Band
VIEW:47 DATA:01-04-2020
BAND.This spelling represents three historically distinct English words: (1) Band in the sense of that which bindsthe rendering of a variety of Heb. words, some of which are also rendered by bond. (2) Band in the sense of ribbon (Exo_39:23 RV [Note: Revised Version.] binding), or sash (Exo_28:8 etc. RV [Note: Revised Version.] girdle). (3) Band in the sense of a company of soldiers, more or less organized, as the rendering of several Heb. words, some of there ranged in RV [Note: Revised Version.] into companies (Gen_32:7) or troop (1Ki_11:24) or hordes (Eze_38:6; Eze_38:9).
In NT band in this third sense renders speira, the Gr. equivalent of the Roman cohors (for the Roman army in NT times see Legion). In the minor provinces such as Judæa the troops were entirely auxiliaries, of which the unit was the cohort of about 500, in certain cases 1000, men. The Roman garrison in Jerusalem consisted of such a cohort of provincials, probably 1000 strong, the band which figures prominently both in the Gospels and in the Acts (Mat_27:27, Mar_15:16, Act_21:31, and probably Joh_18:3; Joh_18:12RVm [Note: Revised Version margin.] cohort throughout). This cohort was under the command of a Roman prefect or of a military tribune, the captain or chief captain (Gr. chiliarch) of our EV [Note: English Version.] .
Another auxiliary cohort is probably that named the Augustan band (Act_27:1Gr. Sebaste; AV [Note: Authorized Version.] Augustus band). It has been much debated whether the name is a title of honour like our Kings Own, or a territorial designation signifying that the cohort in question was recruited from Samaria, then named Sebaste (= Augusta). Schürer (GJ V3 i. 462) curiously would combine both these views. Ramsay, on the other hand, maintains that the Augustan band was a popular, not an official, name for a body of troops detailed for some special service by the emperor (St. Paul the Traveller, p. 315). A similar uncertainty as to its place in the military organization of the time attaches to the Italian band in which Cornelius was a centurion (Act_10:1). The name merely shows that it was a cohort of Roman citizens, probably volunteers, from Italy, as opposed to the ordinary cohorts of provincials.
A. R. S. Kennedy.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
Band. The "band of Roman soldiers" referred to in Mat_27:27, and elsewhere, was the tenth part of a legion. It was called a "cohort," and numbered 400 to 600 men. See Army.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
The English word has two generic meanings, each shading off into several specific meanings: (1) that which holds together, binds or encircles: a bond; (2) a company of men. The second sense may philologically and logically have been derived from the first, men being held together by social ties. Both meanings appear in Old Testament and New Testament representing various Hebrew and Greek words.
(1) A band (a) (אסוּר, 'ēc̣ūr): a flaxen rope (Jdg_15:14); a band of iron and brass (Dan_4:15, Dan_4:23); metaphorically used of a false woman's hands (Ecc_7:26). (b) (חבל, ḥebhel): ?The bands of the wicked have robbed me? (the King James Version of Psa_119:61), where ?bands? = ?troops? by mistr; the Revised Version (British and American) ?The cords of the wicked have wrapped me round?; plural ḥobhlim = ?bands? = the name of the prophet's symbolic staff representing the brotherhood between Judah and Israel (Zec_11:7, Zec_11:14). (c) (עבת, ‛ăbhōth): ?I drew them with cords of a man, with bands of love? (Hos_11:4; compare Eze_3:25; Eze_4:8; Job_39:10). (d) (שפה, sāphāh): the edge of the round opening in the robe of the ephod with a band (the Revised Version (British and American) ?binding?) round about the hole of it (only in Exo_39:23). (e) (חרצבּות, ḥarcǔbbōth): bands (the Revised Version (British and American) ?bonds?) of