Keturah
VIEW:35 DATA:01-04-2020
that makes the incense to fume
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
KETURAH.Abrahams wife (Gen_25:1-4), or concubine (1Ch_1:32 f.; cf. Gen_25:6), after the death of Sarah; named only by J [Note: Jahwist.] and the Chronicler in the passages referred to; said to be the ancestress of sixteen tribes, several of which are distinctly ArabianMidian, Sheba, Dedan. Some Arabic writers mention an Arabian tribe near Mecca called Qatûrâ. The old Israelites evidently regarded some Arabs as distant relatives (see artt. Abraham, Esau, Hagar). The name Qetûrâh = incense, is a perfume-name like Keziah (Job_42:14).
W. Taylor Smith.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
A secondary wife or concubine taken by Abraham, whether in Sarah's lifetime or afterward is uncertain (Gen_25:1; 1Ch_1:28; 1Ch_1:32). Their sons were Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, Shuah; they spread through the desert E. to the Persian gulf. Hagar's son Ishmael's posterity was the elder branch of the "sons of the concubines."
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Ketu'rah. (incense). The wife of Abraham, after the death of Sarah. Gen_25:1; 1Ch_1:32. (B.C. 1860).
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
the name of Abraham's second wife. Abraham married Keturah, when he was one hundred and forty years of age, and by her he had six sons, Zimram, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, and Shuah. Some chronologers, as Bishop Clayton, Hallet, &c, thinking it improbable that Abraham should marry again at such an advanced age, have dislocated the chronology of this period, by supposing that Abraham took Keturah as a concubine, in consequence of his wife Sarah's barrenness, even before he left Charran; and that Keturah's children were among the souls born to him and Lot during their residence in that country. But it seems evident from the whole tenor of the history, that Abraham was childless until the birth of Ishmael, Gen_15:2-3; that he had no other son than Ishmael when he received the promise of Isaac, Gen_17:18; and that Isaac and Ishmael jointly, as his eldest sons, celebrated his funeral, Gen_25:9. His second marriage, at the age of one hundred and forty years, shows his faith in the divine promise, that he should be a father of many nations; for which purpose his constitution might be miraculously renewed, as Sarah's was. Beside, Abraham himself was born when his father Terah was one hundred and thirty years of age. Abraham settled the sons of Keturah in the east country of Arabia, near the residence of Ishmael.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
ke-tū?ra, ke-tōō?ra (קטוּרה, ḳeṭūrāh; Χεττούρα, Chettoúra, ?incense?): The second wife of Abraham (Gen_25:1; 1Ch_1:32 f). According to the Biblical tradition, he contracted this second marriage after the death of Sarah (compare Gen 23), and very likely after the marriage of Isaac (compare Gen 24). It is not improbable that, as some writers have suggested, this change in the life of his son prompted Abraham to remarry in order to overcome the feeling of lonesomeness caused by Isaac's entering the state of matrimony.
1Ch_1:32 (and also Gen_25:6) shows us that Keturah was not considered to be of the same dignity as Sarah who, indeed, was the mother of the son of promise, and, for obvious reasons, the sons of Abraham's concubines were separated from Isaac. She was the mother of 6 sons representing Arab tribes South and East of Palestine (Gen_25:1-6), so that through the offspring of Keturah Abraham became ?the father of many nations.?
