Lip

VIEW:28 DATA:01-04-2020
LIP (Heb. sâphâh, sâphâm; Gr. cheitos).—1. sâphâh, the usual OT word, and of very frequent occurrence. Only rarely are the lips referred to from the point of view of description of physical beauty and charm (Son_4:3; Son_4:11; Son_5:13). Once they are associated with kissing (Pro_24:26), once with drinking (Son_7:9, with which cf. Psa_45:2), once (anthropomorphically of J″ [Note: Jahweh.] ) as the source from which the breath issues (Isa_11:4); once the protrusion of the lips occurs as a gesture of mocking contempt (Psa_22:7). Twice (2Ki_19:28, Isa_37:29) we have an allusion to the cruel Assyrian custom of passing a ring through the lips of captives and leading them about with a rope or thong. But in the great majority of cases the lips are referred to as organs of speech (Job_27:4, Psa_119:171, Pro_15:7; Pro_24:2). Hence, according to the kind of words they utter and the quality of the heart from which the words come, they are described figuratively as uncircumcised (Exo_6:12; Exo_6:30), flattering (Psa_12:2; Psa_12:8), feigned (Psa_17:1), lying (Psa_31:18), joyful (Psa_63:5), perverse (Pro_4:24), righteous (Pro_16:13), false (Pro_17:4), burning (Pro_26:23), unclean (Isa_6:5). By an intensification or extension of this figurative use, swords are said to be in the lips (Psa_59:7), adders’ poison to be under them (Psa_140:3), or in them a burning fire (Pro_16:27). In Isa_57:18 ‘the fruit of the lips’ = praise. For Hos_14:2 see Calves of the Lips. 2. sâphâm (Eze_24:17; Eze_24:22, Mic_3:7, only in the phrase ‘cover the lips’), whose equivalent is ‘moustache,’ it being the Eastern custom to cover this as a sign of stricken sorrow. 3. cheitos occurs 6 times in NT, always in quotations from LXX [Note: Septuagint.] : Mat_15:8 and Mar_7:6 = Isa_29:18; Rom_3:13 = Psa_140:3 [Psa_139:4]; 1Co_14:21 = Isa_28:11; Heb_13:15 = Hos_14:2; 1Pe_3:10 = Psa_34:18 [Psa_33:14].
J. C. Lambert.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909


(שפה, sāphāh, שׂפת, sepheth, ?lip,? ?language,? ?speech,? ?talk? (also ?rim,? ?border,? ?shore,? ?bank,? etc.), שפם, sāphām, ?(upper) lip,? ?moustache,? ?beard?; χεῖλος, cheı́los, ?lip? (also once, ?shore? in the quotation Heb_11:12 = Gen_22:17)): (1) Lips stand in oriental idiom for speech or language, like ?mouth,? ?tongue?; therefore they stand in parallelism. ?The lip of truth shall be established for ever; but a lying tongue is but for a moment? (Pro_12:19). ?To shoot out the lip? (Psa_22:7) means to make a mocking, contemptuous, scornful face. As the lips are the chief instrument of speech, we find numerous idiomatic phrases for ?speaking,? such as: ?the utterance of the lips? (Num_30:6, Num_30:8), ?to proceed out of the lips? (Num_30:12), ?to open the lips? (Job_32:20), ?to go out of the lips? (Psa_17:1). These expressions do not convey, as a rule, the idea that the utterance proceeds merely out of the lips, and that it lacks sincerity and the consent of the heart, but occasionally this is intended, e.g. ?This people draw nigh unto me, and with their mouth and with their lips do honor me, but have removed their heart far from me? (Isa_29:13; compare Mat_15:8). The ?fruit of the lips? (Isa_57:19 = Heb_13:15) and ?calves of the lips? (Hos_14:2 the King James Version) designate the praise and thanksgiving due to God. ?Fervent (the King James Version ?burning?) lips? (Pro_26:23) are synonymous with eloquence. ?To refrain the lips? (Psa_40:9; Pro_10:19) means to keep silence, where the godless or unwise would wish to assert his rights.
Numerous other expressions need no further explanation, such as ?perverse lips? (Pro_4:24), ?uncircumcised lips? (Exo_6:12, Exo_6:30), ?feigned lips? (Psa_17:1), ?lying lips? (Psa_31:18; Pro_10:18; Pro_12:22), ?wicked (or false) lips? (Pro_17:4), ?unclean lips? (Isa_6:5), ?strange (the King James Version ?stammering?) lips? (Isa_28:11), ?flattering lips? (Psa_12:2, Psa_12:3; Pro_7:21), ?righteous lips? (Pro_16:13).
(2) The Hebrew word sāphām is found only in the phrase ?to cover the lip or lips,? which is an expression of mourning, submission and shame. The Oriental covers his lips with his hand or a portion of his garment, when he has been sunk into deep grief and sorrow. He expresses, thereby, that he cannot open his mouth at the visitation of God. Differently, however, from common mourners, Ezekiel was forbidden of God ?to cover his lips? (Eze_24:17; see also Eze_24:22), i.e. to mourn in the usual way over Israel's downfall, as Israel had brought these judgments upon himself. The leper, victim of an incurable disease, walks about with rent clothes and hair disheveled, covering his lips, crying: ?Unclean, unclean!? (Lev_13:45). The thought here is that even the breath of such a one may defile. The prophet calls upon all seers and diviners, to whom God has refused the knowledge of the future, to cover their lips in shame and confusion (Mic_3:7).

