Birthday
VIEW:46 DATA:01-04-2020
BIRTHDAY.Birthday celebrations are mentioned only in connexion with royalty, viz. Pharaohs birthday (Gen_40:20), the monthly celebration of that of Antiochus Epiphanes (2Ma_6:7), and the birthday feast given by Herod Antipas (Mat_14:6, Mar_6:21). The day of our king, to which Hosea refers (Hos_7:5), may have been the anniversary either of the kings birth or of his accession. Some authorities (e.g. Edersheim, Life and Times of Jesus, i. 672) regard Herods feast as celebrating the anniversary of his accessiona view based on a mistaken exegesis of the Talmudic passage Aboda zara I. 3 (see the full discussion in Schürer, GJV [Note: JV Geschichte des Jüdischen Volkes.] 3 i. 438441).
A. R. S. Kennedy.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
Birthday. The custom of observing birthdays is very ancient, Gen_40:20; Jer_20:15, and in Job_1:4, etc., we read that Job's sons "feasted every one his day." In Persia, birthdays were celebrated with peculiar honors and banquets, and in Egypt, those of the king were kept with great pomp.
It is very probable that, in Mat_14:6, the feast to commemorate Herod's accession is intended, for we know that such feasts were common, and were called "the day of the king." Hos_7:5.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
bûrth?dā:
(1) The custom of observing birthdays of great men, especially of kings, was widespread in ancient times (see Gen_40:20 f, ?the third day, which was Pharaoh's birthday,? etc.; compare 2 Macc 6:7; and Herod. ix.110; in the New Testament, Mat_14:6; Mar_6:21, ?Herod on his birthday made a supper to his lords,? etc., i.e. Herod Antipas). Here we see the ancient custom reflected in two conspicuous instances centuries apart: (a) Pharaoh, on his birthday ?made a feast unto all his servants,? etc., and (b) Herod on his birthday ?made a supper to his lords, and the high captains,? etc. The King James Version (Mat_14:6) has it ?when Herod's birthday was kept,? etc.
The correct text here (Tischendorf, Westcott-Hort) has a very peculiar construction, but without material difference of meaning. The locative case gives the time of the principal action, ?danced on Herod's birthday, when it occurred.? The construction is not unexampled (see Jelf, section 699). This need not be called ?a case absolute,? though it corresponds to the Latin ablative (locative) absolute; and the Greek genitive absolute is itself not really ?absolute,? i.e. it is not cut loose from the rest of the construction, but gives some event to which the principal action is referred, for the indication of its circumstances.
(2) The term ?birthday? (τὰ γενέσια, tá genésia) was applied also to the anniversary of a king's accession to the throne (Edersheim); but Wieseler's argument that such is the case here is not conclusive. It is easy to suppose that when Herod's birthday approached he was sojourning at the castle of Macherus, accompanied by leading military and civil officials of his dominions (Mar_6:21). Petty ruler as he was, not properly ?king? at all, he affected kingly ways (compare Est_5:3, Est_5:6; Est_7:2).
(3) Genesia, which in Attic Greek means the commemoration of the dead, in later Greek is interchangeable with genéthlia = ?birthday celebrations?; and there is no good reason why the rendering of the King James Version and the Revised Version (British and American) here, ?birthday,? should not be right (See Swete on Mar_6:21, and HDB, under the word) For date of Christ's birth, etc., see JESUS CHRIST; CALENDAR, etc.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Birthday
(יוֹם הֻלֶּדֶת, Gen_40:20; τὰ γενέσια, Mat_14:6; Mar_6:21). The observance of birthdays may be traced to a very ancient date; and the birthday of the first-born son seems in particular to have been celebrated with a degree of festivity proportioned to the joy which the event of his actual birth occasioned (Job_1:4; Job_1:13; Job_1:18). The birthdays of the Egyptian kings were celebrated with great pomp as early as the time of Joseph (Gen_40:20). These days were in Egypt looked upon as holy; no business was done upon them, and all parties indulged in festivities suitable to the occasion. Every Egyptian attached much importance to the day, and even to the hour of his birth; and it is probable that, as in Persia (Herodot. i, 133; Xenoph. Cyrop. i, 3, 9), each individual kept his birthday with great rejoicinrs, welcoming his friends with all the amusements of society, and a more than usual profusion of delicacies of the table (Wilkinson, v, 290). In the Bible there is no instance of birthday celebrations among the Jews themselves (but see Jer_20:15). The example of Herod the tetrarch (Mat_14:6), the celebration of whose birthday cost John the Baptist his life, can scarcely be regarded as such, the family to which he belonged being notorious for its adoption of heathen customs. In fact, the later Jews at least regarded birthday celebrations as parts of idolatrous worship (Lightfoot, Hor. Hebr. ad Mat_14:6), and this probably on account of the idolatrous rites with which they were observed in honor of those who were retarded as the patron gods of the day on which the party was born.
