Achaia
VIEW:46 DATA:01-04-2020
grief; trouble
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
ACHAIA.This name was originally applied to a strip of land on the N. coast of the Peloponnese. On annexing Greece and Macedonia as a province in b.c. 146, the Romans applied the name Achaia to the whole of that country. In b.c. 27 two provinces were formed, Macedonia and Achaia; and the latter included Thessaly, Ætolia, Acarnania, and some part of Epirus, with Euba and most of the Cyclades. It was governed in St. Pauls time by a proconsul of the second grade, with headquarters at Corinth (Act_18:12). Hellas (Act_20:2) is the native Greek name corresponding to the Roman Achaia. There were Jewish settlements in this province, at Corinth, Athens, etc. (Act_17:17; Act_18:4; Act_18:7), and the work of St. Paul began amongst them and was carried on by Apollos (1 and 2 Cor. passim, Act_17:16 ff., Act_17:18; Act_19:1).
A. Souter.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
In New Testament, a Roman province, including the whole Peloponnese, and most of Hellas proper, with the islands. This province, with Macedonia, comprehended all Greece (Act_18:12; Act_19:21). The name was given by the Romans, when they took Corinth and destroyed the Achaian League (146 D.C.), which, beginning with the narrow northern region of the Peloponnese called Achaia, afterward included several Grecian states. In Act_18:12 Gallio, with the minute propriety that marks historical truth, called "deputy" (proconsul). Achaia had only just been restored under Claudius to the senate, whose representatives in the provinces were proconsuls, from having been an imperial province under Tiberius, whose representatives were procurators.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Acha'ia. (trouble). Signifies in the New Testament, a Roman province which included the whole of the Peloponnesus and the greater part of Hellas proper, with the adjacent islands. This province, with that of Macedonia, comprehended the while of Greece; hence Achaia and Macedonia are frequently mentioned together in the New Testament to indicate all Greece. Act_18:12; Act_19:21; Rom_15:26; Rom_16:5; 1Co_16:15; 2Co_7:5; 2Co_9:2; 2Co_11:10; 1Th_1:7-8. In the time of the emperor Claudius, it was governed by a proconsul, translated in the Authorized Version "deputy," of Achaia. Act_18:12.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
This name is used to denote the whole of Greece, as it existed as a Roman province; or Achaia Proper, a district in the northern part of the Peloponnesus, on the bay of Corinth, and in which the city of that name stood. It appears to have been used in the former sense in 2Co_11:10; and in the latter, in Act_19:21.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
In the days of the Roman Empire, Achaia was the southern of two Greek provinces, the other being Macedonia (Act_19:21; Rom_15:26; 2Co_9:2; 1Th_1:8). Formerly, in the days of the Greek Empire, Macedonia was the centre of Greek power, but under the Romans the political situation had changed and the name Achaia was usually identified with Greece (Act_18:27; Act_20:2; see GREECE). The administrative centre of Achaia was Corinth, and the educational centre, Athens (Act_17:21; Act_18:1; Act_18:12; 2Co_1:1).
A church was founded in Corinth during Pauls second missionary journey, and another at the port of Cenchreae nearby (Act_18:1-18; Rom_16:1; 1Co_16:15; see CORINTH). There were also Christians in Athens (Act_17:34; see ATHENS). Paul revisited the area during his third missionary journey (Act_19:21; Act_20:1-3), when he collected money that the churches of Achaia, like other churches, had put aside to help the poor Christians in Judea (Rom_15:26; 2Co_9:1-2). Some years later, Paul planned to spend a winter at Nicopolis, on Achaias west coast, but the Bible does not record whether he was able to fulfil his plans (Tit_3:12).
Bridgeway Bible Dictionary by Don Fleming
PRINTER 1990.
a-kā?ya (Ἀχαιά, Achaiá): The smallest country in the Peloponnesus lying along the southern shore of the Corinthian Gulf, north of Arcadia and east of Elis. The original inhabitants were Ionians, but these were crowded out later by the Acheans, who came from the East. According to Herodotus, the former founded twelve cities, many of which retain their original names to this day. These cities were on the coast and formed a confederation of smaller communities, which in the last century of the independent history of Greece attained to great importance (Achaean League). In Roman times the term Achaia was used to include the whole of Greece, exclusive of Thessaly. Today Achaia forms with Elis one district, and contains a population of nearly a quarter of a million. The old Achean League was renewed in 280 bc, but became more important in 251, when Aratus of Sicyon was chosen commander-in-chief. This great man increased the power of the League and gave it an excellent constitution, which our own great practical politicians, Hamilton and Madison, consulted, adopting many of its prominent devices, when they set about framing the Constitution of the United States. In 146 bc Corinth was destroyed and the League broken up (see 1 Macc 15:23); and the whole of Greece, under the name of Achaia, was transformed into a Roman province, which was divided into two separate provinces, Macedonia and Achaia, in 27 bc.
