Gallio

VIEW:54 DATA:01-04-2020
who sucks, or lives on milk
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary


GALLIO.—The elder brother of Seneca. According to Acts (Act_18:12-17), he was proconsul of Achala under the Emperor Claudius a.d. 53, when St. Paul was in Corinth. Seneca mentions that his brother contracted fever in Achaia, and thus corroborates Acts. The Jews of Corinth brought St. Paul before Gallio, charging him with persuading men ‘to worship God contrary to the law’ (Act_18:13). When, however, Gallio found that there was no charge of ‘villainy,’ but only of questions which the Jews as a self-administering community were competent to decide for themselves, he drove them from the judgment-seat (Act_18:14 f.). Sosthenes, the ruler of the synagogue, was then dragged before him and beaten; but such ‘Lynch law’ had no effect upon the proconsul (Act_18:17).
Pliny tells us that Gallio after his consulship travelled from Rome to Egypt in consequence of an attack of hæmorrhage from the lungs. Eusebius quotes Jerome as saying that he committed suicide a.d. 65; it is also said that he as well as Seneca was put to death by Nero; but these reports are unsubstantiated. Seneca speaks of him as a man of extreme amiability of character.
Charles T. P. Grierson.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909


Junius Annaeus Gallio, Roman proconsul (Greek, KJV, "deputy ") of Achaia when Paul was at Corinth A.D. 53, under the emperor Claudius. Brother of L. Annaeus Seneca, the philosopher. Adopted into the family, and so took the name, of the rhetorician L. Junins Gallis. His birth name was Marcus Annaeus Novatus (Pliny H. N., 31:33; Tacitus Ann., 15:73, 16:17). He left Achaia "when he began in a fever, often exclaiming that it was not his body, but the place, that had the disease" (Seneca, Ep. 104). "No mortal was ever so sweet to one as Gallio was to all," says his brother, adding: "there is none who does not love Gallio a little, even if he cannot love him more"; "there is such an amount of innate good in him without any savor of art or dissimulation"; "a person proof against plottings." How exactly and undesignedly this independent testimony coincides with Act_18:12-17!
The Jews plotted to destroy Paul by bringing him before Gallio's judgment seat. But he was not to be entrapped into persecuting Christians by the Jews' spiteful maneuver: "if it were a matter of wrong or wicked lewdness, O ye Jews," said he without waiting even to hear Paul's defense, just as the apostle was about to open his mouth, "reason would that I should bear with you; but since it is (Greek) a question of word and names (namely, whether Jesus is the Christ) and your law, look ye to it; for I will be no judge of such matters. And he drove them from the judgment seat." So the Greeks, sympathizing with the deputy's disgust at the Jews' intolerance, beat Sosthenes the chief ruler of the Jews' synagogue "before the judgment seat." And Gallio winked at it, as the Jewish persecutor was only getting himself what he had intended for Paul. Thus God fulfilled His promise (Act_18:10), "Be not afraid, but speak, for I am with thee, and no man shall set on thee to hurt thee, for I have much people in this city."
"Gallio cared for none of these things" does not mean he was careless about the thirsts of God (that probably he was from his easy Epicurean-like temper), but with characteristic indifference to an outbreak provoked by the spite of the Jews he took no notice of the assault. Sosthenes himself seems, by Paul's sympathy in trouble, to have been won to Christ, like Crispus (1Co_1:1). Seneca's execution by Nero made Gallio trembling suppliant for his own life (Tacitus Ann., 15:73). Jerome says he committed suicide A.D. 65. Seneca dedicated to him his treatises On Anger and On a Happy Life. The accuracy of Scripture appears in the title "proconsul" (deputy), for Achaia was made a senatorial province by Claudius seven or eight years before Paul's visit, having been previously an imperial province governed by a legate; and the senatorial provinces alone had "proconsuls."
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.


Gal'lio. (one who lives on milk). Junius Annaeus Gallio, the Roman proconsul of Achaia, when St. Paul was at Corinth, A.D. 53, under the emperor Claudius. Act_18:12. He was brother to Lucius Annaeus Seneca, the philosopher. Jerome, in the Chronicle of Eusebius, says that he committed suicide in 65 A.D. Winer thinks he was put to death by Nero.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863


was the name of the brother of Seneca, the philosopher. He was at first named Marcus Annaeus Novatus; but, being adopted by Lucius Junius Gallio, he took the name of his adoptive father. The Emperor Claudius made him proconsul of Achaia. He was of a mild and agreeable temper. To him his brother Seneca dedicated his books, “Of Anger.” He shared in the fortunes of his brothers, as well when out of favour as in their prosperity at court. At length, Nero put him, as well as them, to death. The Jews were enraged at St. Paul for converting many Gentiles, and dragged him to the tribunal of Gallio, who, as proconsul, generally resided at Corinth, Act_18:12-13. They accused him of teaching “men to worship God contrary to the law.” St. Paul being about to speak, Gallio told the Jews, that if the matter in question were a breach of justice, or an action of a criminal nature, he should think himself obliged to hear them; but, as the dispute was only concerning their law, he would not determine such differences, nor judge them. Sosthenes, the chief ruler of the synagogue, was beaten by the Greeks before Gallio's seat of justice; but this governor did not concern himself about it. His abstaining from interfering in a religious controversy did credit to his prudence; nevertheless, his name has oddly passed into a reproachful proverb; and a man regardless of all piety is called “a Gallio,” and is said “Gallio-like to care for none of these things.” Little did this Roman anticipate that his name would be so immortalized.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.


