Guard
VIEW:17 DATA:01-04-2020
tabbach. The king's executioner, literally, cook (Gen_37:36, margrin; 2Ki_25:8; Dan_2:14). Rats ("the runner") who carried dispatches (2Ch_30:6), and also acted as military guard to the Jewish kings (2Sa_15:1). Mishmereth ("watchmen") (Neh_4:9; Neh_4:22).
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
gard: (1) שׂר הטּבּחים, sar ha-ṭabbāḥı̄m, ?captain of the guard,? literally, ?slaughterers? (Gen_37:36; Gen_39:1; Gen_40:3, Gen_40:1; Gen_41:10, Gen_41:12); רב־טבּחים, rabh ṭabbāḥı̄m (2Ki_25:8, 2Ki_25:11, 2Ki_25:20; Jer_39:9, etc.); רב טבּחיּה, rabh tabbāḥayyāh (Dan_2:14); רצים, rācı̄m, ?guard,? the King James Version ?footmen? (1Sa_22:17); sārē hā-rācı̄m, ?chief of the guard? the King James Version ?captains of the guard? (1Ki_14:27); tā' hā-rācı̄m, ?guard-chamber? (1Ki_14:28; compare Eze_40:21, etc., where ?lodges? are ?guardrooms?; see A.B. Davidson at the place). (2) משׁמר, mishmār, ?guard,? a defense to a point of danger (Neh_4:22 f; Eze_38:7). (3) משׁמעת, mishma‛ath, ?guard? (2Sa_23:23, where the American Revised Version, margin and the Revised Version, margin have ?council,? the body over which Benaiah was set by David and whose functions were perhaps those of consultation). (4) Σπεκουλάτωρ, spekoulátōr, ?guard? (Mar_6:27, ?a man of Herod's guard,? where, as in one or two other cases, Mark, writing for Romans, simply transliterates the Latin speculator ?a scout,? ?an executioner,? as in loc.). (5) Στρατοπεδάρχης, stratopedárchēs, ?captain of the guard? the King James Version, ?captain of the praetorian guard? the Revised Version, margin, Act_28:16. See CAPTAIN. (6) (Κουστωδία, koustōdı́a), ?watch? the King James Version, ?guard? the American Standard Revised Version and the Revised Version (British and American) (Mat_27:65, Mat_27:66; Mat_28:11).
1. Royal Body-Guard
An oriental monarch's body-guard consisted of picked men attached to his person and ready to fulfill his pleasure in important and confidential concerns. At the courts of Egypt and Babylon the members of the guard were known as ?slaughterers,? ?executioners? (Gen_37:36 King James Version margin, the American Revised Version, margin and the Revised Version, margin, where Potiphar is called their captain); 2Ki_25:8, where Nebuzaradan is called their captain (King James Version margin ?chief marshal?). Whether it had ever been the function of the body-guard to kill meat for the royal table there is little directly to show; that they acted as executioners can be well understood. In Israel they were known as ?the footmen? (1Sa_22:17 the King James Version, the American Revised Version, margin and the Revised Version, margin ?runners?) who acted as royal messengers or couriers from the time of Saul onward (2Ki_10:25; 2Ki_11:6); and this designation connects them with the couriers of the kings of Persia (Est_3:13, Est_3:15; Est_8:14, where our versions render ?posts,? though the Hebrew is rācı̄m).
2. Composed of Foreigners
The men of the royal body-guard were usually foreigners like the janissaries of oriental monarchs down to modern times, who prefer to have around their persons warriors uninfluenced by family connection with the people of the land. Rameses II had such a body-guard whose commanders ranked with the great officers of the crown (Maspero, Struggle of the Nations, 766). David's body-guard of 600, known also as the gibbōrı̄m or ?mighty men,? consisted of Cherethites, Pelethites, and Gittites (2Sa_15:18; 2Sa_20:23), and we read of Carites (2Ki_11:19), who may have been Carians or Cretans, as forming part of the guard at the coronation of King Jehoash.
3. Connection with the Temple
That this guard had duties in connection with the temple as well as the king's house seems clear. That they were employed as slaughterers of the sacrifices before the Levites were entrusted with the office is unlikely, inasmuch as this guard is not said to have been composed of ?slaughterers? but of ?runners.? But they accompanied King Rehoboam when he visited the temple (1Ki_14:28), and to their captains were committed the shields of brass which took the place of the shields of gold which Solomon had hung up in the temple; Jehoiada employed their captains to put Athaliah to death and to exterminate the worshippers of Baal who had fled to the temple precincts (2Ki_11:4); the temple gate leading to the palace was called ?the gate of the guard? (2Ki_11:19). At this time, and for this occasion, at least, the royal body-guard were the temple guards; and when Ezekiel drew up his plans for the temple which he conceived to replace the temple destroyed by Nebuchadrezzar, the ?lodges? or ?little chambers? were rooms for the accommodation of the temple guard (Eze_40:7, Eze_40:10, Eze_40:21, Eze_40:33, etc.).