In Act_18:12 we are told that the Jews in Corinth made insurrection against Paul when Gallio was deputy of Achaia, and in Act_18:27 that Apollos was making preparations to set out for Achaia In Rom_16:5, ?Achaia? should read ?ASIA? as in the Revised Version (British and American). In Act_20:2 ?Greece? means Achaia, but the oft-mentioned ?Macedonia and Achaia? generally means the whole of Greece (Act_19:21; Rom_15:26; 1Th_1:8). Paul commends the churches of Achaia for their liberality (2Co_9:13).
Literature
See Gerhard, Ueber den Volksstamm der A. (Berlin, 1854); Klatt, Forschungen zur Geschichte des achaischen Bundes (Berlin, 1877); M. Dubois, Les ligues ?tolienne et ach?enne (Paris, 1855); Capes, History of the Achean League (London, 1888); Mahaffy, Problems, 177-86; Busolt, Greek Staatsalter, 2nd edition (1892), 347ff; Toeppfer, in Pauly's Realencyclopaedie.
For Aratus see Hermann, Staatsalter, 1885; Krakauer, Abhandlung ueber Aratus (Breslau, 1874); Neumeyer, Aratus aus Sikyon (Leipzig, 1886); Holm, History of Greece.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Acha?ia, a region of Greece, which in the restricted sense occupied the north-western portion of the Peloponnesus, including Corinth and its isthmus. By the poets it was often put for the whole of Greece, whence Achaioi, the Greeks. Under the Romans, Greece was divided into two provinces, Macedonia and Achaia, the former of which included Macedonia proper, with Illyricum, Epirus, and Thessaly; and the latter, all that lay southward of the former. It is in this latter acceptation that the name of Achaia is always employed in the New Testament (Act_18:12; Act_18:27; Act_19:21; Rom_15:26; Rom_16:5; 1Co_16:15; 2Co_1:1; 2Co_9:2; 2Co_11:10; 1Th_1:7-8). Achaia was at first a senatorial province, and, as such, was governed by proconsuls. Tiberius changed the two into one imperial province under procurators; but Claudius restored them to the senate and to the proconsular form of government. Hence the exact and minute propriety with which St. Luke expresses himself in giving the title of proconsul to Gallio, who was appointed to the province in the time of Claudius (Act_18:12).
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Achaia
(Α᾿χαϊvα, derivation uncertain), a region of Greece, which in the restricted sense occupied the north-western portion of the Peloponnesus, including Corinth and its isthmus (Strabo, 7, p. 438 sq.). By the poets it was often put for the whole of Greece, whence Α᾿χαιοί, Acheans, i.e. Greeks. The cities of the narrow slip of country, originally called Achaia, were confederated in an ancient league, which was renewed in B.C. 280 for the purpose of resisting the Macedonians. This league subsequently included several of the other Grecian states, and became the most powerful political body in Greece; and hence it was natural for the Romans to apply the name of Achaia to the Peloponnesus and the south of Greece when they took Corinth and destroyed the league in B. C. 146 (Pausan. 7:16, 10). Under the Romans Greece was divided into two provinces, Macedonia and Achaia, the former of which included Macedonia proper, with Illyricum, Epirus, and Thessaly; and the latter, all that lay southward of the former (Cellar. 1, p. 1170, 1022). It is in this latter acceptation that the name of Achaia is always employed in the New Testament (Act_18:12; Act_18:16; Act_19:21; Rom_15:26; Rom_16:25; 1Co_16:15; 2Co_1:1; 2Co_9:2; 2Co_11:10; 1Th_1:7-8). In the division of the provinces by Augustus between the emperor and the senate in B.C. 27, Achaia was made a senatorial province (Strabo, 17, p. 840), and, as such, was governed by proconsuls (Dion. Cass. 53, p. 704). In A.D. 16 Tiberius changed the two into one imperial province under procurators (Tacit. Annal. 1, 76); but Claudius restored them to the senate and to the proconsular form of government (Suet. I Claud. 25). Hence the exact and minute propriety with which Luke expresses himself in giving the title of proconsul (ἀνθύπατος, deputy) to Gallio (q.v.), who was appointed to the province (see Smith's Dict. of Class, Ant. s.v.) in the time of Claudius
(Act_18:12). (See generally Smith's Dict. of Class. Geog. s.v.)
