Set
VIEW:26 DATA:01-04-2020
God of black magic destruction evil storms thunder drought and chaos Egypt
Gods and Goddess Reference
SET.Set at is valued at, as 2Ki_12:4 The money that every man is set at. Set at nought means treat with contempt, as Luk_23:11 Herod with his men of war set him at nought. Set by is to value, esteem, as 1Sa_18:30 His name was much set by. Set to means to affix, as Joh_3:33 He that hath received his testimony hath set to his seal that God is true.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
Few words in the English language have such a rich variety of meaning and are used in so rich a variety of idiomatic expression as the word ?set.? A glance at any of the great dictionaries will convince anyone of the truth of this statement. The Standard Dictionary devotes three and a half columns to the word. In its primary meaning it there denotes 22 distinct things, in its secondary meaning 17 more, while 18 distinct phrases are given in which it is used, in some cases again in a variety of meanings. It is indeed a word calculated to drive a foreigner to despair. Some 70 Hebrew and about 30 Greek words in the original tongues of the Holy Scriptures have been rendered by the word ?set,? in the King James Version and also in the Revised Version (British and American). A careful comparative study of the original and of translations in other tongues will at once indicate that a lack of discrimination is evident on the part of the English translators in the frequent use of the word ?set.?
Thus in Son_5:14, ?hands are as rings of gold set with beryl,? the Hebrew word is מלא, mālē', ?to be filled,? ?full.? Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) translates plenae, the Dutch gevuld, the German voll; Pro_8:27, ?when he set a circle,? Hebrew חקק, ḥāḳaḳ, ?to describe,? ?decree,? Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) vallabat, Dutch beschreef; Ezr_4:10, ?set in the city of Samaria,? Aramaic יתב, yethibh, ?to cause to sit down,? ?to cause to dwell,? Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) habitare eas fecit, Dutch doen wonen; Psa_2:6, ?Yet have I set my king upon my holy hill,? Hebrew נסך, nāṣakh, ?to pour out,? ?to anoint,? Dutch gezalfd; Isa_19:2, the King James Version ?I will set the Egyptians against the Egyptians,? Hebrew סכך, ṣākhakh, ?to disturb,? ?to confuse,? Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) concurrere faciam,, Dutch verwarren, German an einander setzen; Rev_3:8, ?I have, set before thee a door,? Greek δίδωμι, dı́dōmi, ?to give,? Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) dedi coram te, Dutch gegeven, German gegeben; Act_19:27, the King James Version ?Our craft is in danger to be set at nought,? Greek ἔρχομαι, érchomai, ?to come,? Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) periclitabitur, Dutch in verachting komen; Luk_4:18, ?to set at liberty them,? Greek ἀποστέλλω, apostéllō, ?to send away,? Dutch heen te zenden in vrijheid; Act_13:9, the King James Version ?Saul ... set his eyes on him,? Greek ἀτενίζω, atenı́zō, ?to stare fixedly,? Vulgate: intuens in eum, Dutch de oogen op hem houdende. These are but a few examples chosen at random where our English translators have rendered Hebrew and Greek words by ?set,? where a more literal translation, in equally good idiomatic language, was possible. The word ?set? is the causative of ?sit,? and indicates primarily a power of self-support, in opposition to the idea of the word ?lay.?
