Fowl
VIEW:40 DATA:01-04-2020
FOWL.The word fowl is used in AV [Note: Authorized Version.] for any kind of bird. The two words bird and fowl are employed simply for the sake of variety or perhaps to distinguish two different Heb. or Gr. words occurring near one another. Thus Gen_15:10 the birds (Heb. tsippôr) divided he not, Gen_15:11 when the fowls (Heb. ayit) came down upon the carcases; Jer_12:8 the birds round about (same Heb. as fowls in Gen_15:11), Psa_8:8 the fowl of the air (same Heb. as birds in Gen_15:10). See Bird.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
Used for birds of prey: 'ayit (Gen_15:11; Job_28:7; Isa_18:6). The Assyrian host, type of the anti-Christian hosts (Rev_19:17-18, ta ornea; Eze_39:17-20), "shall be left to the fowls of the mountains ... and the fowls shall summer upon them." In the sense "poultry," see Neh_5:18; 1Ki_4:23; "fatted fowl," barburim, from barar, "to be pure." Gesenius translated "geese." Birds in general (ta peteina) (Luk_12:24).
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Fowl. Several distinct Hebrew and Greek words are thus rendered in the English Bible. Of these, the most common is 'oph, which is usually a collective term for all kinds of birds. In 1Ki_4:23, among the daily provisions for Solomon's table "fatted fowl" are included. In the New Testament, the word translated "fowls" is most frequently that which comprehends all kinds of birds (including ravens, Luk_12:24. See Sparrow.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
foul (עוף, ‛ōph; πετεινόν, peteinón): The word is now generally restricted to the larger, especially the edible birds, but formerly it denoted all flying creatures; in Lev_11:20 the King James Version we have even, ?all fowls that creep, going upon all four,? Lev_11:21, ?every flying creeping thing that goeth upon all four.?
1. Old Testament Terms and References
The word most frequently translated ?fowl? is ‛ōph from ‛̇ūph, ?to cover,? hence, wing; it is used collectively for birds and fowl in general (Gen_1:20, etc.; Gen_2:19, Gen_2:20, etc.); ‛ayı̄t (from ‛ūt, ?to rush?) means a ravenous beasts; or bird of prey, used collectively of ravenous birds (Gen_15:11 the King James Version; Isa_18:6 the King James Version ?fowls?; Job_28:7, ?a path which no fowl knoweth,? the Revised Version (British and American) ?no bird of prey?); in Isa_46:11 it is used as a symbol of a conqueror (compare Jer_12:9, ?bird,? ?birds of prey?; Eze_39:4, ?ravenous birds?); cippōr, Aramaic cippar (from cāphar, ?to twitter or chirp?), ?a chirper,? denotes a small bird or sparrow (Deu_4:17 the King James Version; Neh_5:18; Dan_4:14); to give the carcasses of men to the fowls (birds) of the air was an image of destruction (Deu_28:26 the King James Version; 1Sa_17:44, 1Sa_17:46; Psa_79:2; Jer_7:33, etc.); barburı̄m, rendered (1Ki_4:23) ?fatted fowl? (among the provisions for Solomon's table for one day), is probably a mimetic word, like Greek bárbaros, Latin murmuro, English babble, perhaps denoting geese from their cackle (Gesenius, from bārar, ?to cleanse,? referring to their white plumage; but other derivations and renderings are given). They might have been ducks or swans. They could have been guineas or pigeons. The young of the ostrich was delicious food, and no doubt when Solomon's ships brought peafowl they also brought word that they were a delicacy for a king's table. The domestic fowl was not common so early in Palestine,but it may have been brought by Solomon with other imports from the East; in New Testament times chickens were common; ba‛al kānāph, ?owner of a wing,? is used for a bird of any kind in Pro_1:17. ?In vain is the net spread in the sight of any bird,? the King James Version margin Hebrew, ?in the eyes of everything that hath a wing.?
2. In the Levitical Law
In the Levitical law fowls (birds) were distinguished as clean and unclean (Lev_11:13 f; Deu_14:11-20; compare Gen_8:20); the first were allowed to be eaten because they fed on grains, seeds, and vegetables; the second were forbidden because they fed on flesh and carrion.
