Mammon
VIEW:40 DATA:01-04-2020
richia
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
MAMMON.This is a Semitic word, but of doubtful derivation. It has been referred to Heb. aman, a reliable (store), and to taman (t being elided), hidden treasure. Augustine (Serm. on Mount) says it was the name for riches among the Hebrews, and that the Phenician agrees, for gain in Phnician is called mammon. Phnician and Hebrew were near akin, and the ancients often included Aramaic in Hebrew. Mammon is not found in OT Hebrew, but occurs in Rabbinical, in Syriac (Western Aramaic), and is used in the Aramaic Targums as the equivalent of Heb. terms for gain or wealth. Being a well-known Phn. trade word, it is introduced without translation (unlike corban, etc.) into NT Greek, where the right spelling is mamônas (Mat_6:24, Luk_16:9; Luk_16:11; Luk_16:13); with this agrees the Syriac form momûna. A Phn. deity, Mamon, has been supposed. Though not improbable, the idea seems due to Milton (P.L. i. 679 ff.). Serve God and mammon suggests personification, but compare the phraseology of Php_3:19.
G. H. Gwilliam.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
Mat_6:24; Luk_16:9. A Punic (Augustine) or Syriac (Jerome) word for "riches". Personified as a heart idol.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Mammon. (riches). Mat_6:24; Luk_16:9. A word which often occurs in the Chaldee Terguma of Onkelos and later writers, and in the Syriac version, and which signifies "riches". It is used in St. Matthew as a personification of riches.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
a Syriac word which signifies riches, Mat_6:24.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
mam?un (Μαμωνᾶς, Mamōnás): A common Aramaic word (ממון, māmōn) for riches, used in Mat_6:24 and in Luk_16:9, Luk_16:11, Luk_16:13. In these passages mammon merely means wealth, and is called ?unrighteous,? because the abuse of riches is more frequent than their right use. In Luk_16:13 there is doubtless personification, but there is no proof that there was in New Testament times a Syrian deity called Mammon. The application of the term in Matthew is apparent and requires no comment. In Lk, however, since the statement, ?Make to yourselves friends out of the mammon of unrighteousness,? follows as a comment on the parable of the Unjust Steward, there is danger of the inference that Jesus approved the dishonest conduct of the steward and advised His disciples to imitate his example. On the contrary, the statement is added more as a corrective against this inference than as an application. 'Do not infer,' He says, that honesty in the use of money is a matter of indifference. He that is unfaithful in little is unfaithful in much. So if you are not wise in the use of earthly treasure how can you hope to be entrusted with heavenly treasure?' The commendation is in the matter of foresight, not in the method. The steward tried to serve two masters, his lord and his lord's creditors, but the thing could not be done, as the sequel shows. Neither can men serve both God and riches exalted as an object of slavish servitude. Wealth, Jesus teaches, does not really belong to men, but as stewards they may use wealth prudently unto their eternal advantage. Instead of serving God and mammon alike we may serve God by the use of wealth, and thus lay up treasures for ourselves in heaven. Again, the parable is not to be interpreted as teaching that the wrong of dishonest gain may be atoned for by charity. Jesus is not dealing with the question of reparation. The object is to point out how one may best use wealth, tainted or otherwise, with a view to the future.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Mam?mon, a Chaldee word signifying 'wealth' or 'riches,' and bearing that sense in Luk_16:9; Luk_16:11; but also used by our Savior (Mat_6:24; Luk_16:13) as a personification of the god of riches: 'Ye cannot serve God and Mammon.'
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Mammon
(μαμμωνᾶς or μαμωνᾶς, from the Chald. מָמוֹןor מָמוֹנָא, that in which one trusts; see Buxtorf, Lex. Chald. col. 1217 sq.), a term pre-eminently, by a technical and invidious usage (see Suidas in his Lex. s.v.), signifying wealth or riches, and bearing that sense in Luk_16:9; Luk_16:11; but also used by our Savior (Mat_6:24; Luk_16:13) as a personification of the god of riches: Ye cannot serve God and Mammon.' Gill, on Mat_6:24, brings a very apt quotation from the Talmud Hieros. (Yoma, fol. 38), in confirmation of the character which Christ in these passages gives of the Jews in his day: We know that they believed in the law, and took care of the commandments, and of the tithes, and that their whole conversation was good only that they loved the Mammon, and hated one another without cause. The word often occurs in the Chaldee Targums of Onkelos, and later writers, and in the Syriac Version, in the sense of riches.' This meaning of the word is given by Tertullian, Adv. Marc. 4:33, and by Augustine and Jerome commenting on Matthew. Augustine adds that it was in use as a Punic, and Jerome adds that it was a Syriac word. There is no reason to suppose that any idol received divine honors in the East under this name. It is used in Matthew as a personification of riches. The derivation of the word is discussed by A. Pfeiffer, Opera, p. 474. The phrase mammon of unrighteousness as used in Luk_16:9, probably refers to gain which is too often unjustly acquired (as by the publicans), but which may be sanctified by charity and piety so as to become a passport, in some sense, to final blessedness. See Grunenberg, De mammona iniquitatis (Jen. 1700); Wakins, De μαμ. ἀδικίας (Jen. 1701). In Rabbinical language the word is used to denote confidence.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
MAMMON.This is a Semitic word, but of doubtful derivation. It has been referred to Heb. aman, a reliable (store), and to taman (t being elided), hidden treasure. Augustine (Serm. on Mount) says it was the name for riches among the Hebrews, and that the Phenician agrees, for gain in Phnician is called mammon. Phnician and Hebrew were near akin, and the ancients often included Aramaic in Hebrew. Mammon is not found in OT Hebrew, but occurs in Rabbinical, in Syriac (Western Aramaic), and is used in the Aramaic Targums as the equivalent of Heb. terms for gain or wealth. Being a well-known Phn. trade word, it is introduced without translation (unlike corban, etc.) into NT Greek, where the right spelling is mamônas (Mat_6:24, Luk_16:9; Luk_16:11; Luk_16:13); with this agrees the Syriac form momûna. A Phn. deity, Mamon, has been supposed. Though not improbable, the idea seems due to Milton (P.L. i. 679 ff.). Serve God and mammon suggests personification, but compare the phraseology of Php_3:19.
