Rust
VIEW:17 DATA:01-04-2020
Jas_5:3. "The rust (ios) of your riches shall be a witness against you" in the judgment, that your riches were of no profit, lying unemployed, and so contracting rust. Mat_6:19-20, "rust" (brosis), "corrosion."
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
rust (חלאה, ḥel'āh; βρῶσις, brṓsis): Strictly speaking rust is the red oxide of iron formed by the corrosion of that metal, but by extension it has come to mean corrosion produced on any metal. Ḥel'āh is translated ?rust? in Eze_24:11, Eze_24:12. This rendering is probably based on Eze_24:11. Copper caldrons are still used in Bible lands. Such vessels must be constantly watched when on the fire to guard against the possibility of their becoming dry. If this should happen the contents, whatever they may be, and the vessel itself will be injured. The copper of the caldron oxidizes and scales off in black or brownish scales, or rust. ἰός, iós, was used in Greek to denote the corroding of metals. In Jam_5:3 occurs, ?Your gold and your silver are rusted; and their rust ... shall eat your flesh as fire.? The writers must have had in mind the actions of chemicals upon these metals which formed some such compound as the caustic silver nitrate.
Brōsis, literally, ?eating,? which occurs in Mat_6:19, Mat_6:20, may refer to the diseases which attack such vegetation as wheat, grapes, cucumbers, etc. In no country is the saying ?where moth and rust consume? (Mat_6:19) more true than in Syria. Any metal subject to corrosion seems to rust faster in that country than anywhere else. There are also many rusting fungi which the people have not learned to destroy and which do much damage to the crops. See also SCUM.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Rust
(βρῶσις, ἰός) occurs as the translation of two different Greek words in Mat_6:19-20 and Jam_5:3. In the former passage the word βρῶσις, which is joined with σής, moth, has by some been understood to denote the larva of some moth injurious to corn, as the Tinea granella (see Stainton, Insecta Britan. 3, 30). The Hebrew עָשׁ(Isa_1:9) is rendered βρῶσις by Aquila (comp. also Epist. Jer_5:12, ἀπὸ ἰου καὶ βρωμάτων, from rust and moths; A.V. Bar. 6, 12). Scultetus (Exerc. Evang. 2, 35; Crit. Sac. vol. 6) believes that the words σὴς καὶ βρῶσις are a hendiadys for σὴς βρώσκων. The word can scarcely be taken to signify rust, for which there is another term, ἰός, which is used by James to express rather the tarnish which overspreads silver than rust, by which name we now understand oxide of iron. βρῶσις is no doubt intended to have reference, in a general sense, to any corrupting and destroying substance that may attack treasures of any kind which have long been suffered to remain undisturbed. The allusion of James is to the corroding nature of ἰός on metals. Scultetus correctly observes, Erugine deformantur quidem, sed non corrumpuntur nummi; but though this is strictly speaking, true, the ancients, just as ourselves in common parlance, spoke of the corroding nature of rust (comp. Hammond, Annotat. in Mat_6:19). Smith. Moreover, various writers agree that the gold and silver coins of antiquity were much more liable to corrosion than those of the present, being much more extensively adulterated with alloys.
The word translated scum (חֶלְאָה, chelah) in Eze_24:6; Eze_24:11-12 means the rust or corrosion of the pot of brass (or rather copper) which typified Jerusalem Copper is more liable to corrosion than the other metals, each of which has its own dissolvent; but copper is acted upon by all those dissolvents, and the corrosion of the copper pot symbolizes the aptitude of Jerusalem to corruptions, which, being shown by Ezekiel to be removed only by the agency of fire, was a type of the awful punishments and fiery purgation awaiting Jerusalem.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
rust (חלאה, ḥel'āh; βρῶσις, brṓsis): Strictly speaking rust is the red oxide of iron formed by the corrosion of that metal, but by extension it has come to mean corrosion produced on any metal. Ḥel'āh is translated ?rust? in Eze_24:11, Eze_24:12. This rendering is probably based on Eze_24:11. Copper caldrons are still used in Bible lands. Such vessels must be constantly watched when on the fire to guard against the possibility of their becoming dry. If this should happen the contents, whatever they may be, and the vessel itself will be injured. The copper of the caldron oxidizes and scales off in black or brownish scales, or rust. ἰός, iós, was used in Greek to denote the corroding of metals. In Jam_5:3 occurs, ?Your gold and your silver are rusted; and their rust ... shall eat your flesh as fire.? The writers must have had in mind the actions of chemicals upon these metals which formed some such compound as the caustic silver nitrate.
Brōsis, literally, ?eating,? which occurs in Mat_6:19, Mat_6:20, may refer to the diseases which attack such vegetation as wheat, grapes, cucumbers, etc. In no country is the saying ?where moth and rust consume? (Mat_6:19) more true than in Syria. Any metal subject to corrosion seems to rust faster in that country than anywhere else. There are also many rusting fungi which the people have not learned to destroy and which do much damage to the crops. See also SCUM.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Rust
(βρῶσις, ἰός) occurs as the translation of two different Greek words in Mat_6:19-20 and Jam_5:3. In the former passage the word βρῶσις, which is joined with σής, moth, has by some been understood to denote the larva of some moth injurious to corn, as the Tinea granella (see Stainton, Insecta Britan. 3, 30). The Hebrew עָשׁ(Isa_1:9) is rendered βρῶσις by Aquila (comp. also Epist. Jer_5:12, ἀπὸ ἰου καὶ βρωμάτων, from rust and moths; A.V. Bar. 6, 12). Scultetus (Exerc. Evang. 2, 35; Crit. Sac. vol. 6) believes that the words σὴς καὶ βρῶσις are a hendiadys for σὴς βρώσκων. The word can scarcely be taken to signify rust, for which there is another term, ἰός, which is used by James to express rather the tarnish which overspreads silver than rust, by which name we now understand oxide of iron. βρῶσις is no doubt intended to have reference, in a general sense, to any corrupting and destroying substance that may attack treasures of any kind which have long been suffered to remain undisturbed. The allusion of James is to the corroding nature of ἰός on metals. Scultetus correctly observes, Erugine deformantur quidem, sed non corrumpuntur nummi; but though this is strictly speaking, true, the ancients, just as ourselves in common parlance, spoke of the corroding nature of rust (comp. Hammond, Annotat. in Mat_6:19). Smith. Moreover, various writers agree that the gold and silver coins of antiquity were much more liable to corrosion than those of the present, being much more extensively adulterated with alloys.
The word translated scum (חֶלְאָה, chelah) in Eze_24:6; Eze_24:11-12 means the rust or corrosion of the pot of brass (or rather copper) which typified Jerusalem Copper is more liable to corrosion than the other metals, each of which has its own dissolvent; but copper is acted upon by all those dissolvents, and the corrosion of the copper pot symbolizes the aptitude of Jerusalem to corruptions, which, being shown by Ezekiel to be removed only by the agency of fire, was a type of the awful punishments and fiery purgation awaiting Jerusalem.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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