Topaz

VIEW:17 DATA:01-04-2020
TOPAZ.—See Jewels and Precious Stones.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909


From pitdah (Hebrew) by transposition. One of the hyaline corundum stones, bright yellow. Second in the first row of the high-priest's breast-plate (Exo_28:17; Exo_39:10), ninth foundation stone of the wall of New Jerusalem (Rev_21:20). Job (Job_28:19) represents it as from Ethiopia,; so Strabo (xvi. 770), Diodorus (iii. 39), and Pliny (xxxvii. 32). The king of Tyre wore it; among the nine of the 12 jewels of the high priest's breast-plate; as type of antichrist who shall usurp Christ's king priesthood (Eze_28:13). Septuagint, Vulgate, and Josephus identify the Greek topaz with the Hebrew pitdah; and Smith's Bible Dictionary identifies the topaz as our chrysolite and the ancient chrysolite as our topaz. Pliny (H. N. 37, section 8) speaks of "the green tints of the topaz," meaning our chrysolite.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.


Topaz. Topaz is one of the gems used in the high priest's breastplate, Exo_28:17; Exo_39:10; Eze_28:13, one of the foundations, also, of the New Jerusalem, in St. John's description of the city. Rev_21:20. The topaz of the ancient Greeks and Romans is generally allowed to be our chrysolite, while their chrysolite is our topaz. Chrysolite is a silicate of magnesia and iron; it is so soon as to lose its polish, unless carefully used. It varies in color from a pale-green to a bottle-green. It is supposed that its name was derived from Topazos, an island in the Red Sea, where these stones were procured.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863


פטדה , Exo_28:17; Exo_39:10; Job_28:19; Eze_28:13; τοπαζιον, Rev_21:20; a precious stone of a pale dead green, with a mixture of yellow; and sometimes of fine yellow, like gold. It is very hard, and takes a fine polish. We have the authority of the Septuagint and Josephus for ascertaining this stone. The oriental topazes are most esteemed. Those of Ethiopia were celebrated for their wonderful lustre, Job_28:19.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.


tō?paz. See STONES, PRECIOUS.

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.


A precious stone; one of those which were in the breastplate of the high-priest (Exo_28:17), and the origin of which is referred to Cush (Job_28:19). It has been identified with the gem to which the moderns have applied that name. This is a precious stone, having a strong glass luster. Its prevailing color is wine-yellow of every degree of shade. The dark shade of this color passes over into carnation red, and sometimes, although rarely, into lilac; the pale shade of the wine-yellow passes into grayish; and from yellowish-white into greenish-white and pale green, tincal and celadon-green. It may thus be difficult to determine whether the stone in question was the yellow topaz; but that it was a topaz there is little reason to doubt.
It is clear that the stone was highly prized by the Hebrews. Job declares that wisdom was more precious than the topaz of Cush (Job_28:19); and as the name Cush includes Southern Arabia and the Arabian Gulf, the intimation coincides with the statement of Pliny and others, that the topazes known to them came from the Topaz Island in the Red Sea, whence they was probably brought by the Phoenicians. In Eze_28:13, the topaz is named among the precious stones with which the King of Tyre was decked.




The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.



(פַּטְדָּה,pitdah', apparently of non-Heb. etymology; Sept. τοπάζιον; Vulg. topazius), a gem which was the second stone in the first row of the high- priest's breastplate (Exo_28:17; Exo_39:10). It was one of the jewels that adorned the apparel of the king of Tyre (Eze_28:13); it was the bright stone that garnished the ninth foundation of the heavenly Jerusalem (Rev_21:20). In Job_28:19, where wisdom is contrasted with precious articles, it is said that “the pitdah of Ethiopia shall not equal it.” It is, according to most ancient versions, the topaz (τοπάζιον; Josephuls, τόπαζος), which most of the ancient Greek writers describe as being of a golden yellow color (Strabo, 16:770; Diod. Sic. 3, 39); while Pliny (Hist. Nat. 37:32) states that its color is green. The topaz of the ancient Greeks and Romans is generally thought to be our chrysolite, while their chrysolite is our topaz. Chrysolite, which is also known by the name of olivine and peridot, is a silicate of magnesia and iron , it is so soft as to lose its polish unless worn with care (Mitchell and Tennant, Minecralogy and Crystallography; p. 512). SEE CHRYSOLITE.
“Bellermann, however (Die Urim und Thummim, p. 39), contends that the topaz and the chrysolite of the ancients are identical with the stones denoted by these terms at the present day. The topaz is a precious stone having a strong glass luster. Its prevailing color is wine-yellow of every degree of shade. The dark shade of this color passes over into carnation red, and sometimes, although rarely, into lilac; the pale shade of the wine-yellow passes into grayish, and from yellowish-white into greenish-white and pale green, tincal, and celadon- green. It may thus be difficult to determine whether the pitdah in the high- priest's breastplate was the yellow topaz; but that it was a topaz there is little reason to doubt. In the passage cited from Job the pitdah is connected with, Cush; and as the name Cush includes Southern Arabia and the Arabian Gulf, the intimation coincides with the statement of Pliny and others, that the topazes known to them came from the Topaz Island in the Red Sea (Hist. Nat. 37:8; comp. 11:29), whence it was probably brought by the Phoenicians (comp. Eze_28:13). SEE ETHIOPIA. Pliny adds, in explanation of ‘the name, that the island where these precious stones were procured was surrounded by fogs, and was, in consequence, often sought for by navigators; and that hence it received its name, the term “topazin” signifying, in the Troglodyte tongue, “to seek” (?).
It may be remarked that Bohlen seeks the origin of the Hebrew word' in the Sanskrit language, in which pita means “yellowish,” “pale;” and, as Gesenius remarks, the Greek τοπάζιο νitself might seem to come from the Hebrew Tif'5 by transposition into טפדה(Thesaur. p. 1101). See Braunius, De Vestitu, p. 508; Hofmann, Mineral. 1, 337; Pareau, Comment on Job. p. 333; Ritter, Erdkunde, 2, 675. SEE GEM.



CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.





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