Merab
VIEW:25 DATA:01-04-2020
he that fights or disputes
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
MERAB.The elder daughter of Saul, promised to the slayer of Goliath (1Sa_17:25), and then to David personally as a reward for prowess against the Philistines (1Sa_18:17), but given as wife to Adriel the Meholathite. In 2Sa_21:8 Michal, whose sons are said to have been given over to satisfy the Gibeonites, is probably a scribal error for Merab.
W. F. Boyd.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
Saul's oldest daughter (1Sa_14:49). According to promise to the conqueror of Goliath, Saul betrothed Merab to David (1Sa_17:25; 1Sa_18:17), but with the secret design of inciting him thereby to expose himself to be slain by the Philistines. At the time when Merab should have been given to him Saul gave her to Adriel the Meholathite. Her five sons subsequently were crucified to Jehovah by the Gibeonites among the seven, for Saul's bloodthirsty zeal against them (2Sa_21:9). See Exo_34:7; how Saul's sin recoiled on himself and his! "Michal" is a copyist's error for Merab (2Sa_21:8); reading "Michal" we must understand "brought up," not gave birth to (compare Rth_4:16-17). (See MICHAL.)
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Me'rab. (increase). Eldest daughter of King Saul. 1Sa_14:49. In accordance with the promise which he made, before the engagement with Goliath, 1Sa_17:25, Saul betrothed Merab to David. 1Sa_18:17. Before the marriage, Merab's younger sister, Michal, had displayed her attachment for David, and Merab was, then, married to Adriel, the Meholathite, to whom she bore five sons. 2Sa_21:8.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
mē?rab (מרב, mērabh ?increase?; Μερόβ, Merób): The elder daughter of Saul (1Sa_14:49), promised, though not by name, to the man who should slay the Philistine Goliath (1Sa_17:25). David did this and was afterward taken by Saul to court (1Sa_18:2), where he was detained in great honor. Merab was not, however, given to him as quickly as the incident would lead one to expect, and the sequel showed some unwillingness on the part of some persons in the contract to complete the promise. The adulation of the crowd who met David on his return from Philistine warfare and gave him a more favorable ascription than to Saul (1Sa_18:6-16) awoke the angry jealousy of Saul. He ?eyed David from that day and forward? (1Sa_18:9). Twice David had to ?avoid? the ?evil spirit? in Saul (1Sa_18:11). Saul also feared David (1Sa_18:12), and this led him to incite the youth to more dangerous deeds of valor against the Philistines by a renewed promise of Merab. He will have David's life, but rather by the hand of the Philistines than his own (1Sa_18:17). Merab was to be the bait. But now another element complicated matters - Michal's love for David (1Sa_18:20), which may have been the retarding factor from the first. At any rate Merab is finally given to Adriel the Meholathite (1Sa_18:19). The passage in 2Sa_21:8 doubtless contains an error - Michal's name occurring for that of her sister Merab - though the Septuagint, Josephus, and a consistent Hebrew text all perpetuate it, as well as the concise meaning of the Hebrew word Yāladh, which is a physiological word for bearing children, and cannot be translated ?brought up.? A Targum explanation reads: ?The 5 sons of Merab (which Michal, Saul's daughter brought up) which she bare,? etc. Another suggestion reads the word ?sister? after Michal in the possessive case, leaving the text otherwise as it stands. It is possible that Merab died comparatively young, and that her children were left in the care of their aunt, especially when it is said she herself had none (2Sa_6:23). The simplest explanation is to assume a scribal error, with the suggestion referred to as a possible explanation of it. The lonely Michal (2Sa_6:20-23) became so identified with her (deceased) sister's children that they became, in a sense, hers.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Me?rab (Increase) eldest daughter of king Saul, who was promised in marriage to David; but when the time fixed for their union approached, she was, to the surprise of all Israel bestowed in marriage upon an unknown personage named Adriel (1Sa_14:49; 1Sa_18:17-19). By him she had six sons, who were among those of the house of Saul that were given up to the Gibeonites, who put them to death in expiation for the wrongs they had sustained from their grandfather.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Merab
(Hebrews Merlab', מֵרִב, increase; Sept. Μερόβ and Μερώβ; Josephus Μερόβη, Ant. 6:6, 5), the eldest of the two daughters of king Saul (doubtless by his wife Ahinoam), and possibly the eldest child (1Sa_14:49). She first appears (BC. cir. 1062) after the victory over Goliath and the Philistines, when David had become an inmate in Saul's house (1Sa_18:2), and immediately after the commencement of his friendship with Jonathan. In accordance with the promise which he made before the engagement with Goliath (1Sa_17:25), Saul betrothed Merab to David (1Sa_18:17), but it is evidently implied that one object of thus rewarding his valor was to incite him to further feats, which might at last lead to his death by the Philistines. David's hesitation looks as if he did not much value the honor, although his language in 1Sa_18:18 may be only an Oriental form of self-depreciation (comp. 1Sa_18:23; 1Sa_25:42; 2Sa_9:8); at any rate before the marriage Merab's younger sister Michal had displayed her attachment for David, and Merab was then married to Adriel the Meholathite, who seems to have been one of the wealthy sheiks of the eastern part of Palestine, with whom the house of Saul always maintained an alliance. To Adriei she bore five sons, who formed five of the seven members of the house of Saul who were given up to the Gibeonites by David, and by them impaled as a propitiation to Jehovah on the sacred hill of Gibeah (2Sa_21:8). SEE RIZPAH.