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Ketu?rah (incense), the second wife, or, as she is called in 1Ch_1:32, the concubine of Abraham, by whom he had six sons, Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, and Shuah, whom he lived to see grow to man's estate, and whom he established 'in the East country,' that they might not interfere with Isaac (Gen_25:1-6). As Abraham was 100 years old when Isaac was born, who was given to him by the special bounty of Providence when 'he was as good as dead' (Heb_11:12), as he was 140 years old when Sarah died; and as he himself died at the age of 175 years, it has seemed improbable that these six sons should have been born to Abraham by one woman after he was 140 years old, and that he should have seen them all grow up to adult age, and have sent them forth to form independent settlements in that last and feeble period of his life. If Isaac was born to him out of the course of nature when he was 100 years old, how could six sons be born to him in the course of nature after he was 140? It has therefore been suggested by good commentators, that as Keturah is called Abraham's 'concubine' in Chronicles, and as she and Hagar are probably indicated as his 'concubines' in Gen_25:6, Keturah had in fact been taken by Abraham as his secondary or concubine-wife before the death of Sarah, although the historian relates the incident after that event, that his leading narrative might not be interrupted. According to the standard of morality then acknowledged, Abraham might quite as properly have taken Keturah before as after Sarah's death; nor can any reason why he should not have done so, or why he should have waited till then, be conceived. This explanation obviates many difficulties, and does not itself contain any.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Keturah
(Heb. Keturah', קְטוּרָה, girdled, otherwise incense; Sept. Χεττούρα), " the second wife, or, as she is called in 1Ch_1:32, the concubine of Abraham; by her he had six sons, whom he lived to see grow to man's estate, and whom. he established 'in the east country,' that they might not interfere with Isaac (Gen_25:1-6). B.C. cir., 1997 et post. As Abraham was 100 years old when Isaac was born, who was given to him by the special bounty of Providence when 'he was as good as dead' (Heb_11:12); as he was 140 years old when Sarah died; and as he himself died at the age of 175 years, it has seemed improbable that these six sons should have been born to Abraham by one woman .after he was 140 years old, and that he should have seen them all grow up to adult age, and have sent them forth to form independent settlements in that last and feeble period of his life. It has therefore been suggested that, as Keturah is called Abraham's ' concubine' in Chronicles, and as she and Hagar are probably indicated as his 'concubines' in Gen_25:6, Keturah had in fact been taken by Abraham as his secondary or concubine wife before the death of Sarah, although the historian relates the incident after that event, that his leading narrative might not be interrupted. According to the standard of morality then acknowledged, Abraham might quite as properly have taken Keturah before as after Sarah's death" (Kitto); although, it is true, this would hardly have been in keeping with his usual regard for Sarah's feelings, and would have been likely to introduce into the family another scene of discord such as he had seen with Hagar. In opposition to these and similar arguments, however, which are maintained by Prof. Bush (Note on Gen_25:1), Dr. Turner justly urges (Companion to Genesis, p. 293 sq.) the evident order of the narrative, the occasion offered by the death of Sarah, which preceded Abraham's demise thirty-six years, and the emphatic manner in which Keturah is introduced as a full wife, with lawful heirs, although of less esteem than Sarah. As to the objection drawn from the impotence of Abraham in consequence of advanced age, it is readily removed by the implied renewal of his vigor at the promise of an heir by Sarah (compare Heb_11:11); and,. if sound, it would prove too much, for it would require the birth of all the six sons by Keturah to be dated before that of Isaac. SEE ABRAHAM.
On the Arabian. affinities of Keturah, see the Journal Asiatigue, Aug. 1838, p. 197 sq. "Her sons were 'Zimran, and Jokshan, and Medan, and Midian, and Ishbak, and Shuah' (Gen_25:2); besides the sons and grandsons of Jokshan, and the sons of Midian. They evidently crossed the desert to the Persian Gulf, and occupied the whole intermediate country, where traces of their names are frequent, while Midian extended south into the peninsula of Arabia Proper. In searching the works of Arab writers for any information respecting these tribes, we must be contented to find them named as Abrahamic, or even Ishmaelitish, for under the latter appellation almost all the former are confounded by their descendants. Keturah herself is by them mentioned very rarely and vaguely, and evidently only in quoting from a rabbinical writer. (In the Kdmus the name is said to be that of the Turks, and that of a young girl [or slave] of Abraham; and, it is added, her descendants are the Turks!) M. Caussin de Perceval (Essai. i, 179) has endeavored to identify her with the name of a tribe of the Amalekites (the 1st Amalek) called Katura., but his arguments are not of any weight. They rest on a weak etymology, and are contradicted by the statements of Arab authors, as well as by the fact that the early tribes of Arabia (of which is Katfira) have not, with the single exception of Amalek. been identified with any historical names; while the exception of Amalek is that of an apparently aboriginal people whose name is recorded in the Bible; and there are reasons for supposing that these early tribes were aboriginal" (Smith). SEE ARABIA.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
KETURAH.Abrahams wife (Gen_25:1-4), or concubine (1Ch_1:32 f.; cf. Gen_25:6), after the death of Sarah; named only by J [Note: Jahwist.] and the Chronicler in the passages referred to; said to be the ancestress of sixteen tribes, several of which are distinctly ArabianMidian, Sheba, Dedan. Some Arabic writers mention an Arabian tribe near Mecca called Qatûrâ. The old Israelites evidently regarded some Arabs as distant relatives (see artt. Abraham, Esau, Hagar). The name Qetûrâh = incense, is a perfume-name like Keziah (Job_42:14).
