Alabaster
VIEW:54 DATA:01-04-2020
ALABASTER.See Jewels and Precious Stones.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
Not our gypsum, but the oriental alabaster, translucent, with red, yellow, and gray streaks clue to admixture of oxides of iron with a fibrouscarbonate of lime. A calcareous marble like spar, wrought into boxes or vessels, to keep precious ointments from spoiling (Pliny H. N., 13:8). Mar_14:3; "broke the box," i.e., broke the seal on the mouth of it, put there to prevent, evaporation of the odor (Luk_7:37).
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Alabaster. From the Arabic 'al bastraton', a whitish stone or from Alabastron, the place in Egypt where it is found. It occurs only in Mat_26:7; Mar_14:3; Luk_7:37. The ancients considered alabaster to be the best material in which to preserve their ointments. The Oriental alabaster (referred to in the Bible) is a translucent carbonate of lime, formed on the floors of limestone caves by the percolation of water.
It is of the same material as our marbles, but differently formed. It is usually clouded or banded like agate, hence, sometimes called onyx marble. Our common alabaster is different from this, being a variety of gypsum or sulphate of lime, used in its finer forms for vases, etc.; in the coarser, it is ground up for plaster of Paris. The noted sculptured slabs from Nineveh are made of this material.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
Αλαβαστρον, the name of a genus of fossils nearly allied to marble. It is a bright elegant stone, sometimes of a snowy whiteness. It may be cut freely, and is capable of a fine polish; and, being of a soft nature, it is wrought into any form or figure with ease. Vases or cruises were anciently made of it, wherein to preserve odoriferous liquors and ointments. Pliny and others represent it as peculiarly proper for this purpose; and the druggists in Egypt have, at this day, vessels made of it, in which they keep their medicines and perfumes.
In Mat_26:6-7, we read that Jesus being at table in Bethany, in the house of Simon the leper, a woman came thither and poured an alabaster box of ointment on his head. St. Mark adds, She brake the box, which merely refers to the seal upon the vase which closed it, and kept the perfume from evaporating. This had never been removed, but was on this occasion broken, that is, first opened.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
al?a-bas-tẽr (ἀλαβάστρον, alábastron (Mat_26:7; Mar_14:3; Luk_7:37)): In modern mineralogy alabaster is crystalline gypsum or sulphate of lime. The Greek word alabastron or alabastos meant a stone casket or vase, and alabastites was used for the stone of which the casket was made. This stone was usually crystalline stalagmitic rock or carbonate of lime, now often called oriental alabaster, to distinguish it from gypsum. The word occurs in the Bible only in the three passages of the Synoptic Gospels cited above. See BOX.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Fig. 22?Perfume containers
This word occurs in the New Testament only in the notice of the 'alabaster box,' or rather vessel, of 'ointment of spikenard, very precious,' which a woman broke, and with its valuable contents anointed the head of Jesus, as he sat at supper in Bethany in the house of Simon the leper (Mat_26:7; Mar_14:3). At Alabastron, in Egypt, there was a manufactory of small pots and vessels for holding perfumes, which were made from a stone found in the neighboring mountains. The Greeks gave to these vessels the name of the city from which they came. This name was eventually extended to the stone of which they were formed; and at length it was applied without distinction to all perfume vessels, of whatever materials they consisted. It does not, therefore, by any means follow that the alabastron which the woman used at Bethany was really of alabaster: but a probability that it was such arises from the fact, that vessels made of this stone were deemed peculiarly suitable for the most costly and powerful perfumes.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Alabaster
(Α᾿λάβαστρον) occurs in the N.T. only in the notice of the "alabaster box," or rather vessel, of "ointment of spikenard, very precious," which a woman broke, and with its valuable contents anointed the head of Jesus as he sat at supper, once at Bethany and once in Galilee (Mat_26:7; Mar_14:3; Luk_7:37). At Alabastron, in Egypt, there was a manufactory of small pots and vessels for holding perfumes (Ptolemy 4:5), which were made from a stone found in the neighboring mountains (Irwin's Travels, p. 382). The Greeks gave to these vessels the name of the city from which they came, calling them alabastra. This name was eventually extended to the stone of which they were formed; and at length the term alabastron was applied without distinction to all perfume vessels of whatever materials they consisted. (Herod. 3, 20; AElian, Var. Hist. 12, 18; Theocr. 