Standards

VIEW:16 DATA:01-04-2020
Standards. The Assyrian standards were emblematic of their religion, and were, therefore, the more valuable as instruments for leading and guiding men in the army. The forms of the standards were
imitations of animals,
emblems of deities, and
symbols of power and wisdom.
Many of them were crude, but others were highly artistic, and of great cost. The Egyptian standards were designed in the same idea as those of the Romans, exhibiting some sacred emblem, or a god in the form of an animal, a group of victory, or the king's name or his portrait as, of lower, and of upper, Egypt, or an emblematic sign.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863


stand?ardz. See WAR, 5.; BANNER; ASTRONOMY, II, 7.

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.



Fig. 322?1. Bactrian eagle;
2. Persian vexillum;
3. Standard of Sesostris;
4. Egyptian ensign set in a frame, signal of castrametation and of direction;
5. Telegraphic ensign, varying with each Pharaoh;
6. Subordinate Egyptian ensigns;
7. Tribal tablet;
8. Plume ensign used in temples.
Standards and ensigns are to be regarded as efficient instruments for maintaining the ranks and files of bodies of troops; and in Num_2:2 they are particularly noticed, the Israelites being not only enjoined to encamp 'each by the standard of his tribe and the ensign of his father's house,' but, as the sense evidently implies, in orders or lines. It is clear, when this verse is considered in connection with the religious, military, and battle pictures on Egyptian monuments, that the Hebrews had ensigns of at least three kinds, namely;
The great standards of the tribes, serving as rallying signals for marching, forming in battle array, and for encamping;
The divisional standards of clans; and,
Those of houses or families; which after the occupation of the Promised Land may gradually have been applied more immediately to corps and companies, when the tribes, as such, no longer regularly took the field.
It is very difficult to determine what were the form, colors, materials, and symbols of the Hebrew ensigns; but we may be certain that they could not have resembled modern banners, as has been generally supposed. We know that as early as the days of the exode of Israel the Egyptians had ensigns of different kinds, and it is very likely that the standards in use among that people were, under proper modifications, adopted by the Israelites when they were about to become wanderers over desert regions where order and discipline, directing signals, telegraphs, and indications of water would be most useful.




The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.





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