(1) In its primary meaning the word ?set? is used in our English Bible in many senses: (a) Foundation: Son_5:15, ?His legs are as pillars of marble set upon.? (b) Direction: Eze_21:16, ?whithersoever thy face is set.? (c) Appointed time: Act_12:21, ?upon a set day.? (d) Fixed place: 2Ch_20:17, ?Set yourselves, stand ye still, and see?; 2Sa_6:17; Mat_4:5. (e) Cause to sit: 1Sa_2:8, the King James Version ?to set them among princes?; 2Ch_23:20; Psa_68:6. (f) Appointment: Ezr_7:25, the King James Version ?set magistrates and judges?; Gen_41:41; 1Sa_12:13; Psa_2:6; Dan_1:11. (g) To lift up: Gen_31:17, ?set his sons and his wives upon.? (h) Appointed place: Gen_1:17, ?God set them in the firmament.? (i) Cause to stand: Gen_47:7, ?Joseph brought in Jacob ... and set him before Pharaoh?; Num_8:13; 2Ch_29:25. (j) Sitting: Mat_5:1, the King James Version ?when he was set?; Heb_8:1 the King James Version. (k) Location: Mat_5:14, ?a city set on a hill.? These by no means exhaust the meaning which the word, in its primary sense, has in our English Bible.
(2) In a secondary or tropical sense it is used with equal frequency, usually with various prepositions. Thus, (a) To attack: Jdg_9:33, the King James Version ?and set upon the city.? (b) To imprint: Gen_4:15, the King James Version ?The Lord set a mark upon Cain.? (c) To direct to: 1Ki_2:15, ?And that all Israel set their faces on me.? (d) To place: 1Ki_20:12, Ben-hadad shouted one word to his allies: ?Set,? i.e. set the armies in array, the battering-rams and engines of attack in their place. (e) To incline toward: Eze_40:4, ?Set thy heart upon all that I shall show.? (f) To trust in: Psa_62:10, ?If riches increase, set not your heart thereon.? (g) To place before: Psa_90:8, ?Thou hast set our iniquities before?; Psa_141:3, ?Set a watch, O Yahweh, before my mouth.? (h) To go down: of the setting of the sun (Mar_1:32; Luk_4:40). (i) To be proud: Mal_3:15, the King James Version ?They that work wickedness are set up.? (j) To fill in: Exo_35:9, ?stones to be set, for the ephod.? (k) To plant: Mar_12:1, ?set a hedge about it.? (l) To mock: Luk_23:11, ?Herod ... set him at nought.? (m) To honor: 1Sa_18:30, ?so that his name was much set by.? (n) To start: Act_21:2, ?We went aboard, and set sail.? As may be seen the word is used in an endless variety of meanings.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
(or Sutekh), an ass-headed deity, the national god of the Shemitic Hyksos, who, on their invasion of Egypt in the interval between the thirteenth and eighteenth dynasties, forced his sole worship upon the Egyptians. Set was already one of the cosmical deities of the country, but after the expulsion of the Hyksos his worship was annulled, his statues defaced, and his name everywhere erased. He was represented as an ass-headed man, holding the usual crux ansata, or staff of life, and the cucufa, staff of divine power. The Egyptians were accustomed to regard Set as a personification of the evil principle. "The worship of this god passed through two historical phases. At one time he was held in honor, and accounted as one of the greater gods of Abydos. He appears to have had a position analogous to that of the Theban deity Mentu, in which he was the adversary of the serpent Apophis, the symbol of wickedness and darkness. Some time later on, in consequence of political changes, the worship of Set was abolished, and his statues were destroyed. It is difficult to state at what period Set was introduced into the Osirian myths as a personification of evil, and thus became identified with Typhon as the murderer of the great Egyptian god Osiris. The treatise (by Plutarch), De Iside et Osiride, makes Nephthys the companion of Set, and she is represented united with him in a group in the Museum of the Louvre, in the Hall of the Gods. The animal symbolical of Set was a carnivorous quadruped, at one time confounded with the ass-god of Josephus and Apion, having a long, curved snout and upright, square- topped ears, which characters are often exaggerated to distinguish him from the jackal of Anubis" (Pierret). After the second restoration of the old mythology, in the period of the nineteenth dynasty, Set was identified with the Hyksos Sutekh, who was properly an Asiatic deity, and whose worship was maintained even by Seti I and Rameses II. Both gods, however, were treated as impious, and their worship as heretical, and it is at the present time impossible to distinguish exactly between them, owing to the complete destruction by the Egyptians of all those parts of the monuments whereon their names occur.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
