Wheel
VIEW:14 DATA:01-04-2020
WHEEL.The various parts of a cart or chariot wheel are enumerated in connexion with the bronze wheels of Solomons lavers (1Ki_7:30; 1Ki_7:32 f.). In RV [Note: Revised Version.] v. 33 reads: And the work of the wheels was like the work of a chariot wheel: their axletrees, and their felloes, and their spokes, and their naves were all molten (cf. AV [Note: Authorized Version.] ). In carts and chariots the essential parts were, of course, of wood. The felloes were made in segments dowelled together. For illustt. see Wilkinson. Anc. Egy. i, 234 ff. The finest specimen of a Roman chariot wheel as yet found has the felloe, which is formed of a single piece of wood bent, and the nave shod with iron, the latter being also bushed with iron (Scott, Hist. Rev., Oct. 1905, p. 123, with illust.). For the potters wheel, see Potter. Wells and cisterns were also furnished with wheels, over which the rope passed for drawing up the water-bucket (Ecc_12:6). See also Cart, Chariot.
A. R. S. Kennedy.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
hwēl: (1) אופן, 'ōphan, is the usual word (Exo_14:25, etc.). In Pro_20:26; Isa_28:27 the rollers of a threshing wagon are meant (see AGRICULTURE). (2) גּלגּל, galgal, ?rolling thing,? generally in the sense of ?wheel? (Isa_5:28, etc.), but the Revised Version (British and American) in Eze_10:2, Eze_10:6, Eze_10:13 has ?whirling wheels,? an advantageous change. The ?wheel ... broken at the cistern? in Ecc_12:6 is the windlass for drawing the water, and by the figure the breakdown of the old man's breathing apparatus is probably meant. In Psa_83:13, the King James Version has ?wheel,? but this translation (that of the Septuagint) is quite impossible; the Revised Version (British and American) ?whirling dust? (sucked up by a miniature whirlwind) is perhaps right, but the translations proposed are end-less. (3) גּלגּל, gilgal, Isa_28:28, the roller of a threshing wagon. (4) אבנים, 'obhnayim, Jer_18:3. See POTTER. (5) פּעם, pa‛am, Jdg_5:28, literally, ?step? (so the Revised Version margin), and the sound of horses' hoofs is intended. (6) τροχός, trochós, Sirach 33:5; Jam_3:6 (the King James Version ?course?). In the former passage, ?The heart of a fool is as a cart-wheel,? the changeableness of a light disposition is satirized. In James the figure is of a wheel in rotation, so that a flame starting at any point is quickly communicated to the whole. Just so an apparently insignificant sin of the tongue produces an incalculably destructive effect.
The phrase ?wheel of nature? (τροχὸς τῆς γενέσεως, trochós tḗs genéseos) is used here for ?the world in progress.? It is not a very natural figure and has given rise to much discussion. the King James Version accents trochós (?course?) instead of trochós (? wheel?). but the language throughout is metaphorical and ?course? is not a sufficiently metaphorical word. The translation ?birth? for geneseōs (so the Revised Version margin). i.e. ?a wheel set in motion by birth.? is out of the question. as the argument turns on results wider than any individual's existence. ?Wheel of nature? is certainly right. But a comparison of life to a wheel in some sense or other (chiefly that of ?Fortune's wheel?) is common enough in Greek and Latin writers, and, indeed the exact combination trochos geneseōs is found in at least one (Orphic) writer (full references in the commentaries of Mayor and W. Bauer). It would seem, then, that James had heard the phrase, and he used it as a striking figure, with entire indifference to any technical significance it might have. This supposition is preferable to that of an awkward translation from the Aramaic. See COURSE.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Psa_83:13 (a) We may believe that it is a type of a rolling, moving mass, with no anchorage, no certain dwelling place, and no goal. It describes the enemies of GOD, and their fickle character.
Ecc_12:6 (c) It is generally believed that this refers to the human heart which fails at the end of the journey, and therefore cannot again pump the blood. It occurs in the midst of the story of old age in which various parts of the body become unfit for service.