gal?i-ō (Γαλλίων, Gallı́ōn): The Roman deputy or proconsul of Achaia, before whom Paul was haled by his Jewish accusers on the apostle's first visit to Corinth, during his second missionary journey (Act_18:12-17). The trial was not of long duration. Although Gallio extended his protection to the Jewish religion as one of the religions recognized by the state, he contemptuously rejected the claim of the Jews that their law was binding upon all. In the eyes of the proconsul, the only law universally applicable was that of the Roman code and social morality: under neither was the prisoner chargeable; therefore, without even waiting to hear Paul's speech in his own defense, he summarily ordered his lictors to clear the court. Even the subsequent treatment meted out to Sosthenes, the chief ruler of the synagogue, was to him a matter of indifference. The beating of Sosthenes is ascribed by different readings to ?Jews? and to ?Greeks,? but the incident is referred to by the writer of Acts to show that the sympathies of the populace lay with Paul, and that Gallio made no attempt to suppress them. Gallio has often been instanced as typical of one who is careless or indifferent to religion, yet in the account given of him in Acts, he merely displayed an attitude characteristic of the manner in which Roman governors regarded the religious disputes of the time (compare also LYSIAS; FELIX; FESTUS). Trained by his administrative duties to practical thinking and precision of language, he refused to adjudicate the squabbles of what he regarded as an obscure religious sect, whose law was to him a subtle quibbling with ?words and names.?
According to extra-canonical references, the original name of Gallio was Marcus Annaeus Novatus, but this was changed on his being adopted by the rhetorician, Lucius Junius Gallio. He was born at Cordova, but came to Rome in the reign of Tiberius. He was the brother of the philosopher Seneca, by whom, as also by Statius, reference is made to the affable nature of his character. As Achaia was reconstituted a proconsular province by Claudius in 44 ad, the accession of Gallio to office must have been subsequent to that date, and has been variously placed at 51-53 ad (compare also Knowling in The Expositor's Greek Testament, II, 389-92).

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.


Gal?lio. Junius Annaeus Gallio, elder brother of Seneca the philosopher. His name was originally M. Ann. Novatus, but changed to Jun. Ann. Gallio in consequence of his adoption by Jun. Gallio the rhetorician. Seneca dedicated to him is treatise De Vita Beata, and in the preface to the fourth book of his Naturales Qu?stiones describes him as a man universally beloved; and who, while exempt from all other vices, especially abhorred flattery. According to Eusebius, he committed suicide before the death of Seneca; but Tacitus speaks of him as alive after that event, and Dion Cassius states that he was put to death by order of Nero. He was Proconsul of Achaia (Act_18:12) under the Emperor Claudius, when Paul first visited Corinth, and nobly refused to abet the persecution raised by the Jews against the Apostle. Dr. Lardner has noticed the strict accuracy of Luke in giving him this designation, which is obscured in the Auth. Vers. by the use of the term deputy.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.


Gallio
(Graecized Γαλλίων), a son of the rhetorician M. Annaeus Seneca, and elder brother of Seneca the philosopher. His name was originally MA. Ann. Novatus, but changed to JUNIUS ANNAEUS (or ANNIENUS) GALLIO, in consequence of his adoption by L. Junius Gallio the rhetorician (Pliny, Hist. Nat. 31:33; Tacitus, Annal. 16:17; Quintil. Inst. Orat. 3:1, 21; 9:2, 91). Seneca dedicated to him his treatise De Vita Beata, and in the preface to the fourth book of his Naturales Quaestiones describes him as a man universally beloved (comp. Stat. Silv. 2:7, 32); and who, while exempt from all other vices, especially abhorred flattery. Dion Cassius (60:35) mentions a witty but bitter joke which he made in reference to the persons put to death by Claudius. According to Eusebius, he committed suicide before the death of Seneca (Thesaurus Temporum, page 161, Amstel. 1658), but Tacitus speaks of him as alive after that event (Annal. 15:73), and Dion Cassius states that he was put to death by order of Nero (see Antonii Bibl. Hispan. vet. 1:121 sq.). One writer (Gelpe, Defamiliarit. Pauli c. Senec. Lips. 1813, page 18) thinks that Seneca was converted through .the instrumentality of Paul. He was Proconsul (ἀνθυπατεύοντος, Tex. rec.; ἀνθυπάτου ὔντος, Tischendorf) of Achaia (Act_18:12) under the emperor Claudius, when Paul first visited Corinth. and nobly refused to abet the persecution raised by the Jews against the apostle (see Dannhauer, De Gallionismo, Argent. 1664; also in his Disp. theol. Page 175 sq.), A.D. 49. SEE ACHAIA. Dr. Lardner has noticed the strict accuracy of Luke in giving him this designation, which is obscured in the Auth. Vers. by the use of the term deputy (Credibility, part 1, book 1, chapter 1; Works, 1:34). SEE PRECONSUL. He is said to have resigned the government of Achaia on account of the climate not agreeing with his health (see Sieieca, Ep. 104). SEE PAUL.

CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.





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