Lie, Lying
VIEW:25 DATA:01-04-2020
LIE, LYING
1. In the OT.The simple lie, which is a deliberate suppression of the truth in conversation, was condemned by the Levitical code as contrary to the character of holiness demanded by, and becoming to, the people of Israels holy God (Lev_19:11 f., cf. Lev_6:2 f.). Perjury, as an aggravation of the ordinary sin, was emphatically condemned, and stringently punished in the legislative enactments of Israel (Exo_23:1, Deu_19:16-20). There can be no doubt that the moral consciousness of the Hebrews was alive to the sinfulness of deceit (Pro_19:22; Pro_21:28; Pro_24:28; Pro_25:18; Pro_30:5-6; cf. Isa_58:11 AVm [Note: Authorized Version margin.] ). The lying selfishness of Cain, and the reprehensible deception practised by Abraham, are recorded by the historian in a tone which reveals his attitude towards such acts (Gen_4:9; Gen_20:2-16; Gen_12:11-20; cf. 2Ki_5:20-27 where Gehazis punishment is the reward of his thoughtless levity at a time of national gloom, as well as of his deceitful conduct and words). The moral reprobation of falsehood reaches its climax in the utterances of the prophets. According to these teachers, it is at the foundation of all human depravity (Hos_7:13; Hos_12:1, Mic_6:11 f.). Truth can be arrived at and spoken only by those who are in personal touch with the sacred Fountain of truth (cf. Isa_6:5-8). Indeed, some of the most emphatic declarations as to the moral attributes of Jehovah are based on the belief that He is above all else the God of truth (Num_23:19, 1Sa_15:28; cf. Psa_89:35, Eze_24:14, Mal_3:6 f.; see 2Ti_2:13, Tit_1:2). Hence the enormity of the guilt of those teachers who had not Jehovah as the source of their inspiration, though they might speak in His name, who pandered to the prevailing moral degeneracy (Jer_5:31; Jer_6:13; Jer_29:9, Eze_13:6; cf. Wis_14:28 ff. etc.), or who encouraged their hearers in idolatry with its debasing ritual (Jer_16:19, Jon_2:8; cf. Psa_31:6).
A curious phenomenon in the OT is the bold speculation which sought to explain the authorship of the lying instruction by which Jehovahs enemies were seduced to their own destruction. The fatuity of Ahabs conduct, and its fatal consequences, are detailed in the light of this conception (1Ki_22:1-53), while, with a still more unequivocal directness, Samuel is said to have been counselled by God to deceive Saul (1Sa_16:1 f.). In both instances the historian is evidently interpreting events by the ideas current in his day.
2. In the NT.Falsehood is here traced back to its source in the principle of evil. Jesus attributes its origin to Satan (Joh_8:44; cf. Act_5:3, Rev_12:9). Membership in the Christian body postulated a new creation in righteousness and holiness of truth (Eph_4:24 f.) and forbade one member to lie to another (Col_3:9).
The denial of the Messiahship of Jesus is characterized by the Johannine author as a lie (1Jn_2:22), while the same writer makes self-deceit the cause of that Pharisaic complacency which he so unsparingly condemns (1Jn_1:8 ff.). The Pauline representation of paganism bases its degrading moral Influence on the fact that it is founded essentially on a lie (Rom_1:22).
The awful fate which awaits all liars (Rev_21:8) is the outcome and direct development of the OT judgment of this sin, for it fundamentally estranges the guilty from Him whose word is truth (Joh_17:17; cf. Rev_21:27; Rev_22:16, and see Psa_51:6; Psa_24:4; Psa_119:160). Cf. also Truth.
J. R. Willis.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
1. In the OT.The simple lie, which is a deliberate suppression of the truth in conversation, was condemned by the Levitical code as contrary to the character of holiness demanded by, and becoming to, the people of Israels holy God (Lev_19:11 f., cf. Lev_6:2 f.). Perjury, as an aggravation of the ordinary sin, was emphatically condemned, and stringently punished in the legislative enactments of Israel (Exo_23:1, Deu_19:16-20). There can be no doubt that the moral consciousness of the Hebrews was alive to the sinfulness of deceit (Pro_19:22; Pro_21:28; Pro_24:28; Pro_25:18; Pro_30:5-6; cf. Isa_58:11 AVm [Note: Authorized Version margin.] ). The lying selfishness of Cain, and the reprehensible deception practised by Abraham, are recorded by the historian in a tone which reveals his attitude towards such acts (Gen_4:9; Gen_20:2-16; Gen_12:11-20; cf. 2Ki_5:20-27 where Gehazis punishment is the reward of his thoughtless levity at a time of national gloom, as well as of his deceitful conduct and words). The moral reprobation of falsehood reaches its climax in the utterances of the prophets. According to these teachers, it is at the foundation of all human depravity (Hos_7:13; Hos_12:1, Mic_6:11 f.). Truth can be arrived at and spoken only by those who are in personal touch with the sacred Fountain of truth (cf. Isa_6:5-8). Indeed, some of the most emphatic declarations as to the moral attributes of Jehovah are based on the belief that He is above all else the God of truth (Num_23:19, 1Sa_15:28; cf. Psa_89:35, Eze_24:14, Mal_3:6 f.; see 2Ti_2:13, Tit_1:2). Hence the enormity of the guilt of those teachers who had not Jehovah as the source of their inspiration, though they might speak in His name, who pandered to the prevailing moral degeneracy (Jer_5:31; Jer_6:13; Jer_29:9, Eze_13:6; cf. Wis_14:28 ff. etc.), or who encouraged their hearers in idolatry with its debasing ritual (Jer_16:19, Jon_2:8; cf. Psa_31:6).
A curious phenomenon in the OT is the bold speculation which sought to explain the authorship of the lying instruction by which Jehovahs enemies were seduced to their own destruction. The fatuity of Ahabs conduct, and its fatal consequences, are detailed in the light of this conception (1Ki_22:1-53), while, with a still more unequivocal directness, Samuel is said to have been counselled by God to deceive Saul (1Sa_16:1 f.). In both instances the historian is evidently interpreting events by the ideas current in his day.
2. In the NT.Falsehood is here traced back to its source in the principle of evil. Jesus attributes its origin to Satan (Joh_8:44; cf. Act_5:3, Rev_12:9). Membership in the Christian body postulated a new creation in righteousness and holiness of truth (Eph_4:24 f.) and forbade one member to lie to another (Col_3:9).
The denial of the Messiahship of Jesus is characterized by the Johannine author as a lie (1Jn_2:22), while the same writer makes self-deceit the cause of that Pharisaic complacency which he so unsparingly condemns (1Jn_1:8 ff.). The Pauline representation of paganism bases its degrading moral Influence on the fact that it is founded essentially on a lie (Rom_1:22).
The awful fate which awaits all liars (Rev_21:8) is the outcome and direct development of the OT judgment of this sin, for it fundamentally estranges the guilty from Him whose word is truth (Joh_17:17; cf. Rev_21:27; Rev_22:16, and see Psa_51:6; Psa_24:4; Psa_119:160). Cf. also Truth.
J. R. Willis.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
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