Kedar
VIEW:32 DATA:01-04-2020
blackness; sorrow
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
KEDAR.The name of a nomadic people, living to the east of Palestine, whom P [Note: Priestly Narrative.] (Gen_25:13) regards as a division of the Ishmaelites. Jeremiah (Jer_49:28) counts them among the sons of the East, and in Jer_2:10 refers to them as symbolic of the East, as he does to Citium in Cyprus as symbolic of the West. In Isaiah (Isa_21:17) they are said to produce skilful archers, to live in villages (Isa_42:11), and (Isa_60:7) to be devoted to sheep-breeding. The latter passage also associates them with the Nebaioth. Jeremiah alludes also (Jer_49:29) to their nomadic life, to their sheep, camels, tents, and curtains. Ezekiel (Eze_27:21) couples them with Arab. [Note: Arabic.] and speaks of their trade with Tyre in lambs, rams, and goats. In Psa_120:5 Kedar is used as the type of barbarous unfeeling people, and in Son_1:5 their tents are used as a symbol of blackness. The Assyrian king Ashurbanipal (b.c. 668626), in his account of his Arabian campaign (cf. KIB [Note: IB Keilinschriftliche Bibliothek.] ii. 223), mentions the Kedarites in connexion with the Aribi (the Arab of Ezekiel) and the Nebaioth, and speaks of the booty, in asses, camels, and sheep, which he took. It is evident that they were Bedouin, living in black tents such as one sees in the southern and eastern parts of Palestine to-day, who were rich in such possessions as pertain to nomads, and also skilful in war.
George A. Barton.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
("black skinned".) Ishmael's second son (Gen_25:13; Isa_21:16-17; Isa_42:11; Isa_60:7; Jer_49:28; Eze_27:21), occupying the pastures and wilds on the N.W. side of Arabia. Representing the Arabs in general, with flocks, and goat's or camel's hair tents, black as their own complexion (Son_1:5; Psa_120:5). "I dwell in the tents of Kedar, my soul hath long dwelt with him that hateth peace." Warriors and archers, among the marauding "children" or "men of the East," Bent Kedem; loving strife, true sons of Ishmael, of whom the Angel of Jehovah said "he will be a wild man, his hand will be against every man and every man's hand against him" (Gen_16:12).
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Ke'dar. (dark-skinned). The second, in order, of the sons of Ishmael, Gen_25:13; 1Ch_1:29, and the name of a great tribe of Arabs settled on the northwest of the peninsula and on the confines of Palestine. The "glory of Kedar" is recorded by the prophet Isaiah, Isa_21:13-17, in the burden upon Arabia; and its importance may also be inferred from the "princes of Kedar" mentioned by Ezekiel, Eze_27:21 , as well as the pastoral character of the tribe.
They appear also to have been, like the wandering tribes of the present day, "archers" and "mighty men." Isa_21:17. Compare Psa_120:5. That they also settled in villages or towns, we find from Isaiah. Isa_42:11. The tribe seems to have been one of the most conspicuous of all the Ishmaelite tribes, and hence, the rabbins call the Arabians universally by this name.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
This name signifies black in the original; and hence Bochart concludes that it refers to a people or tribe of Arabs who were more than others burned by the sun; but none of the Arabs are black. The name is also supposed to refer to the black tents made of felt, which are still in use; and Son_1:5, is quoted in support of this usage of the word: I
am black, but comely as the tents of Kedar. But the Arabic root is by some said to signify power and dignity. Kedar was the second son of Ishmael, whose family probably became more numerous, or more warlike, than those of his brethren, and so took precedence of name. This latter supposition appears probable from the manner in which they are mentioned by Isaiah, Isa_21:16-17, who speaks of the glory of Kedar, and the archers and mighty men of Kedar. Their flocks are also spoken of by the same Prophet, Isa_60:7, together with those of Nebaioth, whose tribe or family both shared and outlived the glory of Kedar.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
Kedar was the name of a nomadic tribal group of northern Arabia. The people of Kedar lived in tents, kept flocks of sheep and goats, and dealt shrewdly in various trading activities (Psa_120:5; Isa_60:7; Jer_49:28-29; Eze_27:21; see ARABIA).