15:114; Lucian, Asin. 51; Petron. Sat. 60; Pliny, 9:56; comp. Wetstein, 1:515; Kype, Obs. 1, 188.) The material, although sometimes colored, was usually white, which was the most esteemed (Athen. 15:686). Theocritus speaks of golden alabastra (Idyl. 15, 114); and perfume vessels of different kinds of stone, of glass, ivory, bone, and shells, have been found in the Egyptian tombs (Wilkinson, 3, 379). It does not, therefore, by any means follow that the alabastron which the woman used at Bethany was really of alabaster, but a probability that it was such arises from the fact that vessels made of this stone were deemed peculiarly suitable for the most costly and powerful perfumes (Pliny Hist. Nat. 13, 2; 36:8, 24). The woman is said to have broken" the vessel, which is explained by supposing that it was one of those shaped somewhat like a Florence oil-flask, with a long and narrow neck; and the mouth being curiously and firmly sealed up, the usual and easiest; way of getting at the contents was to break off the upper part of the neck. The alabastrum mentioned in the Gospels was, according to Epiphanius, a measure containing one cotyla, or about half a pint (Smith's Dict. of Class. Antiq. s.v.). The word itself is, however, properly the name of the substance of which the box was formed, and hence in 2Ki_21:13, the Sept. use ὁ ἀλάβαστρος for the Hebrew צִלִּחִת(tsallach-ath, a dish, patina, λήκυθος, ampulla). Horace (Od. 4, 12) uses onyx in the same way. Alabaster is a calcareous spar, resembling marble, but softer and more easily worked, and therefore very suitable for being wrought into boxes (Pliny, 3, 20). The alabastra were not usually made of that white and soft gypsum to which the name of alabaster is now for the most part confined. Dr. John Hill, in his notes on Theophrastus, sets this matter in a clear light, distinguishing the alabastrites of naturalists as hard, and he adds: "This stone was by the Greeks called also sometimes onyx, and by the Latins marmor onychites, from its use in making boxes to preserve precious ointments, which boxes were commonly called 'onyxes' and 'alabasters.' So Dioscorides interprets." It is apprehended that, from certain appearances common to both, the same name was given not only to the common alabaster, called by mineralogists gypsum, and by chemists sulfate of lime, but also to the carbonate of lime, or that harder stone from which the alabastra were usually made (Penny Cyclopcedia, s.v.).
By the English word alabaster is likewise to be understood both that kind which is also known by the name of gypsum, and the Oriental alabaster which is so much valued on account of its translucency, and for its variety of colored streakings, red, yellow, gray, etc., which it owes for the most part to the admixture of oxides of iron. The latter is a fibrous carbonate of lime, of which there are many varieties, satin spar being one of the most common. The former is a hydrous sulfate of lime, and forms, when calcimined and ground, the well-known substance called plaster of Paris. Both these kinds of alabaster, but especially the latter, are and have been long used for various ornamental purposes, such as the fabrication of vases, boxes, etc., etc. The ancients considered alabaster (carbonate of lime) to be the best material in which to preserve their ointments (Pliny, H. N. 13, 3). Herodotus (3, 20) mentions an alabaster vessel of ointment which Cambyses sent, among other things, as a present to the AEthiopians. Hammond (Annotat. ad Matthew 26, 7) quotes Plutarch, Julius Pollux, and Atheneus, to show that alabaster was the material in which ointments were wont to be kept. Pliny (9, 56) tells us that the usual form of these alabaster vessels was long and slender at the top, and round and full at the bottom. He likens them to the long pearls, called elenchi, which the Roman ladies suspended from their fingers or dangled from their ears. He compares also the green pointed cone of a rose-bud to the form of an alabaster ointment- vessel (It. N. 21, 4). The onyx (Hor. Od. 4, 12, 17, "Nardi parvus onyx"), which Pliny says is another name for alabastrites, must not be confounded with the precious stone of that name, which is a sub-species of the quartz family of minerals, being a variety of agate. Perhaps the name of onyx was given to the pink-colored variety of the calcareous alabaster, in allusion to its resembling the finger-nail (onyx) in color, or else because the calcareous alabaster bears some resemblance to the agate onyx in the characteristic lunar-shaped mark of the last-named stone, which mark reminded the ancients of the whitish semicircular spot at the base of the finger-nail. SEE MARBLE; SEE VASE.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
Not our gypsum, but the oriental alabaster, translucent, with red, yellow, and gray streaks clue to admixture of oxides of iron with a fibrouscarbonate of lime. A calcareous marble like spar, wrought into boxes or vessels, to keep precious ointments from spoiling (Pliny H. N., 13:8). Mar_14:3; "broke the box," i.e., broke the seal on the mouth of it, put there to prevent, evaporation of the odor (Luk_7:37).
