Snow
VIEW:30 DATA:01-04-2020
SNOW.Every winter snow falls occasionally in the mountainous districts of Palestine, but seldom lies for more than a few hoursat most for a day or two. The greater part of the year, however, snow, glistening on the shoulders of Great Hermon, is easily seen from most of the higher hills in the country. It is frequently used as a symbol of whiteness and purity (Exo_4:6, Psa_51:7, Isa_1:18, Mat_28:3 etc.). It stands for the cold against which the good housewife provides (Pro_31:21). From Mt. Hermon snow has been carried since olden times to great distances, to refresh the thirsty in the burning heat of summer (Pro_26:1). Water mithl eth-thilj (like the snow) for coolness, is the modern Arabs ideal drink.
W. Ewing.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
(See PALESTINE.) Climate, at the end.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Snow. This historical books of the Bible contain only two notices of snow actually falling ? 2Sa_23:20; 1Ma_13:22; but the allusions in the poetical books are so numerous, that there can be no doubt as to its being an ordinary occurrence in the winter months. Psa_147:16; Psa_148:8.
The snow lies deep in the ravines of the highest ridge of Lebanon, until the summer is far advanced, and, indeed, never wholly disappears; the summit of Hermon also perpetually glistens with frozen snow. From these sources, probably, the Jews obtained their supplies of ice for the purpose of cooling their beverages in summer. Pro_25:13. The liability to snow must, of course, vary considerably in a country of such varying altitude as Palestine. At Jerusalem, snow often falls to the depth of a foot or more in January or February, but it seldom lies. At Nazareth, it falls more frequently and deeply, and it has been observed to fall even in the maritime plain of Joppa, and about Carmel.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
snō (שלג, shelegh, תּלג, telagh (Dan_7:9); χιών, chiṓn): (1) Snow is not uncommon in the winter in Jerusalem, but it never reaches any depth and in many winters it is not seen at all. It usually disappears, for the most part, as soon as the sun appears, though it may ?hide itself? for a time in the gorge cut by a stream (Job_6:16). On lower levels than Jerusalem there is never sufficient to cover the ground, though often there are some flakes seen in the air. Even at sea-level there is occasionally a sufficient fall of hail to cover the ground. A very exceptional snowfall is related in 1 Macc 13:22 at Adora (near Hebron). It was heavy enough to prevent the movement of troops. (2) The tops of the mountains of Lebanon are white with snow for most of the year, and snow may be found in large banks in the valleys and the northern slopes at any time in the summer. Mt. Hermon, 9,200 ft. high, has long streaks of snow in the valleys all the summer. (3) The snow of the mountains is the source of the water of the springs which last throughout the drought of summer. In case the snow fails there is sure to be a lack of water in the fountains: ?Shall the snow of Lebanon fail ... or shall the cold waters that flow down from afar be dried up?? (Jer_18:14). (4) Large quantities of snow are stored in caves in the mountains in winter and are brought down to the cities in summer to be used in place of ice for cooling drinks and refrigerating purposes.
(5) God's power over the elements of Nature is often brought out in the Old Testament: ?For he saith to the snow, Fall thou on the earth? (Job_37:6); but man cannot fathom the works of God: ?Hast thou entered the treasuries of the snow?? (Job_38:22). ?The snowy day? (1Ch_11:22; 2Sa_23:20) and the ?fear of snow? (Pro_31:21) are figurative uses describing winter and cold. ?Snow in summer? (Pro_26:1) would be most out of place, yet it might be most refreshing to the tired workmen in the time of harvest.
(6) Snow is the symbol of purity and cleanness, giving us some of our most beautiful passages of Scripture: ?Wash me and I shall be whiter than snow? (Psa_51:7); ?Though your sins be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow? (Isa_1:18). Carrying the figure farther, snow-water might be expected to have a special value for cleansing: ?If I wash myself with snow-water? (Job_9:30). The most common use in Scripture is to denote whiteness in color and implying purity as well: ?His raiment was white as snow? (Dan_7:9; Mat_28:3; Mar_9:3; Rev_1:14).
