Nathan

VIEW:42 DATA:01-04-2020
given; giving; rewarded
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary


NATHAN.—1. Third son of David by Bath-sheba (2Sa_5:14, but note 2Sa_12:24). In Zec_12:12 the Nathan who is recognized as head of a house is probably David’s son. In Luk_3:31 the genealogy of Jesus is traced through Nathan to David. 2. The prophet, a confidential adviser of David. The king desired to build the Temple, and Nathan at first agreed, but later received a revelation forbidding the enterprise (2Sa_7:1-29). The next appearance of Nathan is in connexion with the parable of the ewe lamb, by which David was self-convicted of his sin with Bath-sheba (2Sa_12:1-15). Later, in token that an atonement has been made, he adds to Solomon’s name the significant title Jedidiah (‘beloved of Jah’). The third service was rendered alike to David and to Solomon. Adonijab had planned a coup by which to grasp the sceptre, now falling from the hands of his aged father. It was Nathan’s watchfulness that discovered the plot, and his ingenuity that saved the kingdom for Solomon (1Ki_1:1-53). It was fitting that a Life of David should come from this friendly hand (1Ch_29:29). His service to Solomon was recognized by the king, who appointed his sons, Azariab and Zabud, to important offices (1Ki_4:5). 3. Father of Igal, one of David’s heroes (2Sa_23:36). The text of 1Ch_11:38 reads, ‘Joel brother of Nathan.’ 4. One of the cbief men who returned with Ezra (Ezr_8:15, 1Es_8:44). 5. One of the Bani family, who had taken strange wives (Ezr_10:39); called in 1Es_9:34 Nathanias. 6. A Judahite (1Ch_2:36).
J. H. Stevenson.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909


("given by God".)
1. The prophet who gave David God's assurance of the perpetuity of his seed and throne (notwithstanding temporary chastening for iniquity). God by Nathan commended David's desire to build the temple, but reserved the accomplishment for his son Solomon, the type of Him who should build the true temple (2 Samuel 7; 1 Chronicles 17). Nathan speaking first of himself had said, "do all that is in thine heart" (compare 1Ki_8:18). God sometimes grants His children's requests in a form real, but not as they had proposed. His glory proves in the end to be their truest good, though their wishes for the time be crossed. Nathan convicted David of his sin in the case of Uriah by the beautiful parable of the poor man's lamb (2Sa_12:1-15; 2Sa_12:25; Psalm 51).
Nathan conveyed Jehovah's command to David, to name Solomon" Jedidiah," not as a mere appellation, but an assurance that Jehovah loved him. Nathan was younger than David, as he wrote with Ahijah the Shilonite and Iddo the seer" the acts of Solomon first and last" (2Ch_9:29). To Nathan David refers as having forbidden his building the temple on account of his having had "great wars" (2Ch_22:1-10; 2Ch_28:2). Nathan secured the succession of Solomon by advising Bathsheba to remind David of his promise (1Ch_22:9, etc.), and to inform him of Adonijah's plot, and by himself venturing into the king's presence to follow up Bathsheba's statement. Nathan by David's direction with Zadok the priest brought Solomon to Gihon on the king's own mule, and anointed him king (1Ki_1:10-38).
"Azariah son of Nathan was over the officers, and Zabud son of Nathan was the king's friend" under Solomon (1Ki_4:5; 1Ch_27:33; 2Sa_15:37). A similarity between the apologue style of Solomon in Ecc_9:14-16 and Nathan's in 2Sa_12:1-4 may be due to Nathan's influence. Nathan along with Gad wrote "the acts of David first and last" (1Ch_29:29). Nathan is designated by the later and higher title "the prophet," but" Gad and Samuel the seer" (compare 1Sa_9:9). His histories were doubtless among the materials from which the books of Samuel, Kings, and Chronicles were compiled. His grave is shown at Halhul near Hebron.
2. Son of David and Bathsheba (1Ch_3:5; 1Ch_14:4; 2Sa_5:14). Luke traces Christ's genealogy to David through Nathan (2Sa_3:31); as Matthew gives the succession to the throne, so Luke the parentage of Joseph, Jeconiah's line having failed as he died childless. (See GENEALOGY.) "The family of the house of David and the family of the house of Nathan" represent the highest and lowest of the royal order; as "the family of the house of Levi and the family of Shimei" represent the highest and lowest of the priestly order (Zec_12:12-13).
3. Father of Igal, one of David's heroes, of Zobah, 2Sa_23:36, but in 1Ch_11:38 "Joel, brother of Nathan" Kennicott prefers "brother."
4. A head man who returned with Ezra on his second expedition, and whom Ezra despatched from his encampment at the river Ahava to the Jews at Casiphia, to get Levites and Nethinim for the temple (Ezr_8:16). Perhaps the same as the son of Bani who gave up his foreign wife (Ezr_10:39).
5. Son of Attai of Judah (1Ch_2:36).
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.