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
ACHAIA.This name was originally applied to a strip of land on the N. coast of the Peloponnese. On annexing Greece and Macedonia as a province in b.c. 146, the Romans applied the name Achaia to the whole of that country. In b.c. 27 two provinces were formed, Macedonia and Achaia; and the latter included Thessaly, Ætolia, Acarnania, and some part of Epirus, with Euba and most of the Cyclades. It was governed in St. Pauls time by a proconsul of the second grade, with headquarters at Corinth (Act_18:12). Hellas (Act_20:2) is the native Greek name corresponding to the Roman Achaia. There were Jewish settlements in this province, at Corinth, Athens, etc. (Act_17:17; Act_18:4; Act_18:7), and the work of St. Paul began amongst them and was carried on by Apollos (1 and 2 Cor. passim, Act_17:16 ff., Act_17:18; Act_19:1).
A. Souter.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
In New Testament, a Roman province, including the whole Peloponnese, and most of Hellas proper, with the islands. This province, with Macedonia, comprehended all Greece (Act_18:12; Act_19:21). The name was given by the Romans, when they took Corinth and destroyed the Achaian League (146 D.C.), which, beginning with the narrow northern region of the Peloponnese called Achaia, afterward included several Grecian states. In Act_18:12 Gallio, with the minute propriety that marks historical truth, called "deputy" (proconsul). Achaia had only just been restored under Claudius to the senate, whose representatives in the provinces were proconsuls, from having been an imperial province under Tiberius, whose representatives were procurators.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Acha'ia. (trouble). Signifies in the New Testament, a Roman province which included the whole of the Peloponnesus and the greater part of Hellas proper, with the adjacent islands. This province, with that of Macedonia, comprehended the while of Greece; hence Achaia and Macedonia are frequently mentioned together in the New Testament to indicate all Greece. Act_18:12; Act_19:21; Rom_15:26; Rom_16:5; 1Co_16:15; 2Co_7:5; 2Co_9:2; 2Co_11:10; 1Th_1:7-8. In the time of the emperor Claudius, it was governed by a proconsul, translated in the Authorized Version "deputy," of Achaia. Act_18:12.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
This name is used to denote the whole of Greece, as it existed as a Roman province; or Achaia Proper, a district in the northern part of the Peloponnesus, on the bay of Corinth, and in which the city of that name stood. It appears to have been used in the former sense in 2Co_11:10; and in the latter, in Act_19:21.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
In the days of the Roman Empire, Achaia was the southern of two Greek provinces, the other being Macedonia (Act_19:21; Rom_15:26; 2Co_9:2; 1Th_1:8). Formerly, in the days of the Greek Empire, Macedonia was the centre of Greek power, but under the Romans the political situation had changed and the name Achaia was usually identified with Greece (Act_18:27; Act_20:2; see GREECE). The administrative centre of Achaia was Corinth, and the educational centre, Athens (Act_17:21; Act_18:1; Act_18:12; 2Co_1:1).
A church was founded in Corinth during Pauls second missionary journey, and another at the port of Cenchreae nearby (Act_18:1-18; Rom_16:1; 1Co_16:15; see CORINTH). There were also Christians in Athens (Act_17:34; see ATHENS). Paul revisited the area during his third missionary journey (Act_19:21; Act_20:1-3), when he collected money that the churches of Achaia, like other churches, had put aside to help the poor Christians in Judea (Rom_15:26; 2Co_9:1-2). Some years later, Paul planned to spend a winter at Nicopolis, on Achaias west coast, but the Bible does not record whether he was able to fulfil his plans (Tit_3:12).
Bridgeway Bible Dictionary by Don Fleming
PRINTER 1990.
a-kā?ya (Ἀχαιά, Achaiá): The smallest country in the Peloponnesus lying along the southern shore of the Corinthian Gulf, north of Arcadia and east of Elis. The original inhabitants were Ionians, but these were crowded out later by the Acheans, who came from the East. According to Herodotus, the former founded twelve cities, many of which retain their original names to this day. These cities were on the coast and formed a confederation of smaller communities, which in the last century of the independent history of Greece attained to great importance (Achaean League). In Roman times the term Achaia was used to include the whole of Greece, exclusive of Thessaly. Today Achaia forms with Elis one district, and contains a population of nearly a quarter of a million. The old Achean League was renewed in 280 bc, but became more important in 251, when Aratus of Sicyon was chosen commander-in-chief. This great man increased the power of the League and gave it an excellent constitution, which our own great practical politicians, Hamilton and Madison, consulted, adopting many of its prominent devices, when they set about framing the Constitution of the United States. In 146 bc Corinth was destroyed and the League broken up (see 1 Macc 15:23); and the whole of Greece, under the name of Achaia, was transformed into a Roman province, which was divided into two separate provinces, Macedonia and Achaia, in 27 bc.