wickedness (Isa_58:6); bands (= pains) in death (Psa_73:4); the Revised Version, margin (?pangs,? Cheyne, ?torments?). (f) (מוטה, mōṭāh): the cross bar of oxen's yoke, holding them together (Lev_26:13; Eze_34:27 the King James Version; the Revised Version (British and American) ?bars?). (g) (מוסר, mōṣēr): a fetter: ?Who hath loosed the bonds of the swift ass?? (Job_39:5; Psa_2:3; Psa_107:14; Isa_28:22; Isa_52:2; Jer_2:20; all in the King James Version and the Revised Version (British and American)). The same Hebrew word (in Psa_116:16; Jer_5:5; Jer_27:2; Jer_30:8; Nah_1:13) is translated ?bonds? in the King James Version, and in the English Revised Version of Psa_116:16, and Nah_1:13, but ?bands? in the English Revised Version of Jer_5:5; Jer_27:2; Jer_30:8; the American Standard Revised Version has ?bonds? throughout. See BOND. (h) (מושׁכות, mōshekhōth): ?Canst thou ... loose the bands of Orion?? (only in Job_38:31). (i) (δεσμός, desmós, σύνδεσμος, súndesmos): a fetter: that which binds together: of the chains of a lunatic or prisoner (Luk_8:29; Act_16:26; Act_22:30 the King James Version), metaphorically of the mystic union of Christ and the church (Col_2:19). These words are often translated by ?bond? in the King James Version and the Revised Version (British and American). (j) (ζευκτηρία, zeuktērı́a): the rudder's bands (only in Act_27:40).
(2) A company of men (a) (גּדוּד, gedhūdh): a band of soldiers (2Sa_4:2; 1Ki_11:24, the King James Version; 2Ki_6:23; 2Ki_13:20, 2Ki_13:21; 2Ki_24:2; 1Ch_7:4; 1Ch_12:18, 1Ch_12:21; 2Ch_22:1). So the Revised Version (British and American) (except in 1Ki_11:24, ?troop?). (b) (ראש, rō'sh): ?head? = ?division?: ?The Chaldeans made three bands? (Job_1:17); 1Ch_12:23 the Revised Version (British and American) translates ?heads.? (c) (חיל, ḥayil): ?a band of men? the Revised Version (British and American) the ?host? (only in 1Sa_10:26). (d) (אגפים, 'ăghappı̄m): ?the wings of an army,? only in Ezekiel, armies of the King of Judah (Eze_12:14; Eze_17:21); of Gomer and of Togarmah (Eze_38:6); of Gog (the Revised Version (British and American) ?hordes?) (Eze_38:9, Eze_38:22; Eze_39:4). (e) (מחנה, maḥăneh): ?camp?: only in Gen_32:7, Gen_32:10; the Revised Version (British and American) ?companies.? (f) (חצץ, ḥocec): of locusts dividing into companies or swarms (Pro_30:27). (g) (σπεῖρα, speı́ra): usually a ?cohort? (see the Revised Version, margin) of Roman soldiers; the tenth part of a legion, about 600 men: (Mat_27:27; Mar_15:16; Act_10:1; Act_21:31; Act_27:1). A smaller detachment of soldiers (Joh_18:3, Joh_18:12; compare 2 Macc 8:23; Judith 1:4:11). (h) (ποιεῖν συστροφήν, poieı́n sustrophḗn): ?to make a conspiracy?: ?The Jews banded together? (Act_23:12).
(3) The Augustan Band (σπεῖρα Σεβαστή, speı́ra Sebastḗ) to which Julius, the Roman centurion who had charge of Paul as a prisoner on his voyage to Rome, belonged, was a cohort apparently stationed at Caesarea at the time (Act_27:1). Sch?rer (GJV, I3, 461 f) is of opinion that it was one of five cohorts mentioned by Josephus, recruited in Samaria and called Sebastenes from the Greek name of the city of Samaria (Sebaste). This particular cohort had in all likelihood for its full name Cohors Augusta Sebastenorum, Augusta being an honorific title of which examples are found in the case of auxiliary troops. Sir William Ramsay, following Mommsen (St. Paul the Traveler, 315, 348), thinks it denotes a body of legionary centurions, selected from legions serving abroad, who were employed by the emperor on confidential business between the provinces and Rome, the title Augustan being conferred upon them as a mark of favor and distinction. The grounds on which the views of Mommsen and Ramsay rest are questioned by Professor Zahn (Introduction to the New Testament, I, 551ff), and more evidence is needed to establish them. See ARMY, ROMAN.
