Trumpets, Feast of

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TRUMPETS, FEAST OF.—The 1st day of Tishri (October), the 7th month of the sacred year, was signalized by a ‘memorial of blowing trumpets,’ to call both God and the people to remembrance of their reciprocal positions. It was a day of holy convocation, on which no servile work might be done. The trumpets blown were probably of a different kind from those used at the ordinary new-moon festivals. At the Feast of Trumpets special offerings were made: a burnt-offering of a bullock, a ram, and 7 lambs, and a sin-offering of a kid of the goats; these in addition to the ordinary daily and monthly offerings (cf. Num_29:1-6, Lev_23:24-25). This was one of the lunar festivals of the Jewish calendar, and was the most important of the new-moon celebrations.
A. W. F. Blunt.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909


Num_29:1-6; Lev_23:24, "a memorial of blowing of trumpets." (See CORNET.) Besides the daily sacrifices and the eleven victims of the new moon, the ordinary feast of the first day of the month, there were offered a young bullock, a ram, and seven first year lambs, with meat offerings and a kid for a sin offering, it was one of the seven days of holy convocation, moadim; the other new moons were not, like it, days of sacred rest and convocation, though they were marked by a blowing of trumpets over the burnt offerings. Both kinds of trumpets, the straight trumpet (chatsotsrah) and the cornet (shophar and qeren), were blown in the temple, and it was "a day of blowing of trumpets." Psa_81:3 (which modern Jews use for the feast of trumpets) does not refer to "the new moon"; translated as Hengstenberg "blow the horn in the month at the full moon" (keseh, KJV less well "at the time appointed"); Psa_81:5-7; Psa_81:10 show the Passover is referred to.
This feast of trumpets prepared for the day of atonement on the tenth day; compare Joe_2:15, "blow the trumpet ... sanctify a fast, call a solemn assembly." It was the new year day of the civil year, the first of Tisri (about October), commencing the sabbatical year and year of Jubilee. The month being that for sowing, as well as ingathering of the last ripe fruits, its first day was appropriately made commemorative of creation grain, pleted, when "all the sons of God shouted for joy" (Job_38:7), the birthday of the world. See Lev_25:9, "cause the sound of the cornet (shophar) to go through" (the land).
As the sound of the cornet signalized Jehovah's descent on Sinai to take Israel into covenant, so the same sound at the close of the day of atonement announced the year which restored Israel to the freedom and blessings of the covenant (Exo_19:16-49). The trumpets' sound imaged God's voice and word (Isa_58:1; Hos_8:1; Zep_1:16; Rev_1:10; Rev_4:1). So at Christ's coming in glory (Mat_24:31; 1Co_15:52; 1Th_4:16). This feast of trumpets reminds the people of their covenant, and puts God in remembrance of His promises (Isa_43:26; Num_10:9). So if we would have great measures of grace we must rouse all our energies and aspirations, and cry mightily with trumpet voice to God.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.


Trumpets, Feast of. Num_29:1; Lev_23:24. The feast of the new moon, which fell on the first of Tisri. It differed from the ordinary festivals of the new moon, in several important particulars. It was one of the seven days, of holy convocation. Instead of the mere blowing of the trumpets of the Temple, at the time of the offering of the sacrifices, it was "a day of blowing of trumpets."
In addition to the daily sacrifices, and the eleven victims offered on the first of every month, there were offered a young bullock, a ram and seven lambs of the first year, with the accustomed Meat [Meal] Offerings, and a kid for a Sin Offering. Num_29:1-6. The regular monthly offering was thus repeated, with the exception of the young bullock.
It has been conjectured that Psa_81:1, one of the songs of Asaph, was composed expressly for the Feast of Trumpets. The psalm is used in the service for the day by the modern Jews. Various meanings have been assigned to the Feast of Trumpets; but there seems to be no sufficient reason to call in question, the common opinion of Jews and Christians, that if was the festival of the New Year's day of the civil year, the first of Tisri, the month which commenced the Sabbatical Year, and the Year of Jubilee.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863


[FESTIVALS]




The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.



