Carcinogenic products and regions of incidence

List of Classifications by cancer sites with sufficient or limited evidence in humans, Volumes 1 to 124 ^a

Cancer site

Carcinogenic agents with sufficient evidence in humans

Agents with limited evidence in humans

Stomach

Helicobacter pylori Rubber production industry Tobacco smoking X-radiation, gamma-radiation

Asbestos (all forms) Epstein-Barr virus Lead compounds, inorganic Nitrate or nitrite (ingested) under conditions that result in endogenous nitrosation Pickled vegetables (traditional Asian)

Processed meat (consumption of)

Salted fish, Chinese-style

Colon and rectum

Alcoholic beverages Processed meat (consumption of) Tobacco smoking X-radiation, gamma-radiation

Asbestos (all forms)

Night shift work

Red meat (consumption of)

Schistosoma japonicum

Anus

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Human papillomavirus type 16

Human papillomavirus types 18, 33

Liver and bile duct

Aflatoxins

Alcoholic beverages

Clonorchis sinensis

1,2-Dichloropropane

Estrogen-progestogen contraceptives

Hepatitis B virus

Hepatitis C virus

Opisthorchis viverrini

Plutonium

Thorium-232 and its decay products Tobacco smoking (