Gods and Goddess Reference
SET.Set at is valued at, as 2Ki_12:4 The money that every man is set at. Set at nought means treat with contempt, as Luk_23:11 Herod with his men of war set him at nought. Set by is to value, esteem, as 1Sa_18:30 His name was much set by. Set to means to affix, as Joh_3:33 He that hath received his testimony hath set to his seal that God is true.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
Few words in the English language have such a rich variety of meaning and are used in so rich a variety of idiomatic expression as the word ?set.? A glance at any of the great dictionaries will convince anyone of the truth of this statement. The Standard Dictionary devotes three and a half columns to the word. In its primary meaning it there denotes 22 distinct things, in its secondary meaning 17 more, while 18 distinct phrases are given in which it is used, in some cases again in a variety of meanings. It is indeed a word calculated to drive a foreigner to despair. Some 70 Hebrew and about 30 Greek words in the original tongues of the Holy Scriptures have been rendered by the word ?set,? in the King James Version and also in the Revised Version (British and American). A careful comparative study of the original and of translations in other tongues will at once indicate that a lack of discrimination is evident on the part of the English translators in the frequent use of the word ?set.?
Thus in Son_5:14, ?hands are as rings of gold set with beryl,? the Hebrew word is מלא, mālē', ?to be filled,? ?full.? Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) translates plenae, the Dutch gevuld, the German voll; Pro_8:27, ?when he set a circle,? Hebrew חקק, ḥāḳaḳ, ?to describe,? ?decree,? Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) vallabat, Dutch beschreef; Ezr_4:10, ?set in the city of Samaria,? Aramaic יתב, yethibh, ?to cause to sit down,? ?to cause to dwell,? Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) habitare eas fecit, Dutch doen wonen; Psa_2:6, ?Yet have I set my king upon my holy hill,? Hebrew נסך, nāṣakh, ?to pour out,? ?to anoint,? Dutch gezalfd; Isa_19:2, the King James Version ?I will set the Egyptians against the Egyptians,? Hebrew סכך, ṣākhakh, ?to disturb,? ?to confuse,? Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) concurrere faciam,, Dutch verwarren, German an einander setzen; Rev_3:8, ?I have, set before thee a door,? Greek δίδωμι, dı́dōmi, ?to give,? Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) dedi coram te, Dutch gegeven, German gegeben; Act_19:27, the King James Version ?Our craft is in danger to be set at nought,? Greek ἔρχομαι, érchomai, ?to come,? Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) periclitabitur, Dutch in verachting komen; Luk_4:18, ?to set at liberty them,? Greek ἀποστέλλω, apostéllō, ?to send away,? Dutch heen te zenden in vrijheid; Act_13:9, the King James Version ?Saul ... set his eyes on him,? Greek ἀτενίζω, atenı́zō, ?to stare fixedly,? Vulgate: intuens in eum, Dutch de oogen op hem houdende. These are but a few examples chosen at random where our English translators have rendered Hebrew and Greek words by ?set,? where a more literal translation, in equally good idiomatic language, was possible. The word ?set? is the causative of ?sit,? and indicates primarily a power of self-support, in opposition to the idea of the word ?lay.?
(1) In its primary meaning the word ?set? is used in our English Bible in many senses: (a) Foundation: Son_5:15, ?His legs are as pillars of marble set upon.? (b) Direction: Eze_21:16, ?whithersoever thy face is set.? (c) Appointed time: Act_12:21, ?upon a set day.? (d) Fixed place: 2Ch_20:17, ?Set yourselves, stand ye still, and see?; 2Sa_6:17; Mat_4:5. (e) Cause to sit: 1Sa_2:8, the King James Version ?to set them among princes?; 2Ch_23:20; Psa_68:6. (f) Appointment: Ezr_7:25, the King James Version ?set magistrates and judges?; Gen_41:41; 1Sa_12:13; Psa_2:6; Dan_1:11. (g) To lift up: Gen_31:17, ?set his sons and his wives upon.? (h) Appointed place: Gen_1:17, ?God set them in the firmament.? (i) Cause to stand: Gen_47:7, ?Joseph brought in Jacob ... and set him before Pharaoh?; Num_8:13; 2Ch_29:25. (j) Sitting: Mat_5:1, the King James Version ?when he was set?; Heb_8:1 the King James Version. (k) Location: Mat_5:14, ?a city set on a hill.? These by no means exhaust the meaning which the word, in its primary sense, has in our English Bible.