(4) The Italian Band (σπεῖρα ἰταλική, speı́ra Italikḗ) was a cohort composed of volunteer Roman citizens born in Italy and stationed at Caesarea at this time (Act_10:1). Sch?rer maintains that there could have been no Roman cohort there at this time, although he accepts the testimony of inscriptions to the presence of an Italian cohort at a later time. He accordingly rejects the story of Cornelius, holding that the author of the Acts has given in this narrative conditions belonging to a later time (GJV, I3, 462 f). In reply to Sch?rer, Blass asks why one of the five cohorts mentioned by Josephus may not have been composed of Roman citizens living at Caesarea or Sebaste, and bearing this name (Blass, Acta Apostolorum, 124). From a recently discovered inscription, Sir W. M. Ramsay has ascertained that there was an Italian cohort stationed in Syria in 69 ad, which heightens the probability of one actually being found in Caesarea at 41-44 ad, and he shows that even if his cohort was at the time on duty elsewhere a centurion like Cornelius might well have been at Caesarea at the time mentioned (Expositor, 5th series, IV, V, with Sch?rer's rejoinder). The subject of detached service in the provinces of the Roman Empire is admittedly obscure, but nothing emerges in this discussion to cast doubt upon the historical character of Luke's narrative. See ARMY, ROMAN.
.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Band
the representative of several Hebrews and Gr. words, and in the N.T. especially of σπεῖρα, a COHORT SEE COHORT (q- v.).
Band
a part of clerical dress, said to be a relic of the ancient amice (q.v.). It belongs to the full dress of the bar and university in England. In Scotland it distinguishes ordained ministers from licentiates or probationers, and is said to be a remnant of the old cravat worn universally by the clergy a hundred years ago. (Eadie.) It is worn in the Church of England, in the Protestant Episcopal Church in America, and by the Protestant ministers of the Continental churches of Europe generally. SEE CLERGY, Dress of the.
Band
(figuratively used). Government and laws are bands that restrain from sin and draw into the path of righteousness (Psa_2:3; Jer_5:5). Slavery, distress, fears, and perplexity are called bands because they restrain liberty, and create irritation (Lev_26:13; Eze_34:27; Psalm 28:22). Sinful customs or meretricious allurements are bands; they enslave, weaken, degrade, and embitter the soul; they are fetters that at first may seem soft as silk, but are found at last to be stronger than iron (Isa_58:6; Ecc_7:26). The wicked often have no bands in their death; that is, they frequently die without any peculiar distress, fear, or perplexity, such as might be expected to stamp their real character and condition on the verge of their future woe (Psa_73:4; Ecc_7:15; Ecc_9:2). Faith and love are bands which unite and fasten every believer to Christ, and to the whole body of his holy people (Col_2:19). The authority, arguments, instances, and influence of divine love, because they draw and engage us to follow the Lord in a way suited to our rational nature, are generally supposed to be intended in Hos_11:4 by the bands of a man.
Band
in architecture, is a flat face or fascia, a square moulding, or a continuous tablet or series of ornaments, etc., encircling a building or continued along a wall. Bands of panelling on the outer surface of the wall are very usual in rich work of the Perpendicular style, especially on the lower part of a tower, and sometimes higher up between the stories also, as in the rich Somersetshire towers, and in Northamptonshire and Oxfordshire, and, indeed, wherever rich churches of this style are found. This kind of ornament is, however, used in the earlier styles also, though less frequently. See also a good illustration from Yelvertoft Church under SEE PERPENDICULAR STYLE.
