Jasper
VIEW:39 DATA:01-04-2020
JASPER.See Jewels and Precious Stones, p. 467a.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
Last of the gems in the high priest's breast-plate (Exo_28:20), probably the green jasper. In Rev_21:19 it is first of New Jerusalem's foundations. It represents watery crystalline brightness, symbol of purity: Rev_21:11, "her light was like unto a stone most precious, even like a jasper stone, clear as crystal." "He that sat upon the throne (Rev_4:3) was to look upon like a jasper." Ebrard thinks the diamond is meant. The common jasper has various wavy colors, somewhat transparent. The king of Tyre (Eze_28:13) has the jasper with eight other of the high-priest's 12 precious stones, as type of antichrist who usurps Christ's high-priesthood combined with kingship (Zec_6:13).
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Jasper. A precious stone frequently noticed in Scripture. It was the last of the twelve inserted in the high priest's breastplate, Exo_28:20; Exo_39:13, and the first of the twelve used in the foundations of the new Jerusalem. Rev_21:19.
The characteristics of the stone, as far as they are specified in Scripture, Rev_21:11, are that it "was most precious," and "like crystal;" we may also infer from Rev_4:3, that it was a stone of brilliant and transparent light. The stone which we name "jasper" does not accord with this description. There can be no doubt that the diamond would more adequately answer to the description in the book of Revelation.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
ישפה , Exo_28:20; Exo_39:13; and Eze_28:13; ιασπις, Rev_4:3; Rev_21:11; Rev_21:18-19. The Greek and Latin name, jaspis, as well as the English jasper, is plainly derived from the Hebrew, and leaves little room to doubt what species of gem is meant by the original word. The jasper is usually defined, a hard stone, of a bright, beautiful, green colour; sometimes clouded with white, and spotted with red or yellow.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
Our word Jasper is plainly from the Greek jaspis, which comes from the Hebrew word yashpeh. Jasper is a species of the quartz family, and embraces a great many varieties. The brown Egyptian variety was perhaps the one selected for the breastplate of the high-priest (Exo_28:20; Exo_39:13). The brown is of various shades, disposed in concentric stripes. It occurs loose in the sands of Egypt, and is cut into ornaments.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Rev_4:3 (c) Probably a very valuable stone, translucent or transparent, typical of the preciousness of our GOD in whom there is no flaw, defilement, evil, nor spot of any kind. He was beautiful, precious, valuable and attractive. (See also Rev_21:11).
Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types
press 1957.
Jasper
(י שְׁפֶה,yashepheh', prob. polished or glittering, ἴασπις), a gem of various colors, as purple, cerulean but mostly green like the emerald, although duller in hue (Plily, Nat. Hist. 37:8, 9; Epiphaluius, De Gemmis, § 6; Braun, De Vest. Sacerdot. 2, 19). It was the last of the twelve inserted in the high-priest's breastplate (Exo_28:20; Exo_39:13), and the first of the twelve used in the foundation of the new Jerusalem (Rev_21:19): the difference in the order seems to show that no emblematical importance was attached to that feature. It was the stone employed in the superstructure (ἐνδόμησις): of the wall of the new Jerusalem (Rev_21:18). It further appears among the stones which adorned the king of Tyre (Eze_28:13). Lastly, it is the emblematical image of the glory of the divine Being (Rev_4:3). The characteristics of the stone, as far as they are specified in Scripture (Rev_21:11) rare that it was.' most precious,' and like crystal' (κρυσταλλίζων); not exactly clear as crystal,' as in the A.V., but of a crystal hue: the term is applied to it in this sense by Dioscorides (5. 160: λίθος ἰάσπις ὁ μὲν τίς ἐστι σμαραγδιζων ὁ δὲ κρυσταλλóδης). We may also infer from Rev_4:3 that it was a stone of brilliant and transparent light. The ancient jasper thus appears to have been frequently translucent, but the modern is opaque. A brown variety existed in Egypt. The jasper of the ancients, therefore, comprehended various precious stones not readily identifiable (Rosenmüller, Bibl. Alterthum, IV, 1, 42; Moore's Anc. Min. p. 163). What is now properly called jasper by mineralogists is a sub-species of rhomboidal quartz, of several varieties, mostly the common, the Egyptian, and the striped; of different colors-whitish; yellow, green, reddish, etc., sometimes spotted or banded; occurring either in masses or loose crystals, and susceptible of a fine polish (see the Lond. Encyclopedia, s.v.). SEE GEMI.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
Last of the gems in the high priest's breast-plate (Exo_28:20), probably the green jasper. In Rev_21:19 it is first of New Jerusalem's foundations. It represents watery crystalline brightness, symbol of purity: Rev_21:11, "her light was like unto a stone most precious, even like a jasper stone, clear as crystal." "He that sat upon the throne (Rev_4:3) was to look upon like a jasper." Ebrard thinks the diamond is meant. The common jasper has various wavy colors, somewhat transparent. The king of Tyre (Eze_28:13) has the jasper with eight other of the high-priest's 12 precious stones, as type of antichrist who usurps Christ's high-priesthood combined with kingship (Zec_6:13).