(7) The whiteness of leprosy is compared to snow (Exo_4:6; Num_12:10; 2Ki_5:27).
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
2Sa_23:20 (c) The snow would make the sides of the pit very slippery and dangerous. This great servant of David cared nothing about the hazards to his own life. This was characteristic of him as he fought for David.
Job_9:30 (c) The finest efforts of men and the best means of improvement by man are not sufficient to make and keep any person clean in GOD's sight.
Isa_1:18 (a) By this we see the beautiful, stainless character of the one who is cleansed by GOD through the Blood of JESUS CHRIST, His Son.
Isa_55:10 (a) There is sometimes a delay in the entrance of GOD's Word into the heart. Rain falls and does its good work immediately. Snow falls and may remain on the ground quite a long time before it soaks in. So, one may hear a sermon and some parts of it will bless the person immediately, as the rain. Other parts of the message will remain in the heart and mind dormant for years. Then when the proper conditions arise, and the right circumstances exist, the dormant message becomes a living message to the heart.
Rev_1:14 (c) The white hair of our blessed Lord indicates that He is the Ancient of Days, filled with wisdom, knowledge, understanding and experience. It is in contrast to the black hair described in the Son_5:11.
Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types
press 1957.
(שֶׁלֶג, sheleg, so called probably from its glistening; Sept. and New Test. χιών; but δρόσος in Proverbs 26; Vulg. nix). The historical books of the Bible contain only two notices of snow actually falling (2Sa_23:20; 1Ma_13:22), but the allusions in the poetical books are so numerous that there can be no doubt as to its being an ordinary occurrence in the winter months. Thus, for instance, the snowstorm is mentioned among the ordinary operations of nature which are illustrative of the Creator's power (Psa_147:16; Psa_148:8). We have, again, notice of the beneficial effect of snow on the soil (Isa_55:10). Its color is adduced as an image of brilliancy (Dan_7:9; Mat_28:3; Rev_1:14), of purity (Isa_1:18; Lam_4:7, in reference to the white robes of the princes), and of the blanching effects of leprosy (Exo_4:6; Num_12:10; 2Ki_5:27). In the book of Job we have references to the supposed cleansing effects of snow-water (Job_9:30), to the rapid melting of snow under the sun's rays (Job_24:19), and the consequent flooding of the brooks (Job_6:16). The thick falling of the flakes forms the point of comparison in the obscure passage in Psa_68:14. The snow lies deep in the ravines of the highest ridge of Lebanon until the summer is far advanced, and indeed never wholly disappears (Robinson, 3, 531); the summit of Hermonu also perpetually glistens with frozen snow (ibid. 2, 437). From these sources probably the Jews obtained their supplies for the purpose of cooling their beverages in summer (Pro_25:13), as is still done (Hackett, Illust. of Script. p. 53). This allusion removes the apparent contradiction of this passage in Pro_26:1. As snow that is, a fall of snow in summer is unnatural and ill-timed, so honor is not seemly for a fool; but it is quite out of character, out of season. The snow of Lebanon is also used as an expression for the refreshing coolness of spring water, probably in reference to the stream of Siloam (Jer_18:14). Lastly, in Pro_31:21, snow appears to be used as a synonym for winter or cold weather. The liability to snow must of course vary considerably in a country of such varying altitude as Palestine. Josephus notes it as a peculiarity of the low plain of Jericho that it was warm there even when snow was prevalent in the rest of the country (War, 4, 8, 3). At Jerusalem snow often falls to the depth of a foot or more in January and February, but it seldom lies long (Robinson, 1, 429). At Nazareth it falls more frequently and deeply, and it has been observed to fall even in the maritime plain at Joppa and about Carmel (Kitto, Phys. Hist. p. 210). A comparison of the notices of snow contained in Scripture and in the works of modern travelers would, however, lead to the conclusion that more fell in ancient times than at the present day. At Damascus snow falls to the depth of nearly a foot and lies at all events for a few days (Wortabet, Syria, 1, 215, 236). At Aleppo it falls, but never lies for more than a day. (Russell, 1, 69).