G. H. Gwilliam.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
Mat_6:24; Luk_16:9. A Punic (Augustine) or Syriac (Jerome) word for "riches". Personified as a heart idol.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Mammon. (riches). Mat_6:24; Luk_16:9. A word which often occurs in the Chaldee Terguma of Onkelos and later writers, and in the Syriac version, and which signifies "riches". It is used in St. Matthew as a personification of riches.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
a Syriac word which signifies riches, Mat_6:24.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
mam?un (Μαμωνᾶς, Mamōnás): A common Aramaic word (ממון, māmōn) for riches, used in Mat_6:24 and in Luk_16:9, Luk_16:11, Luk_16:13. In these passages mammon merely means wealth, and is called ?unrighteous,? because the abuse of riches is more frequent than their right use. In Luk_16:13 there is doubtless personification, but there is no proof that there was in New Testament times a Syrian deity called Mammon. The application of the term in Matthew is apparent and requires no comment. In Lk, however, since the statement, ?Make to yourselves friends out of the mammon of unrighteousness,? follows as a comment on the parable of the Unjust Steward, there is danger of the inference that Jesus approved the dishonest conduct of the steward and advised His disciples to imitate his example. On the contrary, the statement is added more as a corrective against this inference than as an application. 'Do not infer,' He says, that honesty in the use of money is a matter of indifference. He that is unfaithful in little is unfaithful in much. So if you are not wise in the use of earthly treasure how can you hope to be entrusted with heavenly treasure?' The commendation is in the matter of foresight, not in the method. The steward tried to serve two masters, his lord and his lord's creditors, but the thing could not be done, as the sequel shows. Neither can men serve both God and riches exalted as an object of slavish servitude. Wealth, Jesus teaches, does not really belong to men, but as stewards they may use wealth prudently unto their eternal advantage. Instead of serving God and mammon alike we may serve God by the use of wealth, and thus lay up treasures for ourselves in heaven. Again, the parable is not to be interpreted as teaching that the wrong of dishonest gain may be atoned for by charity. Jesus is not dealing with the question of reparation. The object is to point out how one may best use wealth, tainted or otherwise, with a view to the future.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Mam?mon, a Chaldee word signifying 'wealth' or 'riches,' and bearing that sense in Luk_16:9; Luk_16:11; but also used by our Savior (Mat_6:24; Luk_16:13) as a personification of the god of riches: 'Ye cannot serve God and Mammon.'
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Mammon
(μαμμωνᾶς or μαμωνᾶς, from the Chald. מָמוֹןor מָמוֹנָא, that in which one trusts; see Buxtorf, Lex. Chald. col. 1217 sq.), a term pre-eminently, by a technical and invidious usage (see Suidas in his Lex. s.v.), signifying wealth or riches, and bearing that sense in Luk_16:9; Luk_16:11; but also used by our Savior (Mat_6:24; Luk_16:13) as a personification of the god of riches: Ye cannot serve God and Mammon.' Gill, on Mat_6:24, brings a very apt quotation from the Talmud Hieros. (Yoma, fol. 38), in confirmation of the character which Christ in these passages gives of the Jews in his day: We know that they believed in the law, and took care of the commandments, and of the tithes, and that their whole conversation was good only that they loved the Mammon, and hated one another without cause. The word often occurs in the Chaldee Targums of Onkelos, and later writers, and in the Syriac Version, in the sense of riches.' This meaning of the word is given by Tertullian, Adv. Marc. 4:33, and by Augustine and Jerome commenting on Matthew. Augustine adds that it was in use as a Punic, and Jerome adds that it was a Syriac word. There is no reason to suppose that any idol received divine honors in the East under this name. It is used in Matthew as a personification of riches. The derivation of the word is discussed by A. Pfeiffer, Opera, p. 474. The phrase mammon of unrighteousness as used in Luk_16:9, probably refers to gain which is too often unjustly acquired (as by the publicans), but which may be sanctified by charity and piety so as to become a passport, in some sense, to final blessedness. See Grunenberg, De mammona iniquitatis (Jen. 1700); Wakins, De μαμ. ἀδικίας (Jen. 1701). In Rabbinical language the word is used to denote confidence.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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