The Authorized Version of this passage is an accommodation, rendering יָלְדָה, she brought up, although it has she bare for the same Hebrew word in the previous part of the verse. The Hebrew text has the five sons of Michal, daughter of Saul, which she bare to Adriel, and this is followed in the Sept. and Vulgate. The Targum explains the discrepancy thus: The five sons of Merab (which Michal, Saul's daughter, brought up) which she bare, etc. The Peshito substitutes Merab (in the present state of the text Nodob) for Michal. J. H. Michaelis, in his Hebrew Bible (2Sa_21:10), suggests that there were two daughters of Saul named Michal, as there were two Elishamas and two Eliphalets among David's sons. Probably the most feasible solution of the difficulty is that Michal is the mistake of a transcriber for Merab; but, if so, it is manifest from the agreement of the versions and of Josephus (Ant vii. 4,30) with the present text, that the error is one of very ancient date. SEE MICHAL.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
MERAB.The elder daughter of Saul, promised to the slayer of Goliath (1Sa_17:25), and then to David personally as a reward for prowess against the Philistines (1Sa_18:17), but given as wife to Adriel the Meholathite. In 2Sa_21:8 Michal, whose sons are said to have been given over to satisfy the Gibeonites, is probably a scribal error for Merab.
W. F. Boyd.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
Saul's oldest daughter (1Sa_14:49). According to promise to the conqueror of Goliath, Saul betrothed Merab to David (1Sa_17:25; 1Sa_18:17), but with the secret design of inciting him thereby to expose himself to be slain by the Philistines. At the time when Merab should have been given to him Saul gave her to Adriel the Meholathite. Her five sons subsequently were crucified to Jehovah by the Gibeonites among the seven, for Saul's bloodthirsty zeal against them (2Sa_21:9). See Exo_34:7; how Saul's sin recoiled on himself and his! "Michal" is a copyist's error for Merab (2Sa_21:8); reading "Michal" we must understand "brought up," not gave birth to (compare Rth_4:16-17). (See MICHAL.)