3. New Testament References and Illustrative Uses
In the New Testament the common word for ?fowl? is peteinon, ?winged fowl.? ?The fowls of the air? (the Revised Version (British and American) ?the birds of the heaven?) are pointed to by our Lord as examples of the providential care of God (Mat_6:26; Luk_12:24); in another connection the ?sparrows? (strouthı́on) sold cheap, probably for food, are so employed (Mat_10:29, ?Are not two sparrows sold for a penny?? Luk_12:6, ?five ... for two pence?); their quickly picking up seeds from the ground is made to illustrate the influences which render ?the word? powerless (Mat_13:4); their being sheltered in the branches, the growth of the kingdom (Mat_13:32, peteinon); the hen's (ornis) sheltering care for her chickens, His desire to protect and save Jerusalem (Mat_23:37; compare 2 Esdras 1:30; Rth_2:12); the fowls were shown in vision to Peter as among the things made clean by God (Act_10:12; Act_11:6); in Rev_18:2; Rev_19:17, Rev_19:21, órneon, ?bird,? ?fowl,? a carnivorous bird (the Revised Version (British and American) ?bird?), is the representative of desolation and of destruction.
For ?fowls? the American Standard Revised Version has ?birds? (Gen_6:7, Gen_6:20; Gen_7:3; Lev_20:25; Act_10:12; Act_11:6; with the English Revised Version Mat_6:26; Mat_13:4; Mar_4:4, Mar_4:32; Luk_8:5; Luk_12:24; Luk_13:19); for ?every feathered fowl? (Eze_39:17), the Revised Version (British and American) has ?the birds of every sort?; for ?all fowls that creep? (Lev_11:20) and for ?every flying creeping thing? (Lev_11:21), ?all winged creeping things.?
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Fowl [BIRDS; COCK]
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Gen_15:11 (c) These are a type of Satan and his angels who are always enemies of any sacrifice for sin, and especially for any types or shadows of Calvary. Satan was defeated at the Cross, and he ever tries to get men's minds to be occupied with every other kind of remedy for sin, except the one remedy of the Blood. In this particular case, Satanic powers wanted to hide from Israel the value of GOD's preserving care, and His rich provision for their needs.
Dan_7:6 (b) Here is a type of the swiftness with which Alexander's four armies and generals would progress in their campaign to conquer the earth.
Mat_6:26 (b) The Lord calls our attention to His care for the bird family so that we may realize His care for us. We are more precious than the birds, and all of the children of GOD have His promise that He will preserve and provide for them.
Mat_13:4 (a) Here is a type of evil spirits who pounce upon the Word of GOD when the sinner hears it in order to take it out of his heart and mind. (See also Mar_4:4; Luk_8:5).
Mar_4:32 (b) These birds represent evil spirits who make their home and perform their activities in religious systems. (See also Mat_13:19).
Act_10:12 (b) These birds represent unclean people who were saved by grace, washed in the Blood of the Lamb, and thereby made fit to live in Heaven. The Lord is telling us that when He saves any kind of a wicked person, He makes that person a fit subject for Heaven, the company of angels, and the presence of GOD. (See Act_11:6).
Rev_19:21 (b) By this type we understand the destructive and consuming power of the armies who would destroy their enemies.
Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types
press 1957.
Fowl
is the rendering of the following Heb. words in the Bible:
1. Usually עוֹ (oph, a flier), πετεινόν, any winged animal, a generic term for the feathered race, frequently with the addition of הָּשָּׁמִיַם, of the heavens.
2. עִיַט (a'yit, so called from rushing on. its prey; compare Jer_12:9, where it is spoken of a beast), a ravenous bird (Job_28:7); as an emblem of a warlike king (Isa_46:11); collect for birds of prey (Gen_15:11; Isa_18:6; Eze_39:4). like ὄρνεον, as a vulture (Rev_18:2; Rev_19:17; Rev_19:21); translated fowl in Gen_15:11; Job_28:7; Isa_18:6.