Bridgeway Bible Dictionary by Don Fleming
PRINTER 1990.
kē?dar (קדר, ḳēdhār; Κηδάρ, Kēdâr): Second in order of the sons of Ishmael (Gen_25:13 parallel 1Ch_1:29). The name occurs as typical of a distant eastern country in opposition to the lands of the Mediterranean (Jer_2:10). The author of Second Isa introduces this tribe in company with Nebaioth, and both are represented as owners of flocks (Isa_60:7). Evidence of their nomadic habits appears in Jer_49:28, Jer_49:29, where they are classed among the Benē-Ḳedhem, and mention is made of their flocks, camels, tents, curtains and furniture. They are spoken of (Isa_42:11) as dwelling in ḥăcērı̄m (?villages?), from which it would appear that they were a somewhat settled tribe, corresponding to the Arabic ḥaḍarı̄ya or ?town-dwellers,? as distinct from wabarı̄ya or ?nomads.? Ezekiel (Eze_27:21) gives another hint of their pastoral nature where, in his detailed picture of the wealth of Tyre, Kedar and Arabia provide the Tyrians with lambs, rams and goats. The fame of the tribe is further reflected in Isa_21:16, Isa_21:17 (the only allusion to their might in war), and in the figurative references to their tents (Psa_120:5; Son_1:5). In this last passage where the tents are made symbolic of dark beauty, the word ḳādhar (?to be black?) may have been in the writer's mind.
The settlements of Kedar were probably in the Northwest of Arabia, not far from the borders of Palestine. Assyrian inscriptions have thrown light upon the history of the tribe. There Kedar is mentioned along with the Arabs and Nebaioth, which decides its identity with Kedar of the Old Testament, and there is found also an account of the conflicts between the tribe and King Assurbanipal (see Margoliouth in HDB).
Of the Ishmaelite tribes, Kedar must have been one of the most important, and thus in later times the name came to be applied to all the wild tribes of the desert. It is through Kedar (Arabic, keidar) that Muslim genealogists trace the descent of Mohammed from Ishmael.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
K?edar (black), a son of Ishmael, and the name of the tribe of which he was the founder. The name is sometimes used in Scripture as that of the Bedouins generally, probably because this tribe was the nearest to them, and was best acquainted with them (Son_1:5; Isa_21:16-17; Isa_60:7). A great deal of speculation founded upon the meaning of the word, namely, 'black,' may be dismissed as wholly useless. The Kedarenes were so called from Kedar, and not because they lived in 'black' tents, or because they were 'blackened' by the hot sun of Southern Arabia; neither of which circumstances could, even if true, have been foreseen at the time that Kedar received his name.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Kedar
(Heb. Kedar', קֵדָר, dark-skinned; Sept. Κηδάρ), the second son of Ishmael, and founder of the tribe that bore his name (Gen_25:13). B.C. post 2061. The name is used in Scripture as that of the Bedouins generally, whose characteristic traits are ascribed to them (Son_1:5; Isa_21:16; Isa_42:11; Isa_60:7; Jer_2:10; Jer_49:28; Eze_27:21); more fully, "sons of Kedar" (בֶּנֵי קֵדָר, Isa_21:17); in Psa_120:5, Kedar and Mesech are put for barbarous tribes Rabbinical writers expressly identify them with the Arabians (Pseudojon. on Genesis 25, and the Targum on Psalms 120; comp. the Jewish expression " tongue of Kedar" for the Arabic language), and the Arabs acknowledge the paternity (Pococke, Spec. 46). The Kedarenes (as they were called in later times) do not appear to have lived in. the immediate neighborhood of Judcea (Jer_2:10; comp. Psa_120:5). Jerome (Onomast. s.v. Μαδιάν) places them in the Saracenic desert, on the east of the Red Sea, which identifies them with the Cedrei of Pliny (v, 12) as neighbors of the Nabatheans (comp. Isa_40:7). Stephen of Byzantium reckons them (Κεδρανῖται) as inhabitants of Arabia Felix; but Theodoret (on Psalms 109) assigns them a locality near Babylon (see Reland, Palcest. p. 86 sq.).
