Beryl

VIEW:53 DATA:01-04-2020
BERYL.—See Jewels and Precious Stones.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909


The first in the fourth row of precious stones in the high priest's breast-plate (Exo_28:20; Exo_39:13), Hebrew tarshish, the tartessus stone, found in Spain. Sea green, pale blue, yellow, and almost white, are its various colors. The color of the cherubic wheels (Eze_1:16; Eze_10:9). In Eze_28:13 it is one of the Tyrian king's treasures, margin: chrysolite. Set in rings of gold (Son_5:14); not as Smith's Bible Dictionary, "his wrists are circlets of gold full set with topazes,' but the hands bent in are compared to beautiful rings in which beryl is set, as the nails are in the fingers The body of the man seen in vision (Dan_10:6) resembled it. In Rev_21:19-20, the city's eighth foundation, the chrysolite being the seventh. The aquamarine, according to Schleusner.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.


Beryl. Beryl, (Hebrew, tarshish), occurs in Exo_28:20. It is generally supposed that the tarshish derives its name from the place so called, in Spain. Beryl is a mineral of great hardness, and, when transparent, of much beauty. By tarshish, the modern yellow topaz is probably intended, while in Rev_21:20 a different stone is perhaps referred to, probably the mineral now called beryl, which is identical with the emerald except in color, being a light green or bluish-green.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863


תרשיש , a pellucid gem of a bluish green colour, whence it is called by the lapidaries, aqua marina. Its Hebrew name is a word also for the same reason given to the sea, Psa_48:7. It is found in the East Indies, Peru, Siberia, and Tartary. It has a brilliant appearance, and is generally transparent. It was the tenth stone belonging to the high priest's pectoral, Exo_28:10; Exo_28:20; Rev_21:20.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.


ber?il. See STONES, PRECIOUS.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.


Ber?yl. This is supposed by some to be the precious stone intended by the word shoham, which occurs in Gen_2:12; Exo_28:9; Exo_35:9-27; Job_28:16; Eze_28:13. Whether the beryl be the shohamor not, it is a Scriptural stone by virtue of the mention of it in Rev_21:20. There is no doubt that the stone which we call beryl is the substance to which the ancients gave the same name. It is of a pale sea-green color, inclining sometimes to water blue, and sometimes to yellow. In its crystallized form it exhibits sexagonal columns striped longitudinally. The shoham furnished the shoulder-pieces in the breastplate of the high priest, on each of which six names were engraven, and for this purpose the stalky beryl, consisting of long, stout, hexagonal pieces, was peculiarly suited. Beryls are found, but not often, in collections of ancient gems. In Gen_2:12, the shoham is named as the product of Havilah; in Job_28:16, it is mentioned as a stone of great value, being classed with the sapphire and the gold of Ophir; in Eze_28:13, it appears as a valuable article of commerce.
Luther, relying upon the authority of some ancient versions, makes the shoham to have been the onyx. This indeed is the stone usually given for the shohamin Hebrew lexicons, and is the one which the Authorized Version has also adopted.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.


Beryl
is the uniform rendering in the Auth. Vers. only of the Heb. תִּרְשִׁישׁ, tarshish' (so called, according to Gesenius, as being brought from Tarshish), and the Gr. βήρυλλος, a precious stone, the first in the fourth row on the breastplate of the high-priest (Exo_28:20; Exo_39:13). The color of the wheels in Ezekiel's vision was as the color of a beryl-stone (Eze_1:16; Eze_10:9); it is mentioned among the treasures of the King of Tyre in Eze_28:13, where the marginal reading is chrysolite; in Son_5:14, as being set in rings of gold; and in Dan_10:6, the body of the man whom Daniel saw in vision is said to be like the beryl. In Rev_21:19, the beryl is the 8th foundation of the city, the chrysolite being the 7th. In Tob_13:17, is a prophetic prayer that the streets of Jerusalem may be paved with beryl. In Exo_28:20, the Sept. renders tarshish by “chrysolite,” χρυσόλιθος, while they render the 11th stone, שֹׁה — ם, shoham, by “beryl,” βηρύλλιον. In Ezekiel f, 16, they have- θαρσείς; in 10:9, λίθος ἄνθρακος; and 28:13, ἄνθραξ, in Son_5:14, and in Dan_10:6, θαρσίς. his variety of rendering shows the uncertainty under which the old interpreters labored as to the stone actually meant. SEE GEM. Josephus takes it to have been the chrysolite, a golden-colored gem, the topaz of more recent authors, found in Spain (Pliny 37:109), whence its name tarshish (see Braun, De Vest. Sac. Heb. lib. 2, c. 18, § 193). Luther suggests turquoise, while others have thought that amber was meant. Kalisch, in the two passages of Exodus, translates tarshish by chrysolite, which he describes as usually green, but with different degrees of shade, generally transparent, but often only translucent-harder than glass, but not so hard as quartz. The passage in Rev_21:20, is adverse to this view. Schleusner (1, 446) says the βήρυλλος is aqua-marine. “The beryl is a gem of the genus emerald, but less valuable than the emerald. It differs from the precious emerald in not possessing any of the oxide of chrome. The colors of the beryl are grayish-green, blue, yellow, and sometimes nearly white” (Humble, Dict. Geol. p. 30). — Penny Cyclopaedia, s.v.; Smith's Dict. of Class. Antiq. s.v. Beryllus. SEE ONYX.



CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.





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