3. צַפּור (tsippor', so called from its twittering; Chald. צַפִּר, Dan_4:9; Dan_4:11; Dan_4:18; Dan_4:30), a small bird, spec. a sparrow (Psa_84:4; Psa_102:8; Pro_26:2; Pro_27:8; Job 40:29 [Job_40:24]; Ecc_12:6, etc.), or similar small birds (Psa_11:1; Psa_104:17; Psa_124:7; as caught by the fowler, Pro_6:5; Pro_7:23; Amo_3:5, etc.; also collect. birds of any kind, Gen_15:10;. Lev_14:4-53 Deu_4:17; Psa_8:9; Psa_148:10 : etc.; and even a bird of prey, Eze_39:4), occasionally rendered by swallow and sparrow. In Neh_5:18, the word seems to have the special sense which fowl has with us, as it is enumerated among the viands provided for Nehemiah's table.
4. בִּרְבֻּרַים(barburim'), fatted fowls, 1Ki_4:23, as provided for the table of Solomon, where Kimchi understands capons, but Gesenius, with the Jerus. Targum, geese, so called from the pureness and whiteness of their plumage: The ancient Egyptians had spacious poultry-yards, set apart for keeping geese and other wild-fowl, which they fattened for the table; and their poulterers bestowed especial care upon the geese (Wilkinson, 1:215; 2:174, abridgm.). SEE FATTED FOWL.
In the N.T. the word translated fowls is most frequently τὰ πετεινά, which comprehends all kinds of birds (including ravens, Luk_12:24).; but in Rev_19:17-21, where the context shows that birds of prey are meant, the Greek is τὰ ὄρνεα. The same distinction is observed in thee apocryphal writings: comp. Jdt_11:7; Sir_17:4; Sir_43:14, with 2Ma_15:33. SEE COCK; SEE SPARROW.
The following statements cover the remaining details. Clean binds כָּלאּצַפּוֹר טְהֹרָח, Deu_14:11; Deu_14:20), i.e., all not named in Lev_11:13-19; Deu_14:12-18, were (as well as their eggs, בֵּיצַים) used for food (Luk_11:12), e.g. quails (q.v.), chickens, doves, also wild-fowl; hence bird-catching was very common (Psa_124:7; Amo_3:5; Hos_5:1; Hos_7:12, etc.), for. which purpose. nets, traps, and stool-birds (Jer_5:27; Sir_11:31 [37]) were used (see Gesen. Thes. page 685). SEE FOWLER. In robbing a nest of its eggs or young, however, the mother-bird must be allowed to escape (Deu_22:6 sq.; see Michaelis, Syntagm. Comm. 2, 89 sq.; Mos. Recht, 3:181 sq.), a prescription founded snot only on motives of humanity (comp. Lev_22:28; yet see Heumans, De legis div. semnsu, Gott. 1748; also in his Nova Sylloge Dissertatt. page 282 sq.); although the Talmudists (Mishna, Chollin, 12:2) refer this only to clean birds, and make many nice distinctions in the matter, with various penalties attached (Maccoth, 3:4). Birds were not regularly offered in sacrifice, except in commutation for some costlier victim (Lev_1:15-17; compare Mishna, Kinnim, 5:11). SEE DOVE.
The bird was first brought to the altar, where the priest (with his nail) nipped off the head, or rather cracked (מלק) thee neck, so that it still hung to the bird (Lev_5:8); he then squeezed out the blood (sufficient, at least, in quantity for sprinkling), and finally threw the body into the fire, but without the crop, which (with its contents and the offal) was separately (ברל) thrown into the ash-heap under the altar. Before the flesh was committed to the flames, however, a folding back or breaking of the wings (שַׁסִּע בּכְנָפָיו) is prescribed, a symbol of which the meaning is not clear (see Dassov, De ave ungue secta, Viteb. 1697; Eskuche, De gall/a et gallisis ad aram Jehovca nonfractisa Rint. 1741). The Talmud mentions geese (אִוָּז, Chol. 12:1; Bekor. 7:4), a well-knows article of luxury with modern Jews. The Hebrews were accustomed to play with parlor-birds, especially children (Job 40:29 [Job_40:24]; Bar_3:17; comp. Catull. 2:1 sq.; Plaut. Capt. 5:4, 5). Of that form of divination which draw omens from the appearance or flight of birds (Muller, Etrusk. 2:187 sq.), an example occurs in the history of the Herodian family (Josephus, Ant. 19:8, 2). SEE SOOTHSAYER. Thee fable of the phoenix (Pliny, 10:2; Ovid, Met. 15:392 sq.; comp. Herod. 2:73) is thought by some (also Ewald) to be alluded to in Job_29:18 (see Gesenius, Thes. Heb. page 453 sq.). See generally Tenzel, in the Thesaur. theol. philol. 1:559 sq. Comp. BIRD.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
Used for birds of prey: 'ayit (Gen_15:11; Job_28:7; Isa_18:6). The Assyrian host, type of the anti-Christian hosts (Rev_19:17-18, ta ornea; Eze_39:17-20), "shall be left to the fowls of the mountains ... and the fowls shall summer upon them." In the sense "poultry," see Neh_5:18; 1Ki_4:23; "fatted fowl," barburim, from barar, "to be pure." Gesenius translated "geese." Birds in general (ta peteina) (Luk_12:24).