W. Taylor Smith.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
A secondary wife or concubine taken by Abraham, whether in Sarah's lifetime or afterward is uncertain (Gen_25:1; 1Ch_1:28; 1Ch_1:32). Their sons were Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, Shuah; they spread through the desert E. to the Persian gulf. Hagar's son Ishmael's posterity was the elder branch of the "sons of the concubines."
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Ketu'rah. (incense). The wife of Abraham, after the death of Sarah. Gen_25:1; 1Ch_1:32. (B.C. 1860).
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
the name of Abraham's second wife. Abraham married Keturah, when he was one hundred and forty years of age, and by her he had six sons, Zimram, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, and Shuah. Some chronologers, as Bishop Clayton, Hallet, &c, thinking it improbable that Abraham should marry again at such an advanced age, have dislocated the chronology of this period, by supposing that Abraham took Keturah as a concubine, in consequence of his wife Sarah's barrenness, even before he left Charran; and that Keturah's children were among the souls born to him and Lot during their residence in that country. But it seems evident from the whole tenor of the history, that Abraham was childless until the birth of Ishmael, Gen_15:2-3; that he had no other son than Ishmael when he received the promise of Isaac, Gen_17:18; and that Isaac and Ishmael jointly, as his eldest sons, celebrated his funeral, Gen_25:9. His second marriage, at the age of one hundred and forty years, shows his faith in the divine promise, that he should be a father of many nations; for which purpose his constitution might be miraculously renewed, as Sarah's was. Beside, Abraham himself was born when his father Terah was one hundred and thirty years of age. Abraham settled the sons of Keturah in the east country of Arabia, near the residence of Ishmael.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
ke-tū?ra, ke-tōō?ra (קטוּרה, ḳeṭūrāh; Χεττούρα, Chettoúra, ?incense?): The second wife of Abraham (Gen_25:1; 1Ch_1:32 f). According to the Biblical tradition, he contracted this second marriage after the death of Sarah (compare Gen 23), and very likely after the marriage of Isaac (compare Gen 24). It is not improbable that, as some writers have suggested, this change in the life of his son prompted Abraham to remarry in order to overcome the feeling of lonesomeness caused by Isaac's entering the state of matrimony.
1Ch_1:32 (and also Gen_25:6) shows us that Keturah was not considered to be of the same dignity as Sarah who, indeed, was the mother of the son of promise, and, for obvious reasons, the sons of Abraham's concubines were separated from Isaac. She was the mother of 6 sons representing Arab tribes South and East of Palestine (Gen_25:1-6), so that through the offspring of Keturah Abraham became ?the father of many nations.?