Na'than. (a giver).
1. An eminent Hebrew , in the reigns of David and Solomon. (B.C. 1015). He first appears in the consultation with David, about the building of the Temple. 2Sa_7:2-3; 2Sa_7:17. He next comes forward as the reprover of David for the sin with Bathsheba; and his famous apologue on the rich man and the ewe lamb, which is the only direct example of his prophetic power, shows it to have been of a very high order. 2Sa_12:1-12.
2. A son of David; one of the four who were borne to him, by Bathsheba. 1Ch_3:5. Compare 1Ch_14:4 and 2Sa_5:14.
3. Son, or brother, of one of the members of David's guard. 2Sa_23:36; 1Ch_11:38.
4. One of the head men, who returned from Babylon with Ezra, on his second expedition. Ezr_8:16 1Es_8:44. It is not impossible that he may be the same with the "son of Bani." Ezr_10:39.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863


a prophet of the Lord, who appeared in Israel in the time of King David, and had a great share in the confidence of this prince. His country is unknown, as also the time in which he began to prophesy. The first time we find him mentioned, is when David designed to build the temple, 2Sa_7:3, &c. We find him mentioned again in the affair of David and Bathsheba, when he faithfully reproved the king for his wicked conduct, 2Sa_12:1-14. And when Adonijah began to take upon him the state, and to assume the dignity of a sovereign, and to form a party in opposition to his brother Solomon, Nathan repaired to Bathsheba, and sent her immediately to the king with instructions what to say and while she was yet discoursing with the king, Nathan came in, reminded David of his promise, that Solomon should be his successor, and procured Solomon to be immediately anointed king of Israel.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.


Several men named Nathan are mentioned in the Bible, one of them being a son of David in the line of descent that produced the Messiah (2Sa_5:14; Zec_12:12; Luk_3:31). But the best known Nathan is the prophet who belonged to David’s court. It was he who revealed that the permanent temple David desired to build was not necessary, and that God was more concerned with building a permanent dynasty for David (2Sa_7:1-17). God allowed the temple to be built, though by David’s son, not by David himself (2Sa_7:12-13; 1Ch_28:3; 1Ch_28:6).
Nathan was again God’s spokesman when he announced God’s judgment on David because of his sin with Bathsheba (2Sa_12:1-15). Nathan seems also to have been the person through whom God revealed that Solomon would be David’s successor as king (2Sa_12:24-25; 1Ch_28:5-6; 1Ki_1:17). Significantly, Nathan came to the defence of Solomon when Adonijah challenged him (1Ki_1:11-14; 1Ki_1:22-24; 1Ki_1:32-34). Like many prophets, Nathan was a court historian (1Ch_29:29; 2Ch_9:29; 2Ch_29:25).
Bridgeway Bible Dictionary by Don Fleming
PRINTER 1990.


Nathan (given), a prophet of the time of David. When that monarch conceived the idea of building a temple to Jehovah, the design and motives seemed to Nathan so good that he ventured to approve of it without the Divine authority, but the night following he received the Divine command, which prevented the king from executing this great work (2Sa_7:2, sq.; 1 Chronicles 17). Nathan does not again appear in the sacred history till he comes forward in the name of the Lord to reprove David, and to denounce dire punishment for his frightful crime in the matter of Uriah and Bathsheba. This he does by exciting the king's indignation, and leading him to condemn himself, by reciting to him the very striking parable of the traveler and the lamb. Then, changing the voice of a suppliant for that of a judge and a commissioned prophet, he exclaims, 'Thou art the man!' and proceeds to announce the evils which were to embitter the remainder of his reign (2Sa_12:1, sq.; comp. Psalms 51). The lamentations of the repentant king drew forth some mitigation of punishment; but the troubled history of the remainder of his reign shows how completely God's righteous doom was fulfilled. The child conceived in adultery died; but when Bathsheba's second son was born, the prophet gave him the name of Jedidiah (beloved of Jehovah), although he is better known by that of Solomon (2Sa_12:24-25). He recognized in this young prince the successor of David; and it was in a great measure through his interposition that the design of Adonijah to seize the crown was unsuccessful (1Ki_1:8, sq.). Nathan probably died soon after the accession of Solomon, for his name does not again historically occur. It is generally supposed that Solomon was brought up under his care. His sons occupied high places in this king's court (1Ki_4:5). He assisted David by his counsels when he reorganized the public worship (2Ch_29:25); and he composed annals of the times in which he lived (1Ch_29:29; 2Ch_9:29); but these have not been preserved to us. In Zechariah (Zec_12:12) the name of Nathan occurs as representing the great family of the prophets.




The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.