Scientifically, snow is nothing more than the frozen visible vapor of which the clouds are formed. A quantity of very minute crystals of ice having been formed, they are enlarged by the condensation and freezing of vapor, and, merging together, constitute flakes, which increase in size during their descent. In equatorial regions snow is unknown at the ocean level, and in all latitudes less than thirty-five degrees it is rare; but it is found in all latitudes in the higher regions of the atmosphere. It would scarcely be supposed that the broad flakes of snow which every blast of wind blows hither and thither as it lists are perfectly formed collections of crystals, delicate in their structure, and regular in their measurement. Flakes of snow are best observed when laced upon objects of a dark color, cooled below the freezing point, a method first described by Kepler, who expressed the highest admiration of their structure. The minute crystals exhibit an endless diversity of regular and beautiful forms. Scoresby described ninety-six varieties of combination; and they probably amount to several hundreds. Snow flakes are understood to belong to the hexagonal system of crystals. Kemtz remarks that flakes which fall at the same time have generally the same form; but if there is an interval between two consecutive falls of snow, the forms of the second are observed to differ from those of the first, although always alike among themselves. The temperature and density of the atmosphere have doubtless an influence upon their structures. Some have thought that the expression treasures of the snow in Job_38:22 has reference to these variegated forms (Kitto, Pict. Bible, ad loc.).
The substance which has received the name of red or crimson-colored snow is common in all alpine districts; yet no one ever pretends to have seen this kind of snow fall. This substance has been observed by Ross, Parry, and others in the Arctic regions; and even green snow was observed about an inch beneath the white by the French Expedition at Spitzbergen. Prof. M. Ch. Martius and his companions in the French Expedition concluded generally that the red and green granules of colored snow are one and the same microscopic plant in different stages of development; that red is the color of the primitive state, which afterwards becomes green under the influence of light and air. This very minute red or crimson- colored plant, sometimes called the Palmetto nivalis, finds nourishment on the surface of the snow within the limits of perpetual congelation; it is also found covering long patches of snow in the Alps and Pyrenees. See Schlichter, De Nive ejusque Usu Antiquo (Hal. 1738). See FROST; ICE.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
W. Ewing.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
(See PALESTINE.) Climate, at the end.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Snow. This historical books of the Bible contain only two notices of snow actually falling ? 2Sa_23:20; 1Ma_13:22; but the allusions in the poetical books are so numerous, that there can be no doubt as to its being an ordinary occurrence in the winter months. Psa_147:16; Psa_148:8.
The snow lies deep in the ravines of the highest ridge of Lebanon, until the summer is far advanced, and, indeed, never wholly disappears; the summit of Hermon also perpetually glistens with frozen snow. From these sources, probably, the Jews obtained their supplies of ice for the purpose of cooling their beverages in summer. Pro_25:13. The liability to snow must, of course, vary considerably in a country of such varying altitude as Palestine. At Jerusalem, snow often falls to the depth of a foot or more in January or February, but it seldom lies. At Nazareth, it falls more frequently and deeply, and it has been observed to fall even in the maritime plain of Joppa, and about Carmel.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
snō (שלג, shelegh, תּלג, telagh (Dan_7:9); χιών, chiṓn): (1) Snow is not uncommon in the winter in Jerusalem, but it never reaches any depth and in many winters it is not seen at all. It usually disappears, for the most part, as soon as the sun appears, though it may ?hide itself? for a time in the gorge cut by a stream (Job_6:16). On lower levels than Jerusalem there is never sufficient to cover the ground, though often there are some flakes seen in the air. Even at sea-level there is occasionally a sufficient fall of hail to cover the ground. A very exceptional snowfall is related in 1 Macc 13:22 at Adora (near Hebron). It was heavy enough to prevent the movement of troops. (2) The tops of the mountains of Lebanon are white with snow for most of the year, and snow may be found in large banks in the valleys and the northern slopes at any time in the summer. Mt. Hermon, 9,200 ft. high, has long streaks of snow in the valleys all the summer. (3) The snow of the mountains is the source of the water of the springs which last throughout the drought of summer. In case the snow fails there is sure to be a lack of water in the fountains: ?Shall the snow of Lebanon fail ... or shall the cold waters that flow down from afar be dried up?? (Jer_18:14). (4) Large quantities of snow are stored in caves in the mountains in winter and are brought down to the cities in summer to be used in place of ice for cooling drinks and refrigerating purposes.