Band is also a name for the moulding or suite of mouldings which encircles the pillars and small shafts in Gothic architecture, the use of which was most prevalent in the Early English style. Bands of this description are not unfrequently met with in very late Norman work, but they show that it is verging towards the succeeding style; they are also occasionally to be found in early Decorated work. When the shafts are long they are often encircled by several bands at equal distances apart between the cap and base. SEE TABLET.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
In NT band in this third sense renders speira, the Gr. equivalent of the Roman cohors (for the Roman army in NT times see Legion). In the minor provinces such as Judæa the troops were entirely auxiliaries, of which the unit was the cohort of about 500, in certain cases 1000, men. The Roman garrison in Jerusalem consisted of such a cohort of provincials, probably 1000 strong, the band which figures prominently both in the Gospels and in the Acts (Mat_27:27, Mar_15:16, Act_21:31, and probably Joh_18:3; Joh_18:12RVm [Note: Revised Version margin.] cohort throughout). This cohort was under the command of a Roman prefect or of a military tribune, the captain or chief captain (Gr. chiliarch) of our EV [Note: English Version.] .
Another auxiliary cohort is probably that named the Augustan band (Act_27:1Gr. Sebaste; AV [Note: Authorized Version.] Augustus band). It has been much debated whether the name is a title of honour like our Kings Own, or a territorial designation signifying that the cohort in question was recruited from Samaria, then named Sebaste (= Augusta). Schürer (GJ V3 i. 462) curiously would combine both these views. Ramsay, on the other hand, maintains that the Augustan band was a popular, not an official, name for a body of troops detailed for some special service by the emperor (St. Paul the Traveller, p. 315). A similar uncertainty as to its place in the military organization of the time attaches to the Italian band in which Cornelius was a centurion (Act_10:1). The name merely shows that it was a cohort of Roman citizens, probably volunteers, from Italy, as opposed to the ordinary cohorts of provincials.
A. R. S. Kennedy.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
Band. The "band of Roman soldiers" referred to in Mat_27:27, and elsewhere, was the tenth part of a legion. It was called a "cohort," and numbered 400 to 600 men. See Army.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
The English word has two generic meanings, each shading off into several specific meanings: (1) that which holds together, binds or encircles: a bond; (2) a company of men. The second sense may philologically and logically have been derived from the first, men being held together by social ties. Both meanings appear in Old Testament and New Testament representing various Hebrew and Greek words.
(1) A band (a) (אסוּר, 'ēc̣ūr): a flaxen rope (Jdg_15:14); a band of iron and brass (Dan_4:15, Dan_4:23); metaphorically used of a false woman's hands (Ecc_7:26). (b) (חבל, ḥebhel): ?The bands of the wicked have robbed me? (the King James Version of Psa_119:61), where ?bands? = ?troops? by mistr; the Revised Version (British and American) ?The cords of the wicked have wrapped me round?; plural ḥobhlim = ?bands? = the name of the prophet's symbolic staff representing the brotherhood between Judah and Israel (Zec_11:7, Zec_11:14). (c) (עבת, ‛ăbhōth): ?I drew them with cords of a man, with bands of love? (Hos_11:4; compare Eze_3:25; Eze_4:8; Job_39:10). (d) (שפה, sāphāh): the edge of the round opening in the robe of the ephod with a band (the Revised Version (British and American) ?binding?) round about the hole of it (only in Exo_39:23). (e) (חרצבּות, ḥarcǔbbōth): bands (the Revised Version (British and American) ?bonds?) of wickedness (Isa_58:6); bands (= pains) in death (Psa_73:4); the Revised Version, margin (?pangs,? Cheyne, ?torments?). (f) (מוטה, mōṭāh): the cross bar of oxen's yoke, holding them together (Lev_26:13; Eze_34:27 the King James Version; the Revised Version (British and American) ?bars?). (g) (מוסר, mōṣēr): a fetter: ?Who hath loosed the bonds of the swift ass?? (Job_39:5; Psa_2:3; Psa_107:14; Isa_28:22; Isa_52:2; Jer_2:20; all in the King James Version and the Revised Version (British and American)). The same Hebrew word (in Psa_116:16; Jer_5:5; Jer_27:2; Jer_30:8; Nah_1:13) is translated ?bonds? in the King James Version, and in the English Revised Version of Psa_116:16, and Nah_1:13, but ?bands? in the English Revised Version of Jer_5:5; Jer_27:2; Jer_30:8; the American Standard Revised Version has ?bonds? throughout. See BOND. (h) (מושׁכות, mōshekhōth): ?Canst thou ... loose the bands of Orion?? (only in Job_38:31). (i) (δεσμός, desmós, σύνδεσμος, súndesmos): a fetter: that which binds together: of the chains of a lunatic or prisoner (Luk_8:29; Act_16:26; Act_22:30 the King James Version), metaphorically of the mystic union of Christ and the church (Col_2:19). These words are often translated by ?bond? in the King James Version and the Revised Version (British and American). (j) (ζευκτηρία, zeuktērı́a): the rudder's bands (only in Act_27:40).
