Tamarisk

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TAMARISK (’çshel).—This name occurs in RV [Note: Revised Version.] (only) three times; Gen_21:33 AV [Note: Authorized Version.] ‘grove,’ mg. ‘tree’; 1Sa_22:6 AV [Note: Authorized Version.] ‘tree,’ mg. ‘grove’; 1Sa_31:13 AV [Note: Authorized Version.] ‘tree.’ The RV [Note: Revised Version.] rendering is based upon an identification of the Heb. ’çshel with the Arab. [Note: Arabic.] ’âthl. RVm [Note: Revised Version margin.] gives ‘tamarisk’ for heath of EV [Note: English Version.] in Jer_17:6 (cf. Jer_48:6), but probably a species of juniper is intended here. There are some eight species of tamarisks in Palestine; they are most common in the Maritime Plain and the Jordan Valley. Though mostly but shrubs, some species attain to the size of large trees. They are characterized by their brittle feathery branches and minute scale-like leaves.
E. W. G. Masterman.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909


tam?a-risk: (1) אשׁל, 'ēshel (Gen_21:33, the King James Version ?grove,? margin ?tree?; 1Sa_22:6, the King James Version ?tree,? margin ?grove?; 1Sa_31:13, the King James Version ?tree?). The Revised Version (British and American) translation is due to the similarity of'ēshel to the Arabic 'athl, ?the tamarisk.? (2) ערער, ‛ar‛ār (Jer_17:6 margin (compare Jer_48:6), English Versions of the Bible ?heath? (which see)). The tamarisk (Tamarix, with various species in Palestine, chiefly T. Syriaca) is a very characteristic tree of Palestine, especially in the Maritime Plain, near the sea itself, and in the Jordan Valley. Eight species are described. They are characterized by their brittle, feathery branches and by their tiny scale-like leaves. Some varieties flourish not infrequently in salty soil unsuited to any ordinary vegetation.

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.



Fig. 327?Tamarisk: Tamarix orientalis
This is supposed to be the meaning of the word eshel, which occurs in three places of Scripture, in one of which, in our Authorized Version, it is rendered grove, and in the other two tree. The first notice of this tree is in Gen_21:33, 'And Abraham planted a grove (eshel) in Beersheba, and called there on the name of the Lord.' The second notice is in 1Sa_22:6 : 'Now Saul abode in Gibeah under a tree (eshel) in Ramah, having his spear in his hand, and all his servants were standing about him.' Under such a tree also he and his sons were buried, for it is said (1Sa_31:13), 'And they took their bones, and buried them under a tree (eshel) at Jabesh, and fasted seven days.'
From the characteristics of the tamarisk-tree of the East, it certainly appears as likely as any to have been planted in Beersheba by Abraham, because it is one of the few trees which will flourish and grow to a great size even in the arid desert. It has also a name in Arabic, asul, very similar to the Hebrew eshel. Besides the advantage of affording shade in a hot country, it is also esteemed on account of the excellence of its wood, which is converted into charcoal. It is no less valuable on account of the galls with which its branches are often loaded, and which are nearly as astringent as oak-galls. It is also one of those trees which were esteemed by the ancients.
It is very remarkable that the only tree which is found growing among the ruins of Babylon is a tamarisk. Thus, on the north side of the Kasr, where Ker Porter thought he saw traces of the hanging gardens, there stands upon an artificial eminence a tree to which the Arabs give the name of athela. It is a species of tree altogether foreign to the country. Two of the attendants of Ker Porter, who were natives of Bender Bushire, assured him that there are trees of that kind in their country, which attain a very great age, and are called gaz. 'The one in question is in appearance like the weeping-willow, but the trunk is hollow through age, and partly shattered. The Arabs venerate it as sacred, in consequence of the Caliph Ali having reposed under its shade after the battle of Hillah.'




The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.



SEE GROVE



CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.





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