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Ketu?rah (incense), the second wife, or, as she is called in 1Ch_1:32, the concubine of Abraham, by whom he had six sons, Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, and Shuah, whom he lived to see grow to man's estate, and whom he established 'in the East country,' that they might not interfere with Isaac (Gen_25:1-6). As Abraham was 100 years old when Isaac was born, who was given to him by the special bounty of Providence when 'he was as good as dead' (Heb_11:12), as he was 140 years old when Sarah died; and as he himself died at the age of 175 years, it has seemed improbable that these six sons should have been born to Abraham by one woman after he was 140 years old, and that he should have seen them all grow up to adult age, and have sent them forth to form independent settlements in that last and feeble period of his life. If Isaac was born to him out of the course of nature when he was 100 years old, how could six sons be born to him in the course of nature after he was 140? It has therefore been suggested by good commentators, that as Keturah is called Abraham's 'concubine' in Chronicles, and as she and Hagar are probably indicated as his 'concubines' in Gen_25:6, Keturah had in fact been taken by Abraham as his secondary or concubine-wife before the death of Sarah, although the historian relates the incident after that event, that his leading narrative might not be interrupted. According to the standard of morality then acknowledged, Abraham might quite as properly have taken Keturah before as after Sarah's death; nor can any reason why he should not have done so, or why he should have waited till then, be conceived. This explanation obviates many difficulties, and does not itself contain any.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Keturah
(Heb. Keturah', קְטוּרָה, girdled, otherwise incense; Sept. Χεττούρα), " the second wife, or, as she is called in 1Ch_1:32, the concubine of Abraham; by her he had six sons, whom he lived to see grow to man's estate, and whom. he established 'in the east country,' that they might not interfere with Isaac (Gen_25:1-6). B.C. cir., 1997 et post. As Abraham was 100 years old when Isaac was born, who was given to him by the special bounty of Providence when 'he was as good as dead' (Heb_11:12); as he was 140 years old when Sarah died; and as he himself died at the age of 175 years, it has seemed improbable that these six sons should have been born to Abraham by one woman .after he was 140 years old, and that he should have seen them all grow up to adult age, and have sent them forth to form independent settlements in that last and feeble period of his life. It has therefore been suggested that, as Keturah is called Abraham's ' concubine' in Chronicles, and as she and Hagar are probably indicated as his 'concubines' in Gen_25:6, Keturah had in fact been taken by Abraham as his secondary or concubine wife before the death of Sarah, although the historian relates the incident after that event, that his leading narrative might not be interrupted. According to the standard of morality then acknowledged, Abraham might quite as properly have taken Keturah before as after Sarah's death" (Kitto); although, it is true, this would hardly have been in keeping with his usual regard for Sarah's feelings, and would have been likely to introduce into the family another scene of discord such as he had seen with Hagar. In opposition to these and similar arguments, however, which are maintained by Prof. Bush (Note on Gen_25:1), Dr. Turner justly urges (Companion to Genesis, p. 293 sq.) the evident order of the narrative, the occasion offered by the death of Sarah, which preceded Abraham's demise thirty-six years, and the emphatic manner in which Keturah is introduced as a full wife, with lawful heirs, although of less esteem than Sarah. As to the objection drawn from the impotence of Abraham in consequence of advanced age, it is readily removed by the implied renewal of his vigor at the promise of an heir by Sarah (compare Heb_11:11); and,. if sound, it would prove too much, for it would require the birth of all the six sons by Keturah to be dated before that of Isaac. SEE ABRAHAM.
On the Arabian. affinities of Keturah, see the Journal Asiatigue, Aug. 1838, p. 197 sq. "Her sons were 'Zimran, and Jokshan, and Medan, and Midian, and Ishbak, and Shuah' (Gen_25:2); besides the sons and grandsons of Jokshan, and the sons of Midian. They evidently crossed the desert to the Persian Gulf, and occupied the whole intermediate country, where traces of their names are frequent, while Midian extended south into the peninsula of Arabia Proper. In searching the works of Arab writers for any information respecting these tribes, we must be contented to find them named as Abrahamic, or even Ishmaelitish, for under the latter appellation almost all the former are confounded by their descendants. Keturah herself is by them mentioned very rarely and vaguely, and evidently only in quoting from a rabbinical writer. (In the Kdmus the name is said to be that of the Turks, and that of a young girl [or slave] of Abraham; and, it is added, her descendants are the Turks!) M. Caussin de Perceval (Essai. i, 179) has endeavored to identify her with the name of a tribe of the Amalekites (the 1st Amalek) called Katura., but his arguments are not of any weight. They rest on a weak etymology, and are contradicted by the statements of Arab authors, as well as by the fact that the early tribes of Arabia (of which is Katfira) have not, with the single exception of Amalek. been identified with any historical names; while the exception of Amalek is that of an apparently aboriginal people whose name is recorded in the Bible; and there are reasons for supposing that these early tribes were aboriginal" (Smith). SEE ARABIA.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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