The proper Greek term for a birthday festival is τὰ γενέθλια (and hence in the early writers the day of a martyr's commemoration), but τὰ γενέσια seems to be used in this sense by a Hellenism, for in Herod. 4:26, it means a day in honor of the dead. It is not impossible, however, that in Mat_14:6, the feast to commemorate Herod's accession is intended, for we know that such feasts were common (especially in Herod's family, Josephus, Ant. 15:11, 3; see Blunt's Coincidences, Append. vii), and were called "the day of the king" (Hos_7:5). The Gemarists distinguish expressly between the יוֹם גְּנוּסָיֵא שֶׁל מְלָכַים, dies γεννέσια regni, and the יוֹם יִלְדָּא, or birthday (Lightfoot, Hor. Hebrews 1. c.).
Treatises on birthday celebrations have been written in Latin by Braen (Hafn. 1702), Esenbreck (Altdorf, 1732), Funcke (Gorliz. 1677), same (ibid. 1695), Hilde1trand (Helmst. 1661), Rhode (Regiom. 1716), Roa (Lugd. Bat. 1604), Spangenberg (Gothle, 1722), Weber (Vimar. 1751), Wend (Viteb. 1687).
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
A. R. S. Kennedy.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
Birthday. The custom of observing birthdays is very ancient, Gen_40:20; Jer_20:15, and in Job_1:4, etc., we read that Job's sons "feasted every one his day." In Persia, birthdays were celebrated with peculiar honors and banquets, and in Egypt, those of the king were kept with great pomp.
It is very probable that, in Mat_14:6, the feast to commemorate Herod's accession is intended, for we know that such feasts were common, and were called "the day of the king." Hos_7:5.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
bûrth?dā:
(1) The custom of observing birthdays of great men, especially of kings, was widespread in ancient times (see Gen_40:20 f, ?the third day, which was Pharaoh's birthday,? etc.; compare 2 Macc 6:7; and Herod. ix.110; in the New Testament, Mat_14:6; Mar_6:21, ?Herod on his birthday made a supper to his lords,? etc., i.e. Herod Antipas). Here we see the ancient custom reflected in two conspicuous instances centuries apart: (a) Pharaoh, on his birthday ?made a feast unto all his servants,? etc., and (b) Herod on his birthday ?made a supper to his lords, and the high captains,? etc. The King James Version (Mat_14:6) has it ?when Herod's birthday was kept,? etc.
The correct text here (Tischendorf, Westcott-Hort) has a very peculiar construction, but without material difference of meaning. The locative case gives the time of the principal action, ?danced on Herod's birthday, when it occurred.? The construction is not unexampled (see Jelf, section 699). This need not be called ?a case absolute,? though it corresponds to the Latin ablative (locative) absolute; and the Greek genitive absolute is itself not really ?absolute,? i.e. it is not cut loose from the rest of the construction, but gives some event to which the principal action is referred, for the indication of its circumstances.
