Bethshemesh
VIEW:16 DATA:01-04-2020
("house of the sun".)
1. A town on the N. boundary of Judah (Jos_15:10), itself low in situation. A "valley" of wheat fields is mentioned accordingly as nigh (1Sa_6:13). Now Ain Shems, on the N.W. slopes of the mountains of Judah, "a low plateau at the junction of two fine plains" (Robinson), two miles from the Philistian plain, and seven from Ekron. From the latter was the road to Bethshemesh, on which the Philistines sent back the ark to Israel after its fatal stay among them. In the field of Joshua the Bethshemite was "the great Abel" (the Septuagint reads Aben "stone"; others retaining Abel explain it "the stone of mourning," compare 1Sa_6:19) whereon the ark was set (1Sa_6:18). Providence fitly arranged that Bethshemesh being a priests' city (Jos_21:16; 1Ch_1:59) had Levites and priests ready on the spot duly to receive the ark and sacrifice before it.
Curiosity tempted many to stare at (not necessarily "into") the ark beneath the cover; compare Num_4:20; 2Sa_6:6-7. So God smote in the proportion of 50 out of the 1,000, i.e. one twentieth instead of one tenth of the population, as sometimes; seventy men in all, out of the population of Bethshemesh, which amounted to 1,400 in this view. The numbers in the English Bible are evidently a mistake (1Sa_6:19). Josephus (Ant. 6:4) makes it only 70. It was one of Solomon's commissariat districts under Bendekar (margin 1Ki_4:9). Here Joash king of Israel encountered and made prisoner of Amaziah of Judah (2Ki_14:11-13; 2Ch_25:21-23). In Ahaz' reign the Philistines occupied Bethshemesh (2Ch_28:18.) Ir-shemesh was the older name (compare Jos_15:10; Jos_19:41; Jos_19:43; 1Ki_4:9). Harcheres, "mount of the Sun." was another name for Bethshemesh (Jdg_1:35.)
2. A city on Issachar's border (Jos_19:22).
3. A fenced city of Naphtali (Jos_19:38; Jdg_1:33). The inhabitants were not expelled, but became Israel's tributaries.
4. An idol sanctuary in Egypt (Jer_43:13), the Greek Heliopolis, Egyptian On, E. of the Nile, a few miles N. of Memphis (Gen_41:45). The statue in honor of the sun rose to 60 cubits, the base was 10, above there was a miter a thousand pounds weight. These many towns of this name show how widespread the worship of the sun had been.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
a city of the tribe of Judah, belonging to the priests, Jos_21:16. The Philistines having sent back the ark of the Lord, it was brought to Bethshemesh, 1Sa_6:12, where some of the people out of curiosity having looked into it, the Lord destroyed seventy of the principal men belonging to the city, and fifty thousand of the common people, 1Sa_6:19. It is here to be observed that it was solemnly enjoined, Num_4:20, that not only the common people but that even the Levites themselves should not dare to look into the ark, upon pain of death. It is a fearful thing, says Bishop Hall, to use the holy ordinances of God with an irreverent boldness; fear and trembling become us in our access to the majesty of the Almighty.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
1. A town on the N. boundary of Judah (Jos_15:10), itself low in situation. A "valley" of wheat fields is mentioned accordingly as nigh (1Sa_6:13). Now Ain Shems, on the N.W. slopes of the mountains of Judah, "a low plateau at the junction of two fine plains" (Robinson), two miles from the Philistian plain, and seven from Ekron. From the latter was the road to Bethshemesh, on which the Philistines sent back the ark to Israel after its fatal stay among them. In the field of Joshua the Bethshemite was "the great Abel" (the Septuagint reads Aben "stone"; others retaining Abel explain it "the stone of mourning," compare 1Sa_6:19) whereon the ark was set (1Sa_6:18). Providence fitly arranged that Bethshemesh being a priests' city (Jos_21:16; 1Ch_1:59) had Levites and priests ready on the spot duly to receive the ark and sacrifice before it.
Curiosity tempted many to stare at (not necessarily "into") the ark beneath the cover; compare Num_4:20; 2Sa_6:6-7. So God smote in the proportion of 50 out of the 1,000, i.e. one twentieth instead of one tenth of the population, as sometimes; seventy men in all, out of the population of Bethshemesh, which amounted to 1,400 in this view. The numbers in the English Bible are evidently a mistake (1Sa_6:19). Josephus (Ant. 6:4) makes it only 70. It was one of Solomon's commissariat districts under Bendekar (margin 1Ki_4:9). Here Joash king of Israel encountered and made prisoner of Amaziah of Judah (2Ki_14:11-13; 2Ch_25:21-23). In Ahaz' reign the Philistines occupied Bethshemesh (2Ch_28:18.) Ir-shemesh was the older name (compare Jos_15:10; Jos_19:41; Jos_19:43; 1Ki_4:9). Harcheres, "mount of the Sun." was another name for Bethshemesh (Jdg_1:35.)
2. A city on Issachar's border (Jos_19:22).
3. A fenced city of Naphtali (Jos_19:38; Jdg_1:33). The inhabitants were not expelled, but became Israel's tributaries.
4. An idol sanctuary in Egypt (Jer_43:13), the Greek Heliopolis, Egyptian On, E. of the Nile, a few miles N. of Memphis (Gen_41:45). The statue in honor of the sun rose to 60 cubits, the base was 10, above there was a miter a thousand pounds weight. These many towns of this name show how widespread the worship of the sun had been.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
a city of the tribe of Judah, belonging to the priests, Jos_21:16. The Philistines having sent back the ark of the Lord, it was brought to Bethshemesh, 1Sa_6:12, where some of the people out of curiosity having looked into it, the Lord destroyed seventy of the principal men belonging to the city, and fifty thousand of the common people, 1Sa_6:19. It is here to be observed that it was solemnly enjoined, Num_4:20, that not only the common people but that even the Levites themselves should not dare to look into the ark, upon pain of death. It is a fearful thing, says Bishop Hall, to use the holy ordinances of God with an irreverent boldness; fear and trembling become us in our access to the majesty of the Almighty.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
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