(2) A company of men (a) (גּדוּד, gedhūdh): a band of soldiers (2Sa_4:2; 1Ki_11:24, the King James Version; 2Ki_6:23; 2Ki_13:20, 2Ki_13:21; 2Ki_24:2; 1Ch_7:4; 1Ch_12:18, 1Ch_12:21; 2Ch_22:1). So the Revised Version (British and American) (except in 1Ki_11:24, ?troop?). (b) (ראש, rō'sh): ?head? = ?division?: ?The Chaldeans made three bands? (Job_1:17); 1Ch_12:23 the Revised Version (British and American) translates ?heads.? (c) (חיל, ḥayil): ?a band of men? the Revised Version (British and American) the ?host? (only in 1Sa_10:26). (d) (אגפים, 'ăghappı̄m): ?the wings of an army,? only in Ezekiel, armies of the King of Judah (Eze_12:14; Eze_17:21); of Gomer and of Togarmah (Eze_38:6); of Gog (the Revised Version (British and American) ?hordes?) (Eze_38:9, Eze_38:22; Eze_39:4). (e) (מחנה, maḥăneh): ?camp?: only in Gen_32:7, Gen_32:10; the Revised Version (British and American) ?companies.? (f) (חצץ, ḥocec): of locusts dividing into companies or swarms (Pro_30:27). (g) (σπεῖρα, speı́ra): usually a ?cohort? (see the Revised Version, margin) of Roman soldiers; the tenth part of a legion, about 600 men: (Mat_27:27; Mar_15:16; Act_10:1; Act_21:31; Act_27:1). A smaller detachment of soldiers (Joh_18:3, Joh_18:12; compare 2 Macc 8:23; Judith 1:4:11). (h) (ποιεῖν συστροφήν, poieı́n sustrophḗn): ?to make a conspiracy?: ?The Jews banded together? (Act_23:12).
(3) The Augustan Band (σπεῖρα Σεβαστή, speı́ra Sebastḗ) to which Julius, the Roman centurion who had charge of Paul as a prisoner on his voyage to Rome, belonged, was a cohort apparently stationed at Caesarea at the time (Act_27:1). Sch?rer (GJV, I3, 461 f) is of opinion that it was one of five cohorts mentioned by Josephus, recruited in Samaria and called Sebastenes from the Greek name of the city of Samaria (Sebaste). This particular cohort had in all likelihood for its full name Cohors Augusta Sebastenorum, Augusta being an honorific title of which examples are found in the case of auxiliary troops. Sir William Ramsay, following Mommsen (St. Paul the Traveler, 315, 348), thinks it denotes a body of legionary centurions, selected from legions serving abroad, who were employed by the emperor on confidential business between the provinces and Rome, the title Augustan being conferred upon them as a mark of favor and distinction. The grounds on which the views of Mommsen and Ramsay rest are questioned by Professor Zahn (Introduction to the New Testament, I, 551ff), and more evidence is needed to establish them. See ARMY, ROMAN.