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Fowl. Several distinct Hebrew and Greek words are thus rendered in the English Bible. Of these, the most common is 'oph, which is usually a collective term for all kinds of birds. In 1Ki_4:23, among the daily provisions for Solomon's table "fatted fowl" are included. In the New Testament, the word translated "fowls" is most frequently that which comprehends all kinds of birds (including ravens, Luk_12:24. See Sparrow.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
foul (עוף, ‛ōph; πετεινόν, peteinón): The word is now generally restricted to the larger, especially the edible birds, but formerly it denoted all flying creatures; in Lev_11:20 the King James Version we have even, ?all fowls that creep, going upon all four,? Lev_11:21, ?every flying creeping thing that goeth upon all four.?
1. Old Testament Terms and References
The word most frequently translated ?fowl? is ‛ōph from ‛̇ūph, ?to cover,? hence, wing; it is used collectively for birds and fowl in general (Gen_1:20, etc.; Gen_2:19, Gen_2:20, etc.); ‛ayı̄t (from ‛ūt, ?to rush?) means a ravenous beasts; or bird of prey, used collectively of ravenous birds (Gen_15:11 the King James Version; Isa_18:6 the King James Version ?fowls?; Job_28:7, ?a path which no fowl knoweth,? the Revised Version (British and American) ?no bird of prey?); in Isa_46:11 it is used as a symbol of a conqueror (compare Jer_12:9, ?bird,? ?birds of prey?; Eze_39:4, ?ravenous birds?); cippōr, Aramaic cippar (from cāphar, ?to twitter or chirp?), ?a chirper,? denotes a small bird or sparrow (Deu_4:17 the King James Version; Neh_5:18; Dan_4:14); to give the carcasses of men to the fowls (birds) of the air was an image of destruction (Deu_28:26 the King James Version; 1Sa_17:44, 1Sa_17:46; Psa_79:2; Jer_7:33, etc.); barburı̄m, rendered (1Ki_4:23) ?fatted fowl? (among the provisions for Solomon's table for one day), is probably a mimetic word, like Greek bárbaros, Latin murmuro, English babble, perhaps denoting geese from their cackle (Gesenius, from bārar, ?to cleanse,? referring to their white plumage; but other derivations and renderings are given). They might have been ducks or swans. They could have been guineas or pigeons. The young of the ostrich was delicious food, and no doubt when Solomon's ships brought peafowl they also brought word that they were a delicacy for a king's table. The domestic fowl was not common so early in Palestine,but it may have been brought by Solomon with other imports from the East; in New Testament times chickens were common; ba‛al kānāph, ?owner of a wing,? is used for a bird of any kind in Pro_1:17. ?In vain is the net spread in the sight of any bird,? the King James Version margin Hebrew, ?in the eyes of everything that hath a wing.?
2. In the Levitical Law
In the Levitical law fowls (birds) were distinguished as clean and unclean (Lev_11:13 f; Deu_14:11-20; compare Gen_8:20); the first were allowed to be eaten because they fed on grains, seeds, and vegetables; the second were forbidden because they fed on flesh and carrion.