Jer_18:3 (a) This type represents the processes of GOD wherein He molds and shapes either a person or a nation into the kind of vessel He desires. It represents the training He gives, and sometimes the whipping necessary in order that He may obtain the result He wishes to have.
Eze_1:15 (b) Wheels always represent progress, motion, purpose, accomplishment. In this Scripture the wheels represent the power of GOD in action. The wheel within a wheel represents the inner motions, purposes and desires of our Lord within Himself. These cause the outer actions which we see, and which are represented by the big wheels. The rims of these wheels reach unto Heaven to inform us that the purposes and works of GOD are higher than ours, too high for our comprehension. The eyes on the wheels represent the omniscience of the Spirit of GOD, who knows full well what He is doing, and understands all the purposes of GOD. He sees the end from the beginning, and nothing is hidden from His sight. (See also Dan_7:9).
Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types
press 1957.
(usually and properly [of a carriage] (אוֹפִן, ophán, which is invariably so rendered; sometimes [of any circular object] גִּלְגִּל, galgál, Psa_88:13; Ecc_12:6; Isa_17:13; Jer_47:3; Eze_10:2; Eze_10:6; Eze_10:13; Eze_23:24; Eze_26:10; heaven, Psa_77:18; Dan_7:9; rolling thing, Isa_17:13; or גּלְגִּל, galgál, Isa_28:28; occasionally פִּעִם, páam, Judges 5, 28, a step, as often elsewhere; אָבְנִיַם, obnayim, Jer_18:3, of a potter's wheel). We find that the wheels under the brazen laver in Solomon's Temple were cast; they are thus described by the sacred historian: And the work of the wheels was like the work of a chariot-wheel; their axletrees, and their naves, and their felloes and their spokes were all molten(1Ki_7:33). This is illustrated by the Egyptian chariots. A wheel has been found by Dr. Abbott of a curious construction, having a wooden tire to the felloe, and an inner circle, probably of metal, which passed through and connected its spokes a short distance from the nave (A, A). The diameter of the wheel was about three feet one inch. The felloe was in six pieces, the end of one overlapping the other. The tire was fastened to it by bands of rawhide passing through long, narrow holes (B, B) made to receive them (Wilkinson, Anc. Egypt. 1, 382). Among the ancient Assyrians the wheels originally had six spokes, and the felloes consisted of four pieces. They appear to have been thicker and more solid than those of the Egyptians (Layard, Nineveh, 2, 270). Later the wheel had eight and not six spokes, and was apparently strengthened by four pieces of metal, which bound the felloes (ibid. p. 271). SEE CHARIOT.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
A. R. S. Kennedy.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
hwēl: (1) אופן, 'ōphan, is the usual word (Exo_14:25, etc.). In Pro_20:26; Isa_28:27 the rollers of a threshing wagon are meant (see AGRICULTURE). (2) גּלגּל, galgal, ?rolling thing,? generally in the sense of ?wheel? (Isa_5:28, etc.), but the Revised Version (British and American) in Eze_10:2, Eze_10:6, Eze_10:13 has ?whirling wheels,? an advantageous change. The ?wheel ... broken at the cistern? in Ecc_12:6 is the windlass for drawing the water, and by the figure the breakdown of the old man's breathing apparatus is probably meant. In Psa_83:13, the King James Version has ?wheel,? but this translation (that of the Septuagint) is quite impossible; the Revised Version (British and American) ?whirling dust? (sucked up by a miniature whirlwind) is perhaps right, but the translations proposed are end-less. (3) גּלגּל, gilgal, Isa_28:28, the roller of a threshing wagon. (4) אבנים, 'obhnayim, Jer_18:3. See POTTER. (5) פּעם, pa‛am, Jdg_5:28, literally, ?step? (so the Revised Version margin), and the sound of horses' hoofs is intended. (6) τροχός, trochós, Sirach 33:5; Jam_3:6 (the King James Version ?course?). In the former passage, ?The heart of a fool is as a cart-wheel,? the changeableness of a light disposition is satirized. In James the figure is of a wheel in rotation, so that a flame starting at any point is quickly communicated to the whole. Just so an apparently insignificant sin of the tongue produces an incalculably destructive effect.