(4) The Italian Band (σπεῖρα ἰταλική, speı́ra Italikḗ) was a cohort composed of volunteer Roman citizens born in Italy and stationed at Caesarea at this time (Act_10:1). Sch?rer maintains that there could have been no Roman cohort there at this time, although he accepts the testimony of inscriptions to the presence of an Italian cohort at a later time. He accordingly rejects the story of Cornelius, holding that the author of the Acts has given in this narrative conditions belonging to a later time (GJV, I3, 462 f). In reply to Sch?rer, Blass asks why one of the five cohorts mentioned by Josephus may not have been composed of Roman citizens living at Caesarea or Sebaste, and bearing this name (Blass, Acta Apostolorum, 124). From a recently discovered inscription, Sir W. M. Ramsay has ascertained that there was an Italian cohort stationed in Syria in 69 ad, which heightens the probability of one actually being found in Caesarea at 41-44 ad, and he shows that even if his cohort was at the time on duty elsewhere a centurion like Cornelius might well have been at Caesarea at the time mentioned (Expositor, 5th series, IV, V, with Sch?rer's rejoinder). The subject of detached service in the provinces of the Roman Empire is admittedly obscure, but nothing emerges in this discussion to cast doubt upon the historical character of Luke's narrative. See ARMY, ROMAN.
.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Band
the representative of several Hebrews and Gr. words, and in the N.T. especially of σπεῖρα, a COHORT SEE COHORT (q- v.).
Band
a part of clerical dress, said to be a relic of the ancient amice (q.v.). It belongs to the full dress of the bar and university in England. In Scotland it distinguishes ordained ministers from licentiates or probationers, and is said to be a remnant of the old cravat worn universally by the clergy a hundred years ago. (Eadie.) It is worn in the Church of England, in the Protestant Episcopal Church in America, and by the Protestant ministers of the Continental churches of Europe generally. SEE CLERGY, Dress of the.
Band
(figuratively used). Government and laws are bands that restrain from sin and draw into the path of righteousness (Psa_2:3; Jer_5:5). Slavery, distress, fears, and perplexity are called bands because they restrain liberty, and create irritation (Lev_26:13; Eze_34:27; Psalm 28:22). Sinful customs or meretricious allurements are bands; they enslave, weaken, degrade, and embitter the soul; they are fetters that at first may seem soft as silk, but are found at last to be stronger than iron (Isa_58:6; Ecc_7:26). The wicked often have no bands in their death; that is, they frequently die without any peculiar distress, fear, or perplexity, such as might be expected to stamp their real character and condition on the verge of their future woe (Psa_73:4; Ecc_7:15; Ecc_9:2). Faith and love are bands which unite and fasten every believer to Christ, and to the whole body of his holy people (Col_2:19). The authority, arguments, instances, and influence of divine love, because they draw and engage us to follow the Lord in a way suited to our rational nature, are generally supposed to be intended in Hos_11:4 by the bands of a man.
Band
in architecture, is a flat face or fascia, a square moulding, or a continuous tablet or series of ornaments, etc., encircling a building or continued along a wall. Bands of panelling on the outer surface of the wall are very usual in rich work of the Perpendicular style, especially on the lower part of a tower, and sometimes higher up between the stories also, as in the rich Somersetshire towers, and in Northamptonshire and Oxfordshire, and, indeed, wherever rich churches of this style are found. This kind of ornament is, however, used in the earlier styles also, though less frequently. See also a good illustration from Yelvertoft Church under SEE PERPENDICULAR STYLE.
Band is also a name for the moulding or suite of mouldings which encircles the pillars and small shafts in Gothic architecture, the use of which was most prevalent in the Early English style. Bands of this description are not unfrequently met with in very late Norman work, but they show that it is verging towards the succeeding style; they are also occasionally to be found in early Decorated work. When the shafts are long they are often encircled by several bands at equal distances apart between the cap and base. SEE TABLET.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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