Ptolemy calls them Darrce (Geog. 6:7), evidently a corruption of the ancient Hebrew; and Forster supposes that it is the same people Arrian refers to as the Kanraitce, which he thinks should be read Kadraitce (Geogr. of Arabia, i, 247). A very ancient Arab tradition states that Kedar settled in the Hejaz, the country round Mecca and Medina, and that his descendants have ever since ruled there (Abulfedae Hist. Anteislamica, ed. Fleischer, p. 192). From Kedar sprung, the distinguished tribe of Koreish, to which Mohammed belonged (Caussin, Essai,i, 175 sq.). Of the history of the head of the tribe little is known, but his posterity are described as being rich in flocks of sheep and goats, in which they traded with the Syrians (Eze_27:21; Jeremiah 49:49), as dwelling in tents of black hair (Son_1:5), though some of them occupied cities and villages ( ערים and חצרים; Isa_43:11) in the midst of the wilderness of Arabia, apparently in a mountainous and rocky district, and as being skilful in the use of the bow (Isa_21:17); particulars which eminently agree with all descriptions of the manners and mode of life of the nomade Arabs bordering Palestine on the east, from the Red Sea to Asia Minor (Wellsted, Travels in Arabia, ii, 231 sq.; Wallin, in the Journ. of R. Geog. Soc. vols. xx and xxiv). SEE ARABIA.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
KEDAR.The name of a nomadic people, living to the east of Palestine, whom P [Note: Priestly Narrative.] (Gen_25:13) regards as a division of the Ishmaelites. Jeremiah (Jer_49:28) counts them among the sons of the East, and in Jer_2:10 refers to them as symbolic of the East, as he does to Citium in Cyprus as symbolic of the West. In Isaiah (Isa_21:17) they are said to produce skilful archers, to live in villages (Isa_42:11), and (Isa_60:7) to be devoted to sheep-breeding. The latter passage also associates them with the Nebaioth. Jeremiah alludes also (Jer_49:29) to their nomadic life, to their sheep, camels, tents, and curtains. Ezekiel (Eze_27:21) couples them with Arab. [Note: Arabic.] and speaks of their trade with Tyre in lambs, rams, and goats. In Psa_120:5 Kedar is used as the type of barbarous unfeeling people, and in Son_1:5 their tents are used as a symbol of blackness. The Assyrian king Ashurbanipal (b.c. 668626), in his account of his Arabian campaign (cf. KIB [Note: IB Keilinschriftliche Bibliothek.] ii. 223), mentions the Kedarites in connexion with the Aribi (the Arab of Ezekiel) and the Nebaioth, and speaks of the booty, in asses, camels, and sheep, which he took. It is evident that they were Bedouin, living in black tents such as one sees in the southern and eastern parts of Palestine to-day, who were rich in such possessions as pertain to nomads, and also skilful in war.
George A. Barton.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
("black skinned".) Ishmael's second son (Gen_25:13; Isa_21:16-17; Isa_42:11; Isa_60:7; Jer_49:28; Eze_27:21), occupying the pastures and wilds on the N.W. side of Arabia. Representing the Arabs in general, with flocks, and goat's or camel's hair tents, black as their own complexion (Son_1:5; Psa_120:5). "I dwell in the tents of Kedar, my soul hath long dwelt with him that hateth peace." Warriors and archers, among the marauding "children" or "men of the East," Bent Kedem; loving strife, true sons of Ishmael, of whom the Angel of Jehovah said "he will be a wild man, his hand will be against every man and every man's hand against him" (Gen_16:12).
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Ke'dar. (dark-skinned). The second, in order, of the sons of Ishmael, Gen_25:13; 1Ch_1:29, and the name of a great tribe of Arabs settled on the northwest of the peninsula and on the confines of Palestine. The "glory of Kedar" is recorded by the prophet Isaiah, Isa_21:13-17, in the burden upon Arabia; and its importance may also be inferred from the "princes of Kedar" mentioned by Ezekiel, Eze_27:21 , as well as the pastoral character of the tribe.
They appear also to have been, like the wandering tribes of the present day, "archers" and "mighty men." Isa_21:17. Compare Psa_120:5. That they also settled in villages or towns, we find from Isaiah. Isa_42:11. The tribe seems to have been one of the most conspicuous of all the Ishmaelite tribes, and hence, the rabbins call the Arabians universally by this name.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
This name signifies black in the original; and hence Bochart concludes that it refers to a people or tribe of Arabs who were more than others burned by the sun; but none of the Arabs are black. The name is also supposed to refer to the black tents made of felt, which are still in use; and Son_1:5, is quoted in support of this usage of the word: I
am black, but comely as the tents of Kedar. But the Arabic root is by some said to signify power and dignity. Kedar was the second son of Ishmael, whose family probably became more numerous, or more warlike, than those of his brethren, and so took precedence of name. This latter supposition appears probable from the manner in which they are mentioned by Isaiah, Isa_21:16-17, who speaks of the glory of Kedar, and the archers and mighty men of Kedar. Their flocks are also spoken of by the same Prophet, Isa_60:7, together with those of Nebaioth, whose tribe or family both shared and outlived the glory of Kedar.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
Kedar was the name of a nomadic tribal group of northern Arabia. The people of Kedar lived in tents, kept flocks of sheep and goats, and dealt shrewdly in various trading activities (Psa_120:5; Isa_60:7; Jer_49:28-29; Eze_27:21; see ARABIA).