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Me'rab. (increase). Eldest daughter of King Saul. 1Sa_14:49. In accordance with the promise which he made, before the engagement with Goliath, 1Sa_17:25, Saul betrothed Merab to David. 1Sa_18:17. Before the marriage, Merab's younger sister, Michal, had displayed her attachment for David, and Merab was, then, married to Adriel, the Meholathite, to whom she bore five sons. 2Sa_21:8.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
mē?rab (מרב, mērabh ?increase?; Μερόβ, Merób): The elder daughter of Saul (1Sa_14:49), promised, though not by name, to the man who should slay the Philistine Goliath (1Sa_17:25). David did this and was afterward taken by Saul to court (1Sa_18:2), where he was detained in great honor. Merab was not, however, given to him as quickly as the incident would lead one to expect, and the sequel showed some unwillingness on the part of some persons in the contract to complete the promise. The adulation of the crowd who met David on his return from Philistine warfare and gave him a more favorable ascription than to Saul (1Sa_18:6-16) awoke the angry jealousy of Saul. He ?eyed David from that day and forward? (1Sa_18:9). Twice David had to ?avoid? the ?evil spirit? in Saul (1Sa_18:11). Saul also feared David (1Sa_18:12), and this led him to incite the youth to more dangerous deeds of valor against the Philistines by a renewed promise of Merab. He will have David's life, but rather by the hand of the Philistines than his own (1Sa_18:17). Merab was to be the bait. But now another element complicated matters - Michal's love for David (1Sa_18:20), which may have been the retarding factor from the first. At any rate Merab is finally given to Adriel the Meholathite (1Sa_18:19). The passage in 2Sa_21:8 doubtless contains an error - Michal's name occurring for that of her sister Merab - though the Septuagint, Josephus, and a consistent Hebrew text all perpetuate it, as well as the concise meaning of the Hebrew word Yāladh, which is a physiological word for bearing children, and cannot be translated ?brought up.? A Targum explanation reads: ?The 5 sons of Merab (which Michal, Saul's daughter brought up) which she bare,? etc. Another suggestion reads the word ?sister? after Michal in the possessive case, leaving the text otherwise as it stands. It is possible that Merab died comparatively young, and that her children were left in the care of their aunt, especially when it is said she herself had none (2Sa_6:23). The simplest explanation is to assume a scribal error, with the suggestion referred to as a possible explanation of it. The lonely Michal (2Sa_6:20-23) became so identified with her (deceased) sister's children that they became, in a sense, hers.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Me?rab (Increase) eldest daughter of king Saul, who was promised in marriage to David; but when the time fixed for their union approached, she was, to the surprise of all Israel bestowed in marriage upon an unknown personage named Adriel (1Sa_14:49; 1Sa_18:17-19). By him she had six sons, who were among those of the house of Saul that were given up to the Gibeonites, who put them to death in expiation for the wrongs they had sustained from their grandfather.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Merab
(Hebrews Merlab', מֵרִב, increase; Sept. Μερόβ and Μερώβ; Josephus Μερόβη, Ant. 6:6, 5), the eldest of the two daughters of king Saul (doubtless by his wife Ahinoam), and possibly the eldest child (1Sa_14:49). She first appears (BC. cir. 1062) after the victory over Goliath and the Philistines, when David had become an inmate in Saul's house (1Sa_18:2), and immediately after the commencement of his friendship with Jonathan. In accordance with the promise which he made before the engagement with Goliath (1Sa_17:25), Saul betrothed Merab to David (1Sa_18:17), but it is evidently implied that one object of thus rewarding his valor was to incite him to further feats, which might at last lead to his death by the Philistines. David's hesitation looks as if he did not much value the honor, although his language in 1Sa_18:18 may be only an Oriental form of self-depreciation (comp. 1Sa_18:23; 1Sa_25:42; 2Sa_9:8); at any rate before the marriage Merab's younger sister Michal had displayed her attachment for David, and Merab was then married to Adriel the Meholathite, who seems to have been one of the wealthy sheiks of the eastern part of Palestine, with whom the house of Saul always maintained an alliance. To Adriei she bore five sons, who formed five of the seven members of the house of Saul who were given up to the Gibeonites by David, and by them impaled as a propitiation to Jehovah on the sacred hill of Gibeah (2Sa_21:8). SEE RIZPAH.
The Authorized Version of this passage is an accommodation, rendering יָלְדָה, she brought up, although it has she bare for the same Hebrew word in the previous part of the verse. The Hebrew text has the five sons of Michal, daughter of Saul, which she bare to Adriel, and this is followed in the Sept. and Vulgate. The Targum explains the discrepancy thus: The five sons of Merab (which Michal, Saul's daughter, brought up) which she bare, etc. The Peshito substitutes Merab (in the present state of the text Nodob) for Michal. J. H. Michaelis, in his Hebrew Bible (2Sa_21:10), suggests that there were two daughters of Saul named Michal, as there were two Elishamas and two Eliphalets among David's sons. Probably the most feasible solution of the difficulty is that Michal is the mistake of a transcriber for Merab; but, if so, it is manifest from the agreement of the versions and of Josephus (Ant vii. 4,30) with the present text, that the error is one of very ancient date. SEE MICHAL.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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