(5) God's power over the elements of Nature is often brought out in the Old Testament: ?For he saith to the snow, Fall thou on the earth? (Job_37:6); but man cannot fathom the works of God: ?Hast thou entered the treasuries of the snow?? (Job_38:22). ?The snowy day? (1Ch_11:22; 2Sa_23:20) and the ?fear of snow? (Pro_31:21) are figurative uses describing winter and cold. ?Snow in summer? (Pro_26:1) would be most out of place, yet it might be most refreshing to the tired workmen in the time of harvest.
(6) Snow is the symbol of purity and cleanness, giving us some of our most beautiful passages of Scripture: ?Wash me and I shall be whiter than snow? (Psa_51:7); ?Though your sins be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow? (Isa_1:18). Carrying the figure farther, snow-water might be expected to have a special value for cleansing: ?If I wash myself with snow-water? (Job_9:30). The most common use in Scripture is to denote whiteness in color and implying purity as well: ?His raiment was white as snow? (Dan_7:9; Mat_28:3; Mar_9:3; Rev_1:14).
(7) The whiteness of leprosy is compared to snow (Exo_4:6; Num_12:10; 2Ki_5:27).
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
2Sa_23:20 (c) The snow would make the sides of the pit very slippery and dangerous. This great servant of David cared nothing about the hazards to his own life. This was characteristic of him as he fought for David.
Job_9:30 (c) The finest efforts of men and the best means of improvement by man are not sufficient to make and keep any person clean in GOD's sight.
Isa_1:18 (a) By this we see the beautiful, stainless character of the one who is cleansed by GOD through the Blood of JESUS CHRIST, His Son.
Isa_55:10 (a) There is sometimes a delay in the entrance of GOD's Word into the heart. Rain falls and does its good work immediately. Snow falls and may remain on the ground quite a long time before it soaks in. So, one may hear a sermon and some parts of it will bless the person immediately, as the rain. Other parts of the message will remain in the heart and mind dormant for years. Then when the proper conditions arise, and the right circumstances exist, the dormant message becomes a living message to the heart.
Rev_1:14 (c) The white hair of our blessed Lord indicates that He is the Ancient of Days, filled with wisdom, knowledge, understanding and experience. It is in contrast to the black hair described in the Son_5:11.
Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types
press 1957.
