Smith

VIEW:25 DATA:01-04-2020

SMITH.—See Arts and Crafts, § 2.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909

Smith. See Handicraft.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863

smith. See CRAFTS, 10; TUBAL-CAIN.

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.

The word so rendered literally signifies a workman in stone, wood, or metal, but is sometimes more accurately defined by what follows. The first smith mentioned in Scripture is Tubal-Cain, whom some writers, arguing from the similarity of the names, identify with Vulcan. He is said to have been 'an instructor of every artificer in brass and iron' (Gen_4:22), or perhaps more properly, a whetter or sharpener of every instrument of copper or iron. As the art of the smith is one of the first essentials to civilization, the mention of its founder was worthy of a place among the other fathers of inventions. So requisite was the trade of a smith in ancient warfare, that conquerors removed these artisans from a vanquished nation, in order the more effectually to disable it. Thus the Philistines deprived the Hebrews of their smiths (1Sa_13:19; comp. Jdg_5:8). So Nebuchadnezzar, King of Babylon, treated them in later times (2Ki_24:14; Jer_24:1; Jer_29:2). In the New Testament we meet with Demetrius, 'the silversmith,' at Ephesus; but the commentators are not agreed whether he was a manufacturer of small silver models of the Temple of Diana, or at least of the chapel which contained the famous statue of the goddess, to be sold to foreigners, or used in private devotion, or taken with them by travelers as a safeguard; or whether he made large coins representing the temple and image. A coppersmith named Alexander is mentioned as an opponent of St. Paul (2Ti_4:14) [COAL; IRON; METALS].




The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.


(חָרָשׁ, charash), a workman in stone, wood, or metal, like the Lat. faber, but sometimes, more accurately defined by what follows, as חָרִשׁ בִּרְזֶל, a workman in iron, a smith; Sept. τέκτων, τέκτων σιδήρου, χαλκεύς, τεχνίτης; Vulg. faber and faberfjrrari-us (1Sa_13:19; Isa_44:12; Isa_54:16; 2Ki_24:14; Jer_24:1; Jer_29:2). In 2Ch_24:12 “workers in iron and brass” are mentioned, The first smith mentioned in Scripture is Tubal-cain, whom some writers, arguing from the similarity of the names, identify with Vulcan (Gerh. Vossius, De Orig. Idolol. 1, 16). He is said to have been “an instructor of every artificer in brass and iron” (Gen_4:22), or, perhaps more properly, a whetter or sharpener of every instrument of copper or iron. So Montanus, “acuentem omne artificium eris et ferri;” Sept. σφυροκόπος χαλκεὺς χαλκοῦ καὶ σιδήρου; Vulg. “fuit malleator et faber in cuncta opera seris et ferri.” Josephus says that he first of all invented the art of making brass (Ant. 1, 2, 2). As the art of the smith is one of the first essentials to civilization, the mention of its founder was worthy of a place among the other fathers of inventions. So requisite was the trade of a smith in ancient warfare that conquerors removed these artisans from a vanquished nation, in order the more effectually to disable it. Thus the Philistines deprived the Hebrews of their smiths (1Sa_13:19; comp. Jdg_5:8). So Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, treated them in later times (2Ki_24:14; Jer_24:1; Jer_29:2). With these instances the commentators compare the stipulation of Porsenna with the Roman people after the expulsion of their kings “Ne ferro, nisi in agricultura, uterentur” (Pliny, Hist. Nat. 31, 14). Cyrus treated the Lydians in the same manner (Herodotus, 1, 142). SEE HANDICRAFT.
מִסְגֵּר, masger, smith, occurs in 2Ki_24:14; 2Ki_24:16; Sept. συγκλείων; Jer_24:1; Jer_29:2; Vulg. clusor, or inclusor. Buxtorf gives “claustrarius, faber ferrarius.” The root סגר, to close, indicates artisans “with busy hammers closing rivets up,” which suits the context better than other renderings, as setters of precious stones, seal engravers, etc.:
In the New Test. we meet with Demetrius, “the silversmith,” at Ephesus, ἀργυροκόπος, “a worker in silver;” Vulg. argentarius; but the commentators are not agreed whether he was a manufacturer of small silver models of the Temple of Diana, ναοὺς ἀργυροῦς, or, at least, of the chapel which contained the famous statue of the goddess, to be sold to foreigners, or used in private devotion, or taken with them by travelers as a safeguard; or whether he made large coins representing the temple and image. Beza, Scaliger, and others understand a coiner or mint master (see Kuinol, ad loc.). That the word may signify a silver founder is clear from the Sept. rendering of Jer_6:29. From Plutarch (Opp. 9, 301, 473, ed. Reisk.) and Hesychius it appears that the word signifies any worker in silver or money. A coppersmith named Alexander is mentioned as an opponent of Paul (2Ti_4:14).
Other Heb. terms substantially indicating the handicraft of a smith are: לוֹטֵשׁ, lotesh; Sept. σφυροκόπος; Vulg. malleator, a hammerer (A.V. “instructor”); a term applied to Tubal-cain in Gen_4:22 (see Gesen. Thesaur. p. 530, 755; Saalschutz, Arch. Hebr. 1, 143); and, הוֹלֵ, holem; Sept. ὁ τύπτων, he that smites (A.V. “smootheth”) the anvil (פִּעִ ם, σφῦρα, incus), Isa_41:7, A description of a smith's workshop is given in Ecclus. 28:28. SEE MECHANIC.



CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.

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