bitterness of a bramble
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
MARSENA.One of the seven princes who had the right of access to the royal presence (Est_1:14).
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
One of "the seven princes of Persia, wise men who knew the times, saw the king's face, and sat first in the kingdom" (Est_1:13-14).
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Mar'sena. (worthy). One of the seven of Persia, "wise men which knew the times," which saw the king's face and sat first in the kingdom. Est_1:14.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
mar-sē?na, mar?sḗ-na (מרסנא, marṣenā'; derivation unknown but probably of Persian origin (Est_1:14)): One of ?the seven princes of Persia and Media, who saw the king's face, and sat first in the kingdom.?
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Marsena
(Heb. Marsena', מִרְסְנָא, according to Benfey, the Sanscrit smarsha, noble, with the Zend ending na, man; Sept. Μαρσενά, but most copies omit; Vulg. Marsana), one of the seven Medo-Persian satraps or viziers of Xerxes (Est_1:14). B.C. 483. Josephus understands that they had the office of interpreters of the laws (Ant. 11:6, 1).
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.