Bridgeway Bible Dictionary by Don Fleming
PRINTER 1990.
kē?dar (קדר, ḳēdhār; Κηδάρ, Kēdâr): Second in order of the sons of Ishmael (Gen_25:13 parallel 1Ch_1:29). The name occurs as typical of a distant eastern country in opposition to the lands of the Mediterranean (Jer_2:10). The author of Second Isa introduces this tribe in company with Nebaioth, and both are represented as owners of flocks (Isa_60:7). Evidence of their nomadic habits appears in Jer_49:28, Jer_49:29, where they are classed among the Benē-Ḳedhem, and mention is made of their flocks, camels, tents, curtains and furniture. They are spoken of (Isa_42:11) as dwelling in ḥăcērı̄m (?villages?), from which it would appear that they were a somewhat settled tribe, corresponding to the Arabic ḥaḍarı̄ya or ?town-dwellers,? as distinct from wabarı̄ya or ?nomads.? Ezekiel (Eze_27:21) gives another hint of their pastoral nature where, in his detailed picture of the wealth of Tyre, Kedar and Arabia provide the Tyrians with lambs, rams and goats. The fame of the tribe is further reflected in Isa_21:16, Isa_21:17 (the only allusion to their might in war), and in the figurative references to their tents (Psa_120:5; Son_1:5). In this last passage where the tents are made symbolic of dark beauty, the word ḳādhar (?to be black?) may have been in the writer's mind.
The settlements of Kedar were probably in the Northwest of Arabia, not far from the borders of Palestine. Assyrian inscriptions have thrown light upon the history of the tribe. There Kedar is mentioned along with the Arabs and Nebaioth, which decides its identity with Kedar of the Old Testament, and there is found also an account of the conflicts between the tribe and King Assurbanipal (see Margoliouth in HDB).
Of the Ishmaelite tribes, Kedar must have been one of the most important, and thus in later times the name came to be applied to all the wild tribes of the desert. It is through Kedar (Arabic, keidar) that Muslim genealogists trace the descent of Mohammed from Ishmael.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
K?edar (black), a son of Ishmael, and the name of the tribe of which he was the founder. The name is sometimes used in Scripture as that of the Bedouins generally, probably because this tribe was the nearest to them, and was best acquainted with them (Son_1:5; Isa_21:16-17; Isa_60:7). A great deal of speculation founded upon the meaning of the word, namely, 'black,' may be dismissed as wholly useless. The Kedarenes were so called from Kedar, and not because they lived in 'black' tents, or because they were 'blackened' by the hot sun of Southern Arabia; neither of which circumstances could, even if true, have been foreseen at the time that Kedar received his name.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Kedar
(Heb. Kedar', קֵדָר, dark-skinned; Sept. Κηδάρ), the second son of Ishmael, and founder of the tribe that bore his name (Gen_25:13). B.C. post 2061. The name is used in Scripture as that of the Bedouins generally, whose characteristic traits are ascribed to them (Son_1:5; Isa_21:16; Isa_42:11; Isa_60:7; Jer_2:10; Jer_49:28; Eze_27:21); more fully, "sons of Kedar" (בֶּנֵי קֵדָר, Isa_21:17); in Psa_120:5, Kedar and Mesech are put for barbarous tribes Rabbinical writers expressly identify them with the Arabians (Pseudojon. on Genesis 25, and the Targum on Psalms 120; comp. the Jewish expression " tongue of Kedar" for the Arabic language), and the Arabs acknowledge the paternity (Pococke, Spec. 46). The Kedarenes (as they were called in later times) do not appear to have lived in. the immediate neighborhood of Judcea (Jer_2:10; comp. Psa_120:5). Jerome (Onomast. s.v. Μαδιάν) places them in the Saracenic desert, on the east of the Red Sea, which identifies them with the Cedrei of Pliny (v, 12) as neighbors of the Nabatheans (comp. Isa_40:7). Stephen of Byzantium reckons them (Κεδρανῖται) as inhabitants of Arabia Felix; but Theodoret (on Psalms 109) assigns them a locality near Babylon (see Reland, Palcest. p. 86 sq.).
Ptolemy calls them Darrce (Geog. 6:7), evidently a corruption of the ancient Hebrew; and Forster supposes that it is the same people Arrian refers to as the Kanraitce, which he thinks should be read Kadraitce (Geogr. of Arabia, i, 247). A very ancient Arab tradition states that Kedar settled in the Hejaz, the country round Mecca and Medina, and that his descendants have ever since ruled there (Abulfedae Hist. Anteislamica, ed. Fleischer, p. 192). From Kedar sprung, the distinguished tribe of Koreish, to which Mohammed belonged (Caussin, Essai,i, 175 sq.). Of the history of the head of the tribe little is known, but his posterity are described as being rich in flocks of sheep and goats, in which they traded with the Syrians (Eze_27:21; Jeremiah 49:49), as dwelling in tents of black hair (Son_1:5), though some of them occupied cities and villages ( ערים and חצרים; Isa_43:11) in the midst of the wilderness of Arabia, apparently in a mountainous and rocky district, and as being skilful in the use of the bow (Isa_21:17); particulars which eminently agree with all descriptions of the manners and mode of life of the nomade Arabs bordering Palestine on the east, from the Red Sea to Asia Minor (Wellsted, Travels in Arabia, ii, 231 sq.; Wallin, in the Journ. of R. Geog. Soc. vols. xx and xxiv). SEE ARABIA.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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