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.


Lip
(שָׂפָה, saphah', usually in the dual; Gr. χεῖλος), besides its literal sense (e.g. Isa_37:29; Son_4:3; Son_4:11; Son_5:13; Pro_24:28), and (in the original) metaphorically for an edge or border, as of a cup (1Ki_7:26), of a garment (Exodus 27:32), of a curtain (Exo_26:4; Exo_36:11), of the sea (Gen_22:17; Exo_2:3; Heb_11:12), of the Jordan (2Ki_2:13; Jdg_7:22), is often put as an organ of speech, e.g. to "open the lips," 1. to begin to speak (Job_11:5; Job_32:20), also to "open the lips" of another, i.e. ecause him to speak (Psa_51:17), and to "refrain the lips," i.e. to keep silence (Psa_40:10; Pro_10:19). So speech or discourse is said to be "upon the lips" (Pro_16:10; Psa_16:4), once "under the lips" (Psa_140:4; Rom_3:13; comp. Eze_36:3), and likewise "sinning with lips" (Job_2:10; Job_12:20; Psa_45:3), and "uncircumcised of lips," i.e., not of ready speech (Exo_6:12), also "fruit of the lips," i.e., praise (Heb_13:15; 1Pe_3:5), and, by a bolder figure, "the calves of the lips," i.e., thank-offering (Hos_14:2); finally, the motion of the lips in speaking (Mat_15:8; Mar_7:6; from Isa_29:13). By metonomy, "lip" stands in Scripture for a manner of speech, e.g. in nations, a dialect (Gen_11:1; Gen_11:6-7; Gen_11:9; Isa_19:18; Eze_3:5-6; 1Co_14:21, alluding to Isa_28:11), or, in individuals, the moral quality of language, as "lying lips," etc., i.e., falsehood (Pro_10:18; comp. 17:4, 7) or wickedness (Psa_120:2), truth (Pro_12:19); "burning lips," i.e., ardent professions (Pro_26:23); "sweetness of lips," i.e., pleasant discourse (Pro_16:22; so Zep_3:9; Isa_6:5; Psa_12:3-4). To "shoot out the lip" at any one, i.q. to make mouths, has always been an expression of the utmost scorn and defiance (Psa_22:8). In like manner, "unclean lips" are put as a represelntation of unfitness to impart or receive the divine communications (Isa_6:5; Isa_6:7). Also the "word of one's lips," i.e. communication, e.g. Jehovah's precepts (Psa_17:4; comp. Pro_23:16 : spoken of as something before unknown, Psa_81:6); elsewhere in a bad sense, i.q. lip-talk, i.e., vain and empty words (Isa_36:5; Pro_14:23), and so of the person uttering them, e.g. a man of talk, i.e., an idle talker (Job_11:2), a prating fool (Pro_10:8; comp. Lev_5:4; Psa_106:33). SEE TONGUE.
The "upper lip" (שָׂפָם, saphats', a derivative of the above), which the leper was required to cover (Lev_13:45), refers to the lip-beard or mustachios, as the Venet. Greek (μύσταξ) there and the Sept. in 2Sa_19:24, render it, being the beard (in the latter passage), which Mephibosheth neglected to trim during David's absence in token of grief. The same practice of "covering the lip" with a corner of one's garment, as if polluted( (comp. "unclean lips"), as a sign of mourning, is allluded to in Eze_24:17; Eze_24:22; Mic_3:7, where the Sept. has στόμα, χείλη. SEE MOUTH

CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.





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