(יוֹם תְּרוּעָה, Num_29:1; Sept. ἡμέρα σημασίας; Vulg. dies clangoris et tubatrum; זְכְרוֹן תְּרוּעָה, Lev_23:24; μνημόσυνον σαλπίγγων; sabbatum mnemoriale clangentibus tubis: in the Mishna, ראֹשׁ הִשָּׁנָה, “the beginning of the year”), the feast of the new moon, which fell on the first of Tisri. It differed from the ordinary festivals of the new moon in several important particulars. It was one of the seven days of Holy Convocation. SEE FEAST. Instead of the mere blowing of the trumpets of the Temple at the time of the offering of the sacrifices, it was “a day of blowing of trumpets.” In addition to the daily sacrifices and the eleven victims offered on the first of every month [see NEW MOON], there were offered a young bullock, a ram, and seven lambs of the first year, with the accustomed meat offerings, and a kid for a sin-offering (Num_29:1-6). The regular monthly offering was thus repeated, with the exception of one young bullock.
It is said that both kinds of trumpet were blown in the Temple on this day, the straight trumpet (חֲצֹצְרָה) and the cornet שׁוֹפָרor קֶרֶן), and that elsewhere any one, even a child. might blow a cornet (Reland, 4:7, 2; Carpzov, p. 425; Rosh hash-Shan. 1, 2). When the festival fell upon a Sabbath, the trumpets were blown in the Temple, but not out of it (Rosh hash-Shan. 4:1). SEE JUBILEE.
It has been conjectured that Psalms 81, one of the songs of Asaph, was composed expressly for the Feast of Trumpets. The psalm is used in the service for that day by the modern Jews. As the third verse is rendered in the Sept., the Vulgate, and the A.V., this would seem highly probable-” Blow up the trumpet in the new moon, the time appointed, on our solemn feast day.” But the best authorities understand the word translated new moon (כֵּסֶה) to mean full moon. Hence the psalm would more properly belong to the service for one of the festivals which take place at the full moon, the Passover, or the Feast of Tabernacles (Gesenius, Thesaur. s.v.; Rosenmüller and Hengstenberg on Psalms 81).
Various meanings have been assigned to the Feast of Trumpets. Maimonides considered that its purpose was to awaken the people from their spiritual slumber to prepare for the solemn humiliation of the Day of Atonement, which followed it within ten days. This may receive some countenance from Joe_2:15, “Blow the trumpet (שׁוֹפָר) in Zion, sanctify a fast, call a solemn assembly.” Some have supposed that it was intended to introduce the seventh or sabbatical month of the year, which was especially holy because it was the seventh, and because it contained the Day of Atonement and the Feast of Tabernacles (Fagius, in Lev_23:24; Buxtorf, Syn. Jud. c. 24). Philo and some early Christian writers regarded it as a memorial of the giving of the law on Sinai (Philo, Opp. v, 46, ed. Tauch.; Basil, in Psalms 81; Theodoret, Quaest. 32 viz. Leviticus). But there seems to be no sufficient reason to call in question the common opinion of Jews and Christians, that it was the festival of the New-year's-day of the civil year, the first of Tisri, the month which commenced the sabbatical year and the year of jubilee. If the New- moon Festival was taken as the consecration of a natural division of time, the month in which the earth yielded the last ripe produce of the season, and began again to foster seed for the supply of the future, might well be regarded as the first month of the year. The fact that Tisri was the great month for sowing might thus have easily suggested the thought of commemorating on this day the finished work of creation, when the sons of God shouted for joy (Job_38:7). The Feast of Trumpets thus came to be regarded as the anniversary of the birthday of the world (Mishna, Rosh hash-Shun. 1, 1; Hupfeld, De Fest. Hebrews 2, 13; Buxtorf, Syn. Jud. c. 24).
It was an odd-fancy of the rabbins that on this day, every year, God judges all men, and that they pass before him as a flock of sheep pass before a shepherd (Rosh hash-Shan. 1, 2). SEE NEW YEAR.



CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.





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