Nathan
(Heb. Nathan', נָתָן, given, i.e., by God; Sept. Ναθάν, but in the later books Νάθαν, and so Jo, sephus, Ant. 7:3, 3; but Ναθάνα of the prophet, Ant. 7:4, 4, etc.), the name of five or six men.
1. The eleventh in descent from Judah, being the son of Attai and father of Zabad (1Ch_2:36). B.C. post 1612.
2. An eminent Hebrew prophet in the reigns of David and Solomon. If the expression "first and last," in 2Ch_9:29, is to be token literally, he must have lived late into the life of Solomon, in which case he must have been considerably younger than David. At any rate he seems to have been the younger of the two prophets who accompanied him, and may be considered as the latest direct representative of the schools of Samuel. A Jewish tradition mentioned by Jerome (Qu. Heb. on 1Sa_17:12) identifies him with the eighth son of Jesse (2Sa_5:14); but of this there is no probability. He first appears in the consultation with David about the building of the Temple. B.C. cir. 1043. He begins by advising it, and then, after a vision, withdraws his advice, on the ground that the time had not yet come (2Sa_7:2-3; 2Sa_7:17). See Ewald, Isr. Gesch. 2:592. He next comes forward as the reprover of David for the sin with Bathsheba; and his famous apologue on the rich man and the ewe lamb, which is the only direct example of his prophetic power, shows it to have been of a very high order (2Sa_12:1-12). B.C. 1035. There is an indistinct trace of his appearing also at the time of the plague which fell on Jerusalem in accordance with the warning of Gad. "An angel," says Eupolemus (Euseb. Prcep. Ev. 9:30), "pointed him to the place where the Temple was to be, but forbade him to build it, as being stained with blood, and having fought many wars. His name was Dianathan."
This was probably occasioned by some confusion of the Greek version, διὰ Νάθαν, with the parallel passage of 1Ch_22:8, where the blood-stained life of David is given as a reason against the building, but where Nathan is not named. B.C. cir. 1017. On the birth of Solomon he was either specially charged with giving him his name, Jedidah, or else with his education, according as the words of 2Sa_12:25, "He sent [or "sent him"] by [or "into"] the hand of Nathan," are understood. B.C. cir. 1034. At any rate, in the last years of David, it is Nathan who, by taking the side of Solomon, turned the scale in his favor. He advised Bathsheba; he himself ventured to enter the royal presence with a remonstrance against the king's apathy and at David's request he assisted in the inauguration of Solomon (1Ki_1:8; 1Ki_1:10-11; 1Ki_1:22-24; 1Ki_1:32; 1Ki_1:34; 1Ki_1:38; 1Ki_1:45). B.C. cir. 1015. His son Zabud occupied the post of " king's friend," perhaps succeeding Nathan (2Sa_15:37; 1Ch_27:33); and Azariah, another of his sons, occupied a high place in the king's court (1Ki_4:5). He assisted David by his counsels when he reorganized the public worship (2Ch_29:25). B.C. 1014. This is the last time that we hear directly of his intervention in the history. His influence may be traced in the perpetuation of his manner of prophecy in the writings ascribed to Solomon (comp. Ecc_9:14-16 with 2Sa_12:1-4). He left two works behind him — a life of David (1Ch_29:29), and a life of Solomon (2Ch_9:29). The last of these may have been incomplete, as we cannot be sure that he outlived Solomon. The consideration in which he was held at the time is indicated by the solemn announcement of his approach — "Behold Nathan the prophet" (1Ki_1:23). The peculiar affix of "the prophet," as distinguished from "the seer," given to Samuel and Gad (1Ch_29:29), shows his identification with the later view of the prophetic office indicated in 1Sa_9:9. His grave is shown at Halhul near Hebron (see Robinson, Bib. Res. 1:216, note).
3. A native of Zobah, in Syria; the father of Igul, one of David's mighty men (2Sa_23:36; 1Ch_11:38). B.C. cir. 1040.
4. A son of David (2Sa_5:14; 1Ch_14:4), from whom the evangelist Luke has reckoned the genealogy of Mary the mother of Jesus (Luk_3:31). B.C. cir. 1032. SEE GENEALOGY. In 1Ch_3:5 Nathan is said to have been "the son of David by Bathshua," i.e., Bathsheba, but the rendering has been questioned. To him must probably be referred the words of Zecheriah 12:12 (see Henderson, Min. Proph. ad loc.), though some have interpreted it as the house of the prophet Nathan standing for the family of the prophets. SEE DAVID.
5. One of the head men who returned from Babylon with Ezra on his second expedition, and whom he despatched from his encampment at the River Ahava to the colony of Jews at Casiphia, to obtain thence some Levites and Nethinimn for the Temple service (Ezr_8:16). B.C. 459. "That Nathan and those mentioned with him were laymen appears evident from the concluding words of the preceding verse, and therefore it is not impossible that he may be the same with the son of Bani, who was obliged to relinquish his foreign wife (Ezr_10:39); though on the other hand these marriages seem rather to have been contracted by those who had been longer in Jerusalem than he, who had so lately arrived from Babylon, could be." B.C. 458.

CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.





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