In Act_18:12 we are told that the Jews in Corinth made insurrection against Paul when Gallio was deputy of Achaia, and in Act_18:27 that Apollos was making preparations to set out for Achaia In Rom_16:5, ?Achaia? should read ?ASIA? as in the Revised Version (British and American). In Act_20:2 ?Greece? means Achaia, but the oft-mentioned ?Macedonia and Achaia? generally means the whole of Greece (Act_19:21; Rom_15:26; 1Th_1:8). Paul commends the churches of Achaia for their liberality (2Co_9:13).
Literature
See Gerhard, Ueber den Volksstamm der A. (Berlin, 1854); Klatt, Forschungen zur Geschichte des achaischen Bundes (Berlin, 1877); M. Dubois, Les ligues ?tolienne et ach?enne (Paris, 1855); Capes, History of the Achean League (London, 1888); Mahaffy, Problems, 177-86; Busolt, Greek Staatsalter, 2nd edition (1892), 347ff; Toeppfer, in Pauly's Realencyclopaedie.
For Aratus see Hermann, Staatsalter, 1885; Krakauer, Abhandlung ueber Aratus (Breslau, 1874); Neumeyer, Aratus aus Sikyon (Leipzig, 1886); Holm, History of Greece.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Acha?ia, a region of Greece, which in the restricted sense occupied the north-western portion of the Peloponnesus, including Corinth and its isthmus. By the poets it was often put for the whole of Greece, whence Achaioi, the Greeks. Under the Romans, Greece was divided into two provinces, Macedonia and Achaia, the former of which included Macedonia proper, with Illyricum, Epirus, and Thessaly; and the latter, all that lay southward of the former. It is in this latter acceptation that the name of Achaia is always employed in the New Testament (Act_18:12; Act_18:27; Act_19:21; Rom_15:26; Rom_16:5; 1Co_16:15; 2Co_1:1; 2Co_9:2; 2Co_11:10; 1Th_1:7-8). Achaia was at first a senatorial province, and, as such, was governed by proconsuls. Tiberius changed the two into one imperial province under procurators; but Claudius restored them to the senate and to the proconsular form of government. Hence the exact and minute propriety with which St. Luke expresses himself in giving the title of proconsul to Gallio, who was appointed to the province in the time of Claudius (Act_18:12).
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Achaia
(Α᾿χαϊvα, derivation uncertain), a region of Greece, which in the restricted sense occupied the north-western portion of the Peloponnesus, including Corinth and its isthmus (Strabo, 7, p. 438 sq.). By the poets it was often put for the whole of Greece, whence Α᾿χαιοί, Acheans, i.e. Greeks. The cities of the narrow slip of country, originally called Achaia, were confederated in an ancient league, which was renewed in B.C. 280 for the purpose of resisting the Macedonians. This league subsequently included several of the other Grecian states, and became the most powerful political body in Greece; and hence it was natural for the Romans to apply the name of Achaia to the Peloponnesus and the south of Greece when they took Corinth and destroyed the league in B. C. 146 (Pausan. 7:16, 10). Under the Romans Greece was divided into two provinces, Macedonia and Achaia, the former of which included Macedonia proper, with Illyricum, Epirus, and Thessaly; and the latter, all that lay southward of the former (Cellar. 1, p. 1170, 1022). It is in this latter acceptation that the name of Achaia is always employed in the New Testament (Act_18:12; Act_18:16; Act_19:21; Rom_15:26; Rom_16:25; 1Co_16:15; 2Co_1:1; 2Co_9:2; 2Co_11:10; 1Th_1:7-8). In the division of the provinces by Augustus between the emperor and the senate in B.C. 27, Achaia was made a senatorial province (Strabo, 17, p. 840), and, as such, was governed by proconsuls (Dion. Cass. 53, p. 704). In A.D. 16 Tiberius changed the two into one imperial province under procurators (Tacit. Annal. 1, 76); but Claudius restored them to the senate and to the proconsular form of government (Suet. I Claud. 25). Hence the exact and minute propriety with which Luke expresses himself in giving the title of proconsul (ἀνθύπατος, deputy) to Gallio (q.v.), who was appointed to the province (see Smith's Dict. of Class, Ant. s.v.) in the time of Claudius
(Act_18:12). (See generally Smith's Dict. of Class. Geog. s.v.)
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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