(שֶׁלֶג, sheleg, so called probably from its glistening; Sept. and New Test. χιών; but δρόσος in Proverbs 26; Vulg. nix). The historical books of the Bible contain only two notices of snow actually falling (2Sa_23:20; 1Ma_13:22), but the allusions in the poetical books are so numerous that there can be no doubt as to its being an ordinary occurrence in the winter months. Thus, for instance, the snowstorm is mentioned among the ordinary operations of nature which are illustrative of the Creator's power (Psa_147:16; Psa_148:8). We have, again, notice of the beneficial effect of snow on the soil (Isa_55:10). Its color is adduced as an image of brilliancy (Dan_7:9; Mat_28:3; Rev_1:14), of purity (Isa_1:18; Lam_4:7, in reference to the white robes of the princes), and of the blanching effects of leprosy (Exo_4:6; Num_12:10; 2Ki_5:27). In the book of Job we have references to the supposed cleansing effects of snow-water (Job_9:30), to the rapid melting of snow under the sun's rays (Job_24:19), and the consequent flooding of the brooks (Job_6:16). The thick falling of the flakes forms the point of comparison in the obscure passage in Psa_68:14. The snow lies deep in the ravines of the highest ridge of Lebanon until the summer is far advanced, and indeed never wholly disappears (Robinson, 3, 531); the summit of Hermonu also perpetually glistens with frozen snow (ibid. 2, 437). From these sources probably the Jews obtained their supplies for the purpose of cooling their beverages in summer (Pro_25:13), as is still done (Hackett, Illust. of Script. p. 53). This allusion removes the apparent contradiction of this passage in Pro_26:1. As snow that is, a fall of snow in summer is unnatural and ill-timed, so honor is not seemly for a fool; but it is quite out of character, out of season. The snow of Lebanon is also used as an expression for the refreshing coolness of spring water, probably in reference to the stream of Siloam (Jer_18:14). Lastly, in Pro_31:21, snow appears to be used as a synonym for winter or cold weather. The liability to snow must of course vary considerably in a country of such varying altitude as Palestine. Josephus notes it as a peculiarity of the low plain of Jericho that it was warm there even when snow was prevalent in the rest of the country (War, 4, 8, 3). At Jerusalem snow often falls to the depth of a foot or more in January and February, but it seldom lies long (Robinson, 1, 429). At Nazareth it falls more frequently and deeply, and it has been observed to fall even in the maritime plain at Joppa and about Carmel (Kitto, Phys. Hist. p. 210). A comparison of the notices of snow contained in Scripture and in the works of modern travelers would, however, lead to the conclusion that more fell in ancient times than at the present day. At Damascus snow falls to the depth of nearly a foot and lies at all events for a few days (Wortabet, Syria, 1, 215, 236). At Aleppo it falls, but never lies for more than a day. (Russell, 1, 69).
Scientifically, snow is nothing more than the frozen visible vapor of which the clouds are formed. A quantity of very minute crystals of ice having been formed, they are enlarged by the condensation and freezing of vapor, and, merging together, constitute flakes, which increase in size during their descent. In equatorial regions snow is unknown at the ocean level, and in all latitudes less than thirty-five degrees it is rare; but it is found in all latitudes in the higher regions of the atmosphere. It would scarcely be supposed that the broad flakes of snow which every blast of wind blows hither and thither as it lists are perfectly formed collections of crystals, delicate in their structure, and regular in their measurement. Flakes of snow are best observed when laced upon objects of a dark color, cooled below the freezing point, a method first described by Kepler, who expressed the highest admiration of their structure. The minute crystals exhibit an endless diversity of regular and beautiful forms. Scoresby described ninety-six varieties of combination; and they probably amount to several hundreds. Snow flakes are understood to belong to the hexagonal system of crystals. Kemtz remarks that flakes which fall at the same time have generally the same form; but if there is an interval between two consecutive falls of snow, the forms of the second are observed to differ from those of the first, although always alike among themselves. The temperature and density of the atmosphere have doubtless an influence upon their structures. Some have thought that the expression treasures of the snow in Job_38:22 has reference to these variegated forms (Kitto, Pict. Bible, ad loc.).
The substance which has received the name of red or crimson-colored snow is common in all alpine districts; yet no one ever pretends to have seen this kind of snow fall. This substance has been observed by Ross, Parry, and others in the Arctic regions; and even green snow was observed about an inch beneath the white by the French Expedition at Spitzbergen. Prof. M. Ch. Martius and his companions in the French Expedition concluded generally that the red and green granules of colored snow are one and the same microscopic plant in different stages of development; that red is the color of the primitive state, which afterwards becomes green under the influence of light and air. This very minute red or crimson- colored plant, sometimes called the Palmetto nivalis, finds nourishment on the surface of the snow within the limits of perpetual congelation; it is also found covering long patches of snow in the Alps and Pyrenees. See Schlichter, De Nive ejusque Usu Antiquo (Hal. 1738). See FROST; ICE.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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