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Alabaster. From the Arabic 'al bastraton', a whitish stone or from Alabastron, the place in Egypt where it is found. It occurs only in Mat_26:7; Mar_14:3; Luk_7:37. The ancients considered alabaster to be the best material in which to preserve their ointments. The Oriental alabaster (referred to in the Bible) is a translucent carbonate of lime, formed on the floors of limestone caves by the percolation of water.
It is of the same material as our marbles, but differently formed. It is usually clouded or banded like agate, hence, sometimes called onyx marble. Our common alabaster is different from this, being a variety of gypsum or sulphate of lime, used in its finer forms for vases, etc.; in the coarser, it is ground up for plaster of Paris. The noted sculptured slabs from Nineveh are made of this material.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
Αλαβαστρον, the name of a genus of fossils nearly allied to marble. It is a bright elegant stone, sometimes of a snowy whiteness. It may be cut freely, and is capable of a fine polish; and, being of a soft nature, it is wrought into any form or figure with ease. Vases or cruises were anciently made of it, wherein to preserve odoriferous liquors and ointments. Pliny and others represent it as peculiarly proper for this purpose; and the druggists in Egypt have, at this day, vessels made of it, in which they keep their medicines and perfumes.
In Mat_26:6-7, we read that Jesus being at table in Bethany, in the house of Simon the leper, a woman came thither and poured an alabaster box of ointment on his head. St. Mark adds, She brake the box, which merely refers to the seal upon the vase which closed it, and kept the perfume from evaporating. This had never been removed, but was on this occasion broken, that is, first opened.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
al?a-bas-tẽr (ἀλαβάστρον, alábastron (Mat_26:7; Mar_14:3; Luk_7:37)): In modern mineralogy alabaster is crystalline gypsum or sulphate of lime. The Greek word alabastron or alabastos meant a stone casket or vase, and alabastites was used for the stone of which the casket was made. This stone was usually crystalline stalagmitic rock or carbonate of lime, now often called oriental alabaster, to distinguish it from gypsum. The word occurs in the Bible only in the three passages of the Synoptic Gospels cited above. See BOX.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Fig. 22?Perfume containers
This word occurs in the New Testament only in the notice of the 'alabaster box,' or rather vessel, of 'ointment of spikenard, very precious,' which a woman broke, and with its valuable contents anointed the head of Jesus, as he sat at supper in Bethany in the house of Simon the leper (Mat_26:7; Mar_14:3). At Alabastron, in Egypt, there was a manufactory of small pots and vessels for holding perfumes, which were made from a stone found in the neighboring mountains. The Greeks gave to these vessels the name of the city from which they came. This name was eventually extended to the stone of which they were formed; and at length it was applied without distinction to all perfume vessels, of whatever materials they consisted. It does not, therefore, by any means follow that the alabastron which the woman used at Bethany was really of alabaster: but a probability that it was such arises from the fact, that vessels made of this stone were deemed peculiarly suitable for the most costly and powerful perfumes.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Alabaster
(Α᾿λάβαστρον) occurs in the N.T. only in the notice of the "alabaster box," or rather vessel, of "ointment of spikenard, very precious," which a woman broke, and with its valuable contents anointed the head of Jesus as he sat at supper, once at Bethany and once in Galilee (Mat_26:7; Mar_14:3; Luk_7:37). At Alabastron, in Egypt, there was a manufactory of small pots and vessels for holding perfumes (Ptolemy 4:5), which were made from a stone found in the neighboring mountains (Irwin's Travels, p. 382). The Greeks gave to these vessels the name of the city from which they came, calling them alabastra. This name was eventually extended to the stone of which they were formed; and at length the term alabastron was applied without distinction to all perfume vessels of whatever materials they consisted. (Herod. 3, 20; AElian, Var. Hist. 12, 18; Theocr. 15:114; Lucian, Asin. 51; Petron. Sat. 60; Pliny, 9:56; comp. Wetstein, 1:515; Kype, Obs. 1, 188.) The material, although sometimes colored, was usually white, which was the most esteemed (Athen. 