(2) The term ?birthday? (τὰ γενέσια, tá genésia) was applied also to the anniversary of a king's accession to the throne (Edersheim); but Wieseler's argument that such is the case here is not conclusive. It is easy to suppose that when Herod's birthday approached he was sojourning at the castle of Macherus, accompanied by leading military and civil officials of his dominions (Mar_6:21). Petty ruler as he was, not properly ?king? at all, he affected kingly ways (compare Est_5:3, Est_5:6; Est_7:2).
(3) Genesia, which in Attic Greek means the commemoration of the dead, in later Greek is interchangeable with genéthlia = ?birthday celebrations?; and there is no good reason why the rendering of the King James Version and the Revised Version (British and American) here, ?birthday,? should not be right (See Swete on Mar_6:21, and HDB, under the word) For date of Christ's birth, etc., see JESUS CHRIST; CALENDAR, etc.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Birthday
(יוֹם הֻלֶּדֶת, Gen_40:20; τὰ γενέσια, Mat_14:6; Mar_6:21). The observance of birthdays may be traced to a very ancient date; and the birthday of the first-born son seems in particular to have been celebrated with a degree of festivity proportioned to the joy which the event of his actual birth occasioned (Job_1:4; Job_1:13; Job_1:18). The birthdays of the Egyptian kings were celebrated with great pomp as early as the time of Joseph (Gen_40:20). These days were in Egypt looked upon as holy; no business was done upon them, and all parties indulged in festivities suitable to the occasion. Every Egyptian attached much importance to the day, and even to the hour of his birth; and it is probable that, as in Persia (Herodot. i, 133; Xenoph. Cyrop. i, 3, 9), each individual kept his birthday with great rejoicinrs, welcoming his friends with all the amusements of society, and a more than usual profusion of delicacies of the table (Wilkinson, v, 290). In the Bible there is no instance of birthday celebrations among the Jews themselves (but see Jer_20:15). The example of Herod the tetrarch (Mat_14:6), the celebration of whose birthday cost John the Baptist his life, can scarcely be regarded as such, the family to which he belonged being notorious for its adoption of heathen customs. In fact, the later Jews at least regarded birthday celebrations as parts of idolatrous worship (Lightfoot, Hor. Hebr. ad Mat_14:6), and this probably on account of the idolatrous rites with which they were observed in honor of those who were retarded as the patron gods of the day on which the party was born.
The proper Greek term for a birthday festival is τὰ γενέθλια (and hence in the early writers the day of a martyr's commemoration), but τὰ γενέσια seems to be used in this sense by a Hellenism, for in Herod. 4:26, it means a day in honor of the dead. It is not impossible, however, that in Mat_14:6, the feast to commemorate Herod's accession is intended, for we know that such feasts were common (especially in Herod's family, Josephus, Ant. 15:11, 3; see Blunt's Coincidences, Append. vii), and were called "the day of the king" (Hos_7:5). The Gemarists distinguish expressly between the יוֹם גְּנוּסָיֵא שֶׁל מְלָכַים, dies γεννέσια regni, and the יוֹם יִלְדָּא, or birthday (Lightfoot, Hor. Hebrews 1. c.).
Treatises on birthday celebrations have been written in Latin by Braen (Hafn. 1702), Esenbreck (Altdorf, 1732), Funcke (Gorliz. 1677), same (ibid. 1695), Hilde1trand (Helmst. 1661), Rhode (Regiom. 1716), Roa (Lugd. Bat. 1604), Spangenberg (Gothle, 1722), Weber (Vimar. 1751), Wend (Viteb. 1687).
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
BUSCADAVERDADE
Visite o nosso canal youtube.com/buscadaverdade e se INSCREVA agora mesmo! Lá temos uma diversidade de temas interessantes sobre: Saúde, Receitas Saudáveis, Benefícios dos Alimentos, Benefícios das Vitaminas e Sais Minerais... Dê uma olhadinha, você vai gostar! E não se esqueça, dê o seu like e se INSCREVA! Clique abaixo e vá direto ao canal!
Saiba Mais
-
Nutrição
Vegetarianismo e a Vitamina B12 -
Receita
Como preparar a Proteína Vegetal Texturizada -
Arqueologia
Livro de Enoque é um livro profético?
Tags