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Jasper. A precious stone frequently noticed in Scripture. It was the last of the twelve inserted in the high priest's breastplate, Exo_28:20; Exo_39:13, and the first of the twelve used in the foundations of the new Jerusalem. Rev_21:19.
The characteristics of the stone, as far as they are specified in Scripture, Rev_21:11, are that it "was most precious," and "like crystal;" we may also infer from Rev_4:3, that it was a stone of brilliant and transparent light. The stone which we name "jasper" does not accord with this description. There can be no doubt that the diamond would more adequately answer to the description in the book of Revelation.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
ישפה , Exo_28:20; Exo_39:13; and Eze_28:13; ιασπις, Rev_4:3; Rev_21:11; Rev_21:18-19. The Greek and Latin name, jaspis, as well as the English jasper, is plainly derived from the Hebrew, and leaves little room to doubt what species of gem is meant by the original word. The jasper is usually defined, a hard stone, of a bright, beautiful, green colour; sometimes clouded with white, and spotted with red or yellow.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
Our word Jasper is plainly from the Greek jaspis, which comes from the Hebrew word yashpeh. Jasper is a species of the quartz family, and embraces a great many varieties. The brown Egyptian variety was perhaps the one selected for the breastplate of the high-priest (Exo_28:20; Exo_39:13). The brown is of various shades, disposed in concentric stripes. It occurs loose in the sands of Egypt, and is cut into ornaments.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Rev_4:3 (c) Probably a very valuable stone, translucent or transparent, typical of the preciousness of our GOD in whom there is no flaw, defilement, evil, nor spot of any kind. He was beautiful, precious, valuable and attractive. (See also Rev_21:11).
Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types
press 1957.
Jasper
(י שְׁפֶה,yashepheh', prob. polished or glittering, ἴασπις), a gem of various colors, as purple, cerulean but mostly green like the emerald, although duller in hue (Plily, Nat. Hist. 37:8, 9; Epiphaluius, De Gemmis, § 6; Braun, De Vest. Sacerdot. 2, 19). It was the last of the twelve inserted in the high-priest's breastplate (Exo_28:20; Exo_39:13), and the first of the twelve used in the foundation of the new Jerusalem (Rev_21:19): the difference in the order seems to show that no emblematical importance was attached to that feature. It was the stone employed in the superstructure (ἐνδόμησις): of the wall of the new Jerusalem (Rev_21:18). It further appears among the stones which adorned the king of Tyre (Eze_28:13). Lastly, it is the emblematical image of the glory of the divine Being (Rev_4:3). The characteristics of the stone, as far as they are specified in Scripture (Rev_21:11) rare that it was.' most precious,' and like crystal' (κρυσταλλίζων); not exactly clear as crystal,' as in the A.V., but of a crystal hue: the term is applied to it in this sense by Dioscorides (5. 160: λίθος ἰάσπις ὁ μὲν τίς ἐστι σμαραγδιζων ὁ δὲ κρυσταλλóδης). We may also infer from Rev_4:3 that it was a stone of brilliant and transparent light. The ancient jasper thus appears to have been frequently translucent, but the modern is opaque. A brown variety existed in Egypt. The jasper of the ancients, therefore, comprehended various precious stones not readily identifiable (Rosenmüller, Bibl. Alterthum, IV, 1, 42; Moore's Anc. Min. p. 163). What is now properly called jasper by mineralogists is a sub-species of rhomboidal quartz, of several varieties, mostly the common, the Egyptian, and the striped; of different colors-whitish; yellow, green, reddish, etc., sometimes spotted or banded; occurring either in masses or loose crystals, and susceptible of a fine polish (see the Lond. Encyclopedia, s.v.). SEE GEMI.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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