Literature
Robertson Smith, OTJC, 262, and note.
.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
gard: (1) שׂר הטּבּחים, sar ha-ṭabbāḥı̄m, ?captain of the guard,? literally, ?slaughterers? (Gen_37:36; Gen_39:1; Gen_40:3, Gen_40:1; Gen_41:10, Gen_41:12); רב־טבּחים, rabh ṭabbāḥı̄m (2Ki_25:8, 2Ki_25:11, 2Ki_25:20; Jer_39:9, etc.); רב טבּחיּה, rabh tabbāḥayyāh (Dan_2:14); רצים, rācı̄m, ?guard,? the King James Version ?footmen? (1Sa_22:17); sārē hā-rācı̄m, ?chief of the guard? the King James Version ?captains of the guard? (1Ki_14:27); tā' hā-rācı̄m, ?guard-chamber? (1Ki_14:28; compare Eze_40:21, etc., where ?lodges? are ?guardrooms?; see A.B. Davidson at the place). (2) משׁמר, mishmār, ?guard,? a defense to a point of danger (Neh_4:22 f; Eze_38:7). (3) משׁמעת, mishma‛ath, ?guard? (2Sa_23:23, where the American Revised Version, margin and the Revised Version, margin have ?council,? the body over which Benaiah was set by David and whose functions were perhaps those of consultation). (4) Σπεκουλάτωρ, spekoulátōr, ?guard? (Mar_6:27, ?a man of Herod's guard,? where, as in one or two other cases, Mark, writing for Romans, simply transliterates the Latin speculator ?a scout,? ?an executioner,? as in loc.). (5) Στρατοπεδάρχης, stratopedárchēs, ?captain of the guard? the King James Version, ?captain of the praetorian guard? the Revised Version, margin, Act_28:16. See CAPTAIN. (6) (Κουστωδία, koustōdı́a), ?watch? the King James Version, ?guard? the American Standard Revised Version and the Revised Version (British and American) (Mat_27:65, Mat_27:66; Mat_28:11).
1. Royal Body-Guard
An oriental monarch's body-guard consisted of picked men attached to his person and ready to fulfill his pleasure in important and confidential concerns. At the courts of Egypt and Babylon the members of the guard were known as ?slaughterers,? ?executioners? (Gen_37:36 King James Version margin, the American Revised Version, margin and the Revised Version, margin, where Potiphar is called their captain); 2Ki_25:8, where Nebuzaradan is called their captain (King James Version margin ?chief marshal?). Whether it had ever been the function of the body-guard to kill meat for the royal table there is little directly to show; that they acted as executioners can be well understood. In Israel they were known as ?the footmen? (1Sa_22:17 the King James Version, the American Revised Version, margin and the Revised Version, margin ?runners?) who acted as royal messengers or couriers from the time of Saul onward (2Ki_10:25; 2Ki_11:6); and this designation connects them with the couriers of the kings of Persia (Est_3:13, Est_3:15; Est_8:14, where our versions render ?posts,? though the Hebrew is rācı̄m).
2. Composed of Foreigners
The men of the royal body-guard were usually foreigners like the janissaries of oriental monarchs down to modern times, who prefer to have around their persons warriors uninfluenced by family connection with the people of the land. Rameses II had such a body-guard whose commanders ranked with the great officers of the crown (Maspero, Struggle of the Nations, 766). David's body-guard of 600, known also as the gibbōrı̄m or ?mighty men,? consisted of Cherethites, Pelethites, and Gittites (2Sa_15:18; 2Sa_20:23), and we read of Carites (2Ki_11:19), who may have been Carians or Cretans, as forming part of the guard at the coronation of King Jehoash.
3. Connection with the Temple
That this guard had duties in connection with the temple as well as the king's house seems clear. That they were employed as slaughterers of the sacrifices before the Levites were entrusted with the office is unlikely, inasmuch as this guard is not said to have been composed of ?slaughterers? but of ?runners.? But they accompanied King Rehoboam when he visited the temple (1Ki_14:28), and to their captains were committed the shields of brass which took the place of the shields of gold which Solomon had hung up in the temple; Jehoiada employed their captains to put Athaliah to death and to exterminate the worshippers of Baal who had fled to the temple precincts (2Ki_11:4); the temple gate leading to the palace was called ?the gate of the guard? (2Ki_11:19). At this time, and for this occasion, at least, the royal body-guard were the temple guards; and when Ezekiel drew up his plans for the temple which he conceived to replace the temple destroyed by Nebuchadrezzar, the ?lodges? or ?little chambers? were rooms for the accommodation of the temple guard (Eze_40:7, Eze_40:10, Eze_40:21, Eze_40:33, etc.).
Literature
Robertson Smith, OTJC, 262, and note.
.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
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