Watch

VIEW:15 DATA:01-04-2020
WATCH.—See Time.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909


woch (אשׁמרה, 'ashmurāh, אשׁמרת, 'ashmōreth; φυλακή, phulakḗ): A division of the night. The night was originally divided into three watches (Jdg_7:19), but later into four, as we find in the New Testament (Mat_14:25; Mar_6:48). We do not know the limits of the watches in the first division, but the middle watch probably began two hours before midnight and ended two hours after. The fourfold division was according to the Roman system, each of which was a fourth part of the night. See TIME.
?Watch? is also the guard placed on watch (משׁמר, mishmār, Neh_4:9; κουστωδία, koustōdı́a, from Latin custodia, Mat_27:65, Mat_27:66; Mat_28:11). It sometimes refers to the act of watching, as in 2Ki_11:6, 2Ki_11:7 (משׁמרת, mishmereth); Luk_2:8 (phulakē).
?Watch? is also used figuratively, as in Psa_141:3 for restraint: ?Set a watch, O Yahweh, before my mouth? (שׁמרה, shomrāh). See WARD.

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.


Watching must have been coeval with danger, and danger arose as soon as man became the enemy of man, or had to guard against the attacks of wild animals. Accordingly we find traces of the practice of watching in early portions of the Hebrew annals. Watching must have been carried to some degree of completeness in Egypt, for we learn from Exo_14:24, that the practice had, at the time of the Exodus, caused the night to be divided into different watches or portions, mention being made of the 'morning watch.' Compare 1Sa_11:11. In the days of the Judges (Jdg_7:19) we find 'the middle watch' mentioned. See Luk_12:38. At a later period Isaiah plainly intimates (Luk_21:5-6), that there was a watch-tower in Jerusalem, and that it was customary on extraordinary occasions to set a watchman. Watchmen were, however, even at an earlier day, customarily employed in the metropolis, and their post was at the gates (2Sa_18:24, sq.; 2Ki_9:17, sq.; Psa_127:1; Pro_8:34), where they gave signals and information, either by their voice or with the aid of a trumpet (Jer_6:17; Eze_33:6). At night watchmen were accustomed to perambulate the city (Son_3:3; Son_5:7). In the New Testament we find mention made of the second, the third, and the fourth watch (Luk_12:38; Mat_14:25). The space of the natural night, from the setting to the rising of the sun, the ancient Jews divided into three equal parts of four hours each. But the Romans, imitating the Greeks, divided the night into four watches, and the Jews, from the time they came under subjection to the Romans, following this Roman custom, also divided the night into four watches, each of which consisted of three hours (Mar_13:35). The terms by which the old Hebrew division of the night was characterized are,
the first watch, beginning of the watches (Lam_2:19);
'the middle-watch' (Jdg_7:19);
'the morning-watch' (Exo_14:24; 1Sa_11:11).
 The first extended from sunset to our ten o'clock, the second from ten at night till two in the morning, and the third from that hour till sunrise.




The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.


Gen_31:49 (b) In this way GOD describes His gracious supervision over His people individually and collectively.

Psa_102:7 (b) Here we see the sorrow of soul in the Lord JESUS when He looked for some to take pity in His lonely sojourn and in the time of His great sorrow, only to find that all had forsaken Him and fled.

Psa_130:6 (b) This is emblematic of an earnest heart's desire for the return of the Lord. (See also Mat_24:42; Mat_25:13; Mar_13:35; Luk_21:36; Act_20:31).

Pro_8:34 (b) This probably represents the attitude of heart wherein the soul seeks the Lord and expects constantly to see His face, and to hear His voice in sweet fellowship.

Mar_13:33 (b) This is an attitude of heart wherein one is attentive to the possibilities of Satan's hindrances and to the opportunities for serving CHRIST.

Heb_13:17 (b) This is typical of the careful attention which the eiders of the church should show for the welfare of those entrusted to their care in the church.
Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types
press 1957.



in Heb. שִׁמִר, denoting “to cut into," thence "to impress on the mind," "to observe," "to watch," in the sense of keeping or guarding; or צָפָה, the original meaning of which is "to look out," thence "to watch;" as in English, "to keep a lookout," in the sense of spying or noticing. Watching must have been coeval with danger, and danger arose as soon as man became the enemy of man, or had to guard against the attacks of wild animals. Among a primitive and nomadic people this is especially necessary. Accordingly, we find traces of the practice of watching in early portions of the Hebrew annals. Watching must have been carried to some degree of completeness in Egypt, for we learn from Exo_14:24 that the practice had, at the time of the Exode, caused the night to be divided into different watches or portions, mention being made of the "morning watch" (comp. 1Sa_11:11). In the days of the Judges (vii, 19) we find "the middle watch" mentioned (see Luk_12:38). At a later period Isaiah plainly intimates (Isa_21:5-6) that there was a watch-tower in Jerusalem, and that it was customary on extraordinary occasions to set a watchman. Watchman were, however, even at an earlier day, customarily employed in the metropolis, and their post was at the gates (2Sa_18:24 sq.; 2Ki_9:17 sq.; Psa_127:1; Psa_130:6; Pro_8:34), where they gave signals and information, either by their voice or with the aid of a trumpet (Jer_6:17; Eze_33:6). At night watchmen were accustomed to perambulate the city (Son_3:3; Son_5:7). In the New Test. we find mention made of the second, the third, and the fourth watch (Luk_12:38; Mat_14:25). On the watch at Christ's sepulchre (Mat_27:66), see the monographs cited by Volbeding, Index Priograzmmatun, page 67. SEE WATCHMAN.



CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.





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