(2) In a secondary or tropical sense it is used with equal frequency, usually with various prepositions. Thus, (a) To attack: Jdg_9:33, the King James Version ?and set upon the city.? (b) To imprint: Gen_4:15, the King James Version ?The Lord set a mark upon Cain.? (c) To direct to: 1Ki_2:15, ?And that all Israel set their faces on me.? (d) To place: 1Ki_20:12, Ben-hadad shouted one word to his allies: ?Set,? i.e. set the armies in array, the battering-rams and engines of attack in their place. (e) To incline toward: Eze_40:4, ?Set thy heart upon all that I shall show.? (f) To trust in: Psa_62:10, ?If riches increase, set not your heart thereon.? (g) To place before: Psa_90:8, ?Thou hast set our iniquities before?; Psa_141:3, ?Set a watch, O Yahweh, before my mouth.? (h) To go down: of the setting of the sun (Mar_1:32; Luk_4:40). (i) To be proud: Mal_3:15, the King James Version ?They that work wickedness are set up.? (j) To fill in: Exo_35:9, ?stones to be set, for the ephod.? (k) To plant: Mar_12:1, ?set a hedge about it.? (l) To mock: Luk_23:11, ?Herod ... set him at nought.? (m) To honor: 1Sa_18:30, ?so that his name was much set by.? (n) To start: Act_21:2, ?We went aboard, and set sail.? As may be seen the word is used in an endless variety of meanings.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
(or Sutekh), an ass-headed deity, the national god of the Shemitic Hyksos, who, on their invasion of Egypt in the interval between the thirteenth and eighteenth dynasties, forced his sole worship upon the Egyptians. Set was already one of the cosmical deities of the country, but after the expulsion of the Hyksos his worship was annulled, his statues defaced, and his name everywhere erased. He was represented as an ass-headed man, holding the usual crux ansata, or staff of life, and the cucufa, staff of divine power. The Egyptians were accustomed to regard Set as a personification of the evil principle. "The worship of this god passed through two historical phases. At one time he was held in honor, and accounted as one of the greater gods of Abydos. He appears to have had a position analogous to that of the Theban deity Mentu, in which he was the adversary of the serpent Apophis, the symbol of wickedness and darkness. Some time later on, in consequence of political changes, the worship of Set was abolished, and his statues were destroyed. It is difficult to state at what period Set was introduced into the Osirian myths as a personification of evil, and thus became identified with Typhon as the murderer of the great Egyptian god Osiris. The treatise (by Plutarch), De Iside et Osiride, makes Nephthys the companion of Set, and she is represented united with him in a group in the Museum of the Louvre, in the Hall of the Gods. The animal symbolical of Set was a carnivorous quadruped, at one time confounded with the ass-god of Josephus and Apion, having a long, curved snout and upright, square- topped ears, which characters are often exaggerated to distinguish him from the jackal of Anubis" (Pierret). After the second restoration of the old mythology, in the period of the nineteenth dynasty, Set was identified with the Hyksos Sutekh, who was properly an Asiatic deity, and whose worship was maintained even by Seti I and Rameses II. Both gods, however, were treated as impious, and their worship as heretical, and it is at the present time impossible to distinguish exactly between them, owing to the complete destruction by the Egyptians of all those parts of the monuments whereon their names occur.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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