practice of the Jews, of Christ, and of His disciples. An illustration of the Jewish method may be found in Josephus (Ant. VIII. ii. 5), who claims Solomon for its author, and describes a case that he had himself witnessed. Other instances occur in the papyri (e.g. Dieterich, Abraxas, 138ff.), and in the Talmud (e.g. Berakhoth, 51a; Pesachim, 112b). The vital part of the procedure was the invocation of a name (or a series of names, of a deity or an angel, at the mention of which the evil spirit was supposed to recognize the presence of a superior power and to decline a combat, as though a spell had been put upon him. Christ, on the other hand, uses no spell, but in virtue of His own authority bids the evil spirits retire, and they render His slightest word unquestioning obedience. Sometimes He describes. Himself as acting by the finger of God (Luk_11:20) or by the Spirit of God (Mat_12:28), and sometimes His will is indicated even without speech (Luk_13:13; Luk_13:16); but the general method is a stern or peremptory command (Mat_8:16, Mar_1:25; Mar_9:25, Luk_8:29). He does not require any previous preparation on the part of the sufferer, though occasionally (Mar_9:23 f.) He uses the incident to excite faith on the part of the relatives. His own personality, His mere presence on the scene, are enough to alarm the evil spirits and to put an end to their mischief. In the case of His disciples, the power to exercise was given both before and after the resurrection (Mat_10:1; Mat_10:8, Mar_3:15; Mar_16:17, Luk_9:1), and was successfully exercised by them (Mar_6:13, Luk_10:17, Act_5:16; Act_8:7; Act_19:12); but the authority was derived, and on that ground, if not by explicit command (cf. in my name, Mar_16:17). the invocation of the name of Jesus was probably substituted for His direct command. That was clearly the course adopted by St. Paul (Act_16:18; Act_19:13-16), as by St. Peter and the Apostles generally in other miracles (Act_3:6; Act_4:10, Jam_5:14). The name of Jesus was not recited as a spell, but appealed to as the source of all spiritual power, as not only the badge of discipleship but the name of the ever-present Lord of spirits and Saviour of men (Mat_28:19 f., Joh_14:13).
R. W. Moss.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
(See DEVIL; DIVINATION.) Practiced with spells, as the name of Solomon, magic charms, and incantations among the Jews. Act_19:13-16; the profane use of Jesus' name as a mere spell was punished by the demon turning on the would be exorcists; these "vagabond Jews" were pretenders. But our Lord implies that some Jews actually cast out demons (Mat_12:27), probably by demoniacal help; others in the name of Jesus, without saving faith in Him (Mat_7:22; Mar_9:38). He gave the power to the twelve, the seventy, and to other disciples after His ascension (Mat_10:8; Luk_10:17-19; Mar_16:17; Act_16:18). The term "exorcise" is never up. plied in Scripture to the Christian casting out of demons. In the end of the 3rd century "exorcists" were made an order in the Christian church, much to the fostering of superstition, especially in connection with baptism.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
In the procedure and formulæ of exorcism, differences are traceable in the practice of the Jews, of Christ, and of His disciples. An illustration of the Jewish method may be found in Josephus (Ant. VIII. ii. 5), who claims Solomon for its author, and describes a case that he had himself witnessed. Other instances occur in the papyri (e.g. Dieterich, Abraxas, 138ff.), and in the Talmud (e.g. Berakhoth, 51a; Pesachim, 112b). The vital part of the procedure was the invocation of a name (or a series of names, of a deity or an angel, at the mention of which the evil spirit was supposed to recognize the presence of a superior power and to decline a combat, as though a spell had been put upon him. Christ, on the other hand, uses no spell, but in virtue of His own authority bids the evil spirits retire, and they render His slightest word unquestioning obedience. Sometimes He describes. Himself as acting by the finger of God (Luk_11:20) or by the Spirit of God (Mat_12:28), and sometimes His will is indicated even without speech (Luk_13:13; Luk_13:16); but the general method is a stern or peremptory command (Mat_8:16, Mar_1:25; Mar_9:25, Luk_8:29). He does not require any previous preparation on the part of the sufferer, though occasionally (Mar_9:23 f.) He uses the incident to excite faith on the part of the relatives. His own personality, His mere presence on the scene, are enough to alarm the evil spirits and to put an end to their mischief. In the case of His disciples, the power to exercise was given both before and after the resurrection (Mat_10:1; Mat_10:8, Mar_3:15; Mar_16:17, Luk_9:1), and was successfully exercised by them (Mar_6:13, Luk_10:17, Act_5:16; Act_8:7; Act_19:12); but the authority was derived, and on that ground, if not by explicit command (cf. in my name, Mar_16:17). the invocation of the name of Jesus was probably substituted for His direct command. That was clearly the course adopted by St. Paul (Act_16:18; Act_19:13-16), as by St. Peter and the Apostles generally in other miracles (Act_3:6; Act_4:10, Jam_5:14). The name of Jesus was not recited as a spell, but appealed to as the source of all spiritual power, as not only the badge of discipleship but the name of the ever-present Lord of spirits and Saviour of men (Mat_28:19 f., Joh_14:13).
R. W. Moss.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
(See DEVIL; DIVINATION.) Practiced with spells, as the name of Solomon, magic charms, and incantations among the Jews. Act_19:13-16; the profane use of Jesus' name as a mere spell was punished by the demon turning on the would be exorcists; these "vagabond Jews" were pretenders. But our Lord implies that some Jews actually cast out demons (Mat_12:27), probably by demoniacal help; others in the name of Jesus, without saving faith in Him (Mat_7:22; Mar_9:38). He gave the power to the twelve, the seventy, and to other disciples after His ascension (Mat_10:8; Luk_10:17-19; Mar_16:17; Act_16:18). The term "exorcise" is never up. plied in Scripture to the Christian casting out of demons. In the end of the 3rd century "exorcists" were made an order in the Christian church, much to the fostering of superstition, especially in connection with baptism.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
BUSCADAVERDADE
Visite o nosso canal youtube.com/buscadaverdade e se INSCREVA agora mesmo! Lá temos uma diversidade de temas interessantes sobre: Saúde, Receitas Saudáveis, Benefícios dos Alimentos, Benefícios das Vitaminas e Sais Minerais... Dê uma olhadinha, você vai gostar! E não se esqueça, dê o seu like e se INSCREVA! Clique abaixo e vá direto ao canal!
Saiba Mais
-
Nutrição
Vegetarianismo e a Vitamina B12 -
Receita
Como preparar a Proteína Vegetal Texturizada -
Arqueologia
Livro de Enoque é um livro profético?
Tags