Gershon, Gershonites

VIEW:35 DATA:01-04-2020
GERSHON, GERSHONITES.—The name Gershon is given to the eldest son of Levi, to whom a division of the Levites traced their descent (Gen_46:11, Exo_6:16, Num_3:17, 1Ch_6:1; 1Ch_6:16 [Gershom] 1Ch_23:6). The title ‘Gershonites’ is found in Num_3:21; Num_3:23 f., Num_4:24; Num_4:27 f., Num_26:57, Jos_21:33, 1Ch_23:7; 1Ch_26:21, 2Ch_29:12; and of an individual, 1Ch_26:21; 1Ch_29:8; the ‘sons of Gershon’ (Exo_6:17, Num_3:18; Num_3:25; Num_4:22; Num_4:36; Num_4:41; Num_7:7; Num_10:17, Jos_21:6; Jos_21:27), or ‘of Gershom’ (1Ch_6:17; 1Ch_6:62; 1Ch_6:71; 1Ch_15:7). They were subdivided into two groups, the Libnites and the Shimeites (Num_3:21; Num_26:58), each being traced to a ‘son’ of Gershon (Exo_6:17, Num_3:18, 1Ch_6:17; 1Ch_6:20 [42, Shimei is omitted from the genealogy]). ‘Ladan’ stands for Libni in 1Ch_23:7 ff; 1Ch_26:21. From these families fragments of genealogies remain (see 1Ch_23:8-11). Comparatively little is related of the Gershonites after the Exile. Certain of them are mentioned in 1Ch_9:15 and Neh_11:17 a, Neh_11:22 as dwelling in Jerusalem immediately after the Return. Of the ‘sons of Asaph’ (Gershonites), 128 (Ezr_2:41) or 148 (Neh_7:44) returned with Ezra to the city in b.c. 454. Asaphites led the music at the foundation of the Temple (Ezr_3:10); and certain of them blew trumpets in the procession at the dedication of the city walls (Neh_12:25).
P [Note: Priestly Narrative.] and the Chronicler introduce the family into the earlier history. (1) During the desert wanderings the Gershonites were on the west side of the Tent (Num_3:23); their duty was to carry all the hangings which composed the Tent proper, and the outer coverings and the hangings of the court, with their cords (Num_3:25 f., Num_4:24 ff., Num_10:17), for which they were given two wagons and four oxen (Num_7:7); and they were superintended by Ithamar, the youngest son of Aaron (Num_4:33, Num_7:8). (2) After the settlement in Palestine, thirteen cities were assigned to them (Jos_21:6; Jos_21:27-33 = 1Ch_6:62; 1Ch_6:71-76). (3) In David’s reign the Chronicler relates that the Temple music was managed partly by Asaph, a Gershonite, and his family (1Ch_6:39-43; 1Ch_25:1 f., 1Ch_25:6, 1Ch_25:8 a, 1Ch_25:10; 1Ch_25:12; 1Ch_25:14; and see 1Ch_15:7; 1Ch_15:17-19). David divided the Levites into courses ‘according to the sons of Levi’ (1Ch_23:6; Gershonites, 1Ch_23:7-11); and particular offices of Gershonites are stated in 1Ch_26:21 f. (4) Jahaziel, an Asaphite, prophesied to Jehoshaphat before the battle of En-gedi (2Ch_20:14-17). (5) They took part in the cleansing of the Temple under Hezekiah (2Ch_29:12 f.). Cf. also Kohath.
A. H. M‘Neile.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909





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