15:686). Theocritus speaks of golden alabastra (Idyl. 15, 114); and perfume vessels of different kinds of stone, of glass, ivory, bone, and shells, have been found in the Egyptian tombs (Wilkinson, 3, 379). It does not, therefore, by any means follow that the alabastron which the woman used at Bethany was really of alabaster, but a probability that it was such arises from the fact that vessels made of this stone were deemed peculiarly suitable for the most costly and powerful perfumes (Pliny Hist. Nat. 13, 2; 36:8, 24). The woman is said to have broken" the vessel, which is explained by supposing that it was one of those shaped somewhat like a Florence oil-flask, with a long and narrow neck; and the mouth being curiously and firmly sealed up, the usual and easiest; way of getting at the contents was to break off the upper part of the neck. The alabastrum mentioned in the Gospels was, according to Epiphanius, a measure containing one cotyla, or about half a pint (Smith's Dict. of Class. Antiq. s.v.). The word itself is, however, properly the name of the substance of which the box was formed, and hence in 2Ki_21:13, the Sept. use ὁ ἀλάβαστρος for the Hebrew צִלִּחִת(tsallach-ath, a dish, patina, λήκυθος, ampulla). Horace (Od. 4, 12) uses onyx in the same way. Alabaster is a calcareous spar, resembling marble, but softer and more easily worked, and therefore very suitable for being wrought into boxes (Pliny, 3, 20). The alabastra were not usually made of that white and soft gypsum to which the name of alabaster is now for the most part confined. Dr. John Hill, in his notes on Theophrastus, sets this matter in a clear light, distinguishing the alabastrites of naturalists as hard, and he adds: "This stone was by the Greeks called also sometimes onyx, and by the Latins marmor onychites, from its use in making boxes to preserve precious ointments, which boxes were commonly called 'onyxes' and 'alabasters.' So Dioscorides interprets." It is apprehended that, from certain appearances common to both, the same name was given not only to the common alabaster, called by mineralogists gypsum, and by chemists sulfate of lime, but also to the carbonate of lime, or that harder stone from which the alabastra were usually made (Penny Cyclopcedia, s.v.).
By the English word alabaster is likewise to be understood both that kind which is also known by the name of gypsum, and the Oriental alabaster which is so much valued on account of its translucency, and for its variety of colored streakings, red, yellow, gray, etc., which it owes for the most part to the admixture of oxides of iron. The latter is a fibrous carbonate of lime, of which there are many varieties, satin spar being one of the most common. The former is a hydrous sulfate of lime, and forms, when calcimined and ground, the well-known substance called plaster of Paris. Both these kinds of alabaster, but especially the latter, are and have been long used for various ornamental purposes, such as the fabrication of vases, boxes, etc., etc. The ancients considered alabaster (carbonate of lime) to be the best material in which to preserve their ointments (Pliny, H. N. 13, 3). Herodotus (3, 20) mentions an alabaster vessel of ointment which Cambyses sent, among other things, as a present to the AEthiopians. Hammond (Annotat. ad Matthew 26, 7) quotes Plutarch, Julius Pollux, and Atheneus, to show that alabaster was the material in which ointments were wont to be kept. Pliny (9, 56) tells us that the usual form of these alabaster vessels was long and slender at the top, and round and full at the bottom. He likens them to the long pearls, called elenchi, which the Roman ladies suspended from their fingers or dangled from their ears. He compares also the green pointed cone of a rose-bud to the form of an alabaster ointment- vessel (It. N. 21, 4). The onyx (Hor. Od. 4, 12, 17, "Nardi parvus onyx"), which Pliny says is another name for alabastrites, must not be confounded with the precious stone of that name, which is a sub-species of the quartz family of minerals, being a variety of agate. Perhaps the name of onyx was given to the pink-colored variety of the calcareous alabaster, in allusion to its resembling the finger-nail (onyx) in color, or else because the calcareous alabaster bears some resemblance to the agate onyx in the characteristic lunar-shaped mark of the last-named stone, which mark reminded the ancients of the whitish semicircular spot at the base of the finger-nail. SEE MARBLE; SEE VASE.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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