The phrase ?wheel of nature? (τροχὸς τῆς γενέσεως, trochós tḗs genéseos) is used here for ?the world in progress.? It is not a very natural figure and has given rise to much discussion. the King James Version accents trochós (?course?) instead of trochós (? wheel?). but the language throughout is metaphorical and ?course? is not a sufficiently metaphorical word. The translation ?birth? for geneseōs (so the Revised Version margin). i.e. ?a wheel set in motion by birth.? is out of the question. as the argument turns on results wider than any individual's existence. ?Wheel of nature? is certainly right. But a comparison of life to a wheel in some sense or other (chiefly that of ?Fortune's wheel?) is common enough in Greek and Latin writers, and, indeed the exact combination trochos geneseōs is found in at least one (Orphic) writer (full references in the commentaries of Mayor and W. Bauer). It would seem, then, that James had heard the phrase, and he used it as a striking figure, with entire indifference to any technical significance it might have. This supposition is preferable to that of an awkward translation from the Aramaic. See COURSE.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Psa_83:13 (a) We may believe that it is a type of a rolling, moving mass, with no anchorage, no certain dwelling place, and no goal. It describes the enemies of GOD, and their fickle character.
Ecc_12:6 (c) It is generally believed that this refers to the human heart which fails at the end of the journey, and therefore cannot again pump the blood. It occurs in the midst of the story of old age in which various parts of the body become unfit for service.
Jer_18:3 (a) This type represents the processes of GOD wherein He molds and shapes either a person or a nation into the kind of vessel He desires. It represents the training He gives, and sometimes the whipping necessary in order that He may obtain the result He wishes to have.
Eze_1:15 (b) Wheels always represent progress, motion, purpose, accomplishment. In this Scripture the wheels represent the power of GOD in action. The wheel within a wheel represents the inner motions, purposes and desires of our Lord within Himself. These cause the outer actions which we see, and which are represented by the big wheels. The rims of these wheels reach unto Heaven to inform us that the purposes and works of GOD are higher than ours, too high for our comprehension. The eyes on the wheels represent the omniscience of the Spirit of GOD, who knows full well what He is doing, and understands all the purposes of GOD. He sees the end from the beginning, and nothing is hidden from His sight. (See also Dan_7:9).
Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types
press 1957.
(usually and properly [of a carriage] (אוֹפִן, ophán, which is invariably so rendered; sometimes [of any circular object] גִּלְגִּל, galgál, Psa_88:13; Ecc_12:6; Isa_17:13; Jer_47:3; Eze_10:2; Eze_10:6; Eze_10:13; Eze_23:24; Eze_26:10; heaven, Psa_77:18; Dan_7:9; rolling thing, Isa_17:13; or גּלְגִּל, galgál, Isa_28:28; occasionally פִּעִם, páam, Judges 5, 28, a step, as often elsewhere; אָבְנִיַם, obnayim, Jer_18:3, of a potter's wheel). We find that the wheels under the brazen laver in Solomon's Temple were cast; they are thus described by the sacred historian: And the work of the wheels was like the work of a chariot-wheel; their axletrees, and their naves, and their felloes and their spokes were all molten(1Ki_7:33). This is illustrated by the Egyptian chariots. A wheel has been found by Dr. Abbott of a curious construction, having a wooden tire to the felloe, and an inner circle, probably of metal, which passed through and connected its spokes a short distance from the nave (A, A). The diameter of the wheel was about three feet one inch. The felloe was in six pieces, the end of one overlapping the other. The tire was fastened to it by bands of rawhide passing through long, narrow holes (B, B) made to receive them (Wilkinson, Anc. Egypt. 1, 382). Among the ancient Assyrians the wheels originally had six spokes, and the felloes consisted of four pieces. They appear to have been thicker and more solid than those of the Egyptians (Layard, Nineveh, 2, 270). Later the wheel had eight and not six spokes, and was apparently strengthened by four pieces of metal, which bound the felloes (ibid. p. 271). SEE CHARIOT.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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