Napkin

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NAPKIN (soudarion).—The cloth in which the unprofitable servant wrapped the money of his lord (Luk_19:20); used to bind the face of the dead (Joh_11:44; Joh_20:7); carried, possibly as indicated by the name (Lat. sudarium), to wipe off perspiration (Act_19:12). The Arabic renders mandîl, which may be either ‘towel,’ ‘napkin,’ ‘veil,’ or ‘head-band.’ See also Dress, §§ 5 (a), 8.
W. Ewing.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909


Napkin. Luk_19:20; Joh_11:44; Joh_20:7; Act_19:12. This term was used in much the same manner, and having much the same significance as at the present.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863


nap?kin (σουδάριον, soudárion; Latin sudarium): In Luk_19:20, the cloth in which the ?unprofitable servant? wrapped the money of his lord; compare Joh_11:44; Joh_20:7; see DRESS 7; HANDKERCHIEF.

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.


Luk_19:20 (b) This is a type of the preparations made by gifted Christians for keeping and preserving their gifts, instead of using them for the blessing of others. There are those who are well taught in the Scriptures. They listen well to sermons, but none of their talents and gifts are used for the blessing of others.

Joh_20:7 (b) Probably this is a picture of the separation that was to take place between CHRIST, the head of the Church, and His followers who constituted His Body. By this means the Saviour is telling that He was to leave this earth, leave the Christians behind, and ascend to His Father. The head was to be in Heaven, while the Church, which is His Body, was to remain on earth. Mary did not want Him to leave, and so she tried to hold Him here. For that reason the Lord forbade her to hold Him.
Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types
press 1957.


Napkin
the rendering in the A.V. of σουδάριον, Vulg. sudarium in Luk_19:20; John ii, 44; 20:7; which, however, is rendered "handkerchief' in Act_19:12, where it is associated with aprons, σιμικίνθια: they are classed together, inasmuch as they refer to objects of a very similar character. Both words are of Latin origin: σουδάριον = sudarium, from sudo, "to sweat" (the Lutheran translation preserves the reference to its etymology in its rendering, schweisstuch); σιμικίνθιον=semicinctiun, i.e., "a half girdle." Neither is much used by classical writers; the sudar-ium is referred to as used for wiping the face ("candido frontem sudario tergeret," Quintil. 6:3) or hands ("sudario manus tergens, quod in collo habebat," Petron. infragm. Trugur. cap. 67); and also as worn over the face for the purpose of concealment (Sueton. in Neron. cap. 48) the word was introduced by the Romans into Palestine, where it was adopted by the Jews, in the form סידראas מַטְפֵּחֵתin Rth_3:15. The sudarium is noticed in the N.T. as a wrapper to fold up money (Luk_19:20) — as a cloth bound about the head of a corpse (Joh_11:44; Joh_20:7), being probably brought from the crown of the head under the chin — and, lastly, as an article of dress that could easily be removed (Act_19:12), probably a handkerchief worn on the head like the kefieh of the Bedouin. The semicinctiunm is noticed by Martial, 14, epigr. 153, and by Petron. in Satyr. cap. 94.
The distinction between the cinctus and the semicinctium cdonsisted in its width (Isidor. Orig. 19:33): with regard to the character of the σιμικίνθιον, the only inference from the passage in which it occurs (Act_19:12) is that it was easily removed from the person, and probably was worn next to the skin. According to Suidas, the distinction between the sudarium and the semicinctiuni was very small, for he explains the latter by the former, σιμικίνθιον φακιόλιον ἤ σουδάριον φακιόλιον being a species of head-dress: Hesychius likewise explains σιμικίνθιον by φακιόλιον. According to the scholiast (in Cod. Steph.), as quoted by Schleusner (Lex. s.v. σουδάριον), the distinction between the two terms is that the su4arlium was worn on the head, and the senicinctium used as a handkerchief. The difference was probably not in the shape, but in the use of the article; we may conceive them to have been bands of linen of greater or less size, which might be adapted to many purposes, like the article now called lungi among the Arabs, which is applied sometimes as a girdle, at other times as a turban (Wellsted) Travels, 1:321). SEE APRON; SEE HANDKERCHIEF.

CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.





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