3. New Testament References and Illustrative Uses
In the New Testament the common word for ?fowl? is peteinon, ?winged fowl.? ?The fowls of the air? (the Revised Version (British and American) ?the birds of the heaven?) are pointed to by our Lord as examples of the providential care of God (Mat_6:26; Luk_12:24); in another connection the ?sparrows? (strouthı́on) sold cheap, probably for food, are so employed (Mat_10:29, ?Are not two sparrows sold for a penny?? Luk_12:6, ?five ... for two pence?); their quickly picking up seeds from the ground is made to illustrate the influences which render ?the word? powerless (Mat_13:4); their being sheltered in the branches, the growth of the kingdom (Mat_13:32, peteinon); the hen's (ornis) sheltering care for her chickens, His desire to protect and save Jerusalem (Mat_23:37; compare 2 Esdras 1:30; Rth_2:12); the fowls were shown in vision to Peter as among the things made clean by God (Act_10:12; Act_11:6); in Rev_18:2; Rev_19:17, Rev_19:21, órneon, ?bird,? ?fowl,? a carnivorous bird (the Revised Version (British and American) ?bird?), is the representative of desolation and of destruction.
For ?fowls? the American Standard Revised Version has ?birds? (Gen_6:7, Gen_6:20; Gen_7:3; Lev_20:25; Act_10:12; Act_11:6; with the English Revised Version Mat_6:26; Mat_13:4; Mar_4:4, Mar_4:32; Luk_8:5; Luk_12:24; Luk_13:19); for ?every feathered fowl? (Eze_39:17), the Revised Version (British and American) has ?the birds of every sort?; for ?all fowls that creep? (Lev_11:20) and for ?every flying creeping thing? (Lev_11:21), ?all winged creeping things.?
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Fowl [BIRDS; COCK]
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Gen_15:11 (c) These are a type of Satan and his angels who are always enemies of any sacrifice for sin, and especially for any types or shadows of Calvary. Satan was defeated at the Cross, and he ever tries to get men's minds to be occupied with every other kind of remedy for sin, except the one remedy of the Blood. In this particular case, Satanic powers wanted to hide from Israel the value of GOD's preserving care, and His rich provision for their needs.
Dan_7:6 (b) Here is a type of the swiftness with which Alexander's four armies and generals would progress in their campaign to conquer the earth.
Mat_6:26 (b) The Lord calls our attention to His care for the bird family so that we may realize His care for us. We are more precious than the birds, and all of the children of GOD have His promise that He will preserve and provide for them.
Mat_13:4 (a) Here is a type of evil spirits who pounce upon the Word of GOD when the sinner hears it in order to take it out of his heart and mind. (See also Mar_4:4; Luk_8:5).
Mar_4:32 (b) These birds represent evil spirits who make their home and perform their activities in religious systems. (See also Mat_13:19).
Act_10:12 (b) These birds represent unclean people who were saved by grace, washed in the Blood of the Lamb, and thereby made fit to live in Heaven. The Lord is telling us that when He saves any kind of a wicked person, He makes that person a fit subject for Heaven, the company of angels, and the presence of GOD. (See Act_11:6).
Rev_19:21 (b) By this type we understand the destructive and consuming power of the armies who would destroy their enemies.
Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types
press 1957.
Fowl
is the rendering of the following Heb. words in the Bible:
1. Usually עוֹ (oph, a flier), πετεινόν, any winged animal, a generic term for the feathered race, frequently with the addition of הָּשָּׁמִיַם, of the heavens.
2. עִיַט (a'yit, so called from rushing on. its prey; compare Jer_12:9, where it is spoken of a beast), a ravenous bird (Job_28:7); as an emblem of a warlike king (Isa_46:11); collect for birds of prey (Gen_15:11; Isa_18:6; Eze_39:4). like ὄρνεον, as a vulture (Rev_18:2; Rev_19:17; Rev_19:21); translated fowl in Gen_15:11; Job_28:7; Isa_18:6.
3. צַפּור (tsippor', so called from its twittering; Chald. צַפִּר, Dan_4:9; Dan_4:11; Dan_4:18; Dan_4:30), a small bird, spec. a sparrow (Psa_84:4; Psa_102:8; Pro_26:2; Pro_27:8; Job 40:29 [Job_40:24]; Ecc_12:6, etc.), or similar small birds (Psa_11:1; Psa_104:17; Psa_124:7; as caught by the fowler, Pro_6:5; Pro_7:23; Amo_3:5, etc.; also collect. birds of any kind, Gen_15:10;. Lev_14:4-53 Deu_4:17; Psa_8:9; Psa_148:10 : etc.; and even a bird of prey, Eze_39:4), occasionally rendered by swallow and sparrow. In Neh_5:18, the word seems to have the special sense which fowl has with us, as it is enumerated among the viands provided for Nehemiah's table.
4. בִּרְבֻּרַים(barburim'), fatted fowls, 1Ki_4:23, as provided for the table of Solomon, where Kimchi understands capons, but Gesenius, with the Jerus. Targum, geese, so called from the pureness and whiteness of their plumage: The ancient Egyptians had spacious poultry-yards, set apart for keeping geese and other wild-fowl, which they fattened for the table; and their poulterers bestowed especial care upon the geese (Wilkinson, 1:215; 2:174, abridgm.). SEE FATTED FOWL.
In the N.T. the word translated fowls is most frequently τὰ πετεινά, which comprehends all kinds of birds (including ravens, Luk_12:24).; but in Rev_19:17-21, where the context shows that birds of prey are meant, the Greek is τὰ ὄρνεα. The same distinction is observed in thee apocryphal writings: comp. Jdt_11:7; Sir_17:4; Sir_43:14, with 2Ma_15:33. SEE COCK; SEE SPARROW.
The following statements cover the remaining details. Clean binds כָּלאּצַפּוֹר טְהֹרָח, Deu_14:11; Deu_14:20), i.e., all not named in Lev_11:13-19; Deu_14:12-18, were (as well as their eggs, בֵּיצַים) used for food (Luk_11:12), e.g. quails (q.v.), chickens, doves, also wild-fowl; hence bird-catching was very common (Psa_124:7; Amo_3:5; Hos_5:1; Hos_7:12, etc.), for. which purpose. nets, traps, and stool-birds (Jer_5:27; Sir_11:31 [37]) were used (see Gesen. Thes. page 685). SEE FOWLER. In robbing a nest of its eggs or young, however, the mother-bird must be allowed to escape (Deu_22:6 sq.; see Michaelis, Syntagm. Comm. 2, 89 sq.; Mos. Recht, 3:181 sq.), a prescription founded snot only on motives of humanity (comp. Lev_22:28; yet see Heumans, De legis div. semnsu, Gott. 1748; also in his Nova Sylloge Dissertatt. page 282 sq.); although the Talmudists (Mishna, Chollin, 12:2) refer this only to clean birds, and make many nice distinctions in the matter, with various penalties attached (Maccoth, 3:4). Birds were not regularly offered in sacrifice, except in commutation for some costlier victim (Lev_1:15-17; compare Mishna, Kinnim, 5:11). SEE DOVE.
The bird was first brought to the altar, where the priest (with his nail) nipped off the head, or rather cracked (מלק) thee neck, so that it still hung to the bird (Lev_5:8); he then squeezed out the blood (sufficient, at least, in quantity for sprinkling), and finally threw the body into the fire, but without the crop, which (with its contents and the offal) was separately (ברל) thrown into the ash-heap under the altar. Before the flesh was committed to the flames, however, a folding back or breaking of the wings (שַׁסִּע בּכְנָפָיו) is prescribed, a symbol of which the meaning is not clear (see Dassov, De ave ungue secta, Viteb. 1697; Eskuche, De gall/a et gallisis ad aram Jehovca nonfractisa Rint. 1741). The Talmud mentions geese (אִוָּז, Chol. 12:1; Bekor. 7:4), a well-knows article of luxury with modern Jews. The Hebrews were accustomed to play with parlor-birds, especially children (Job 40:29 [Job_40:24]; Bar_3:17; comp. Catull. 2:1 sq.; Plaut. Capt. 5:4, 5). Of that form of divination which draw omens from the appearance or flight of birds (Muller, Etrusk. 2:187 sq.), an example occurs in the history of the Herodian family (Josephus, Ant. 19:8, 2). SEE SOOTHSAYER. Thee fable of the phoenix (Pliny, 10:2; Ovid, Met. 15:392 sq.; comp. Herod. 2:73) is thought by some (also Ewald) to be alluded to in Job_29:18 (see Gesenius, Thes. Heb. page 453 sq.). See generally Tenzel, in the Thesaur. theol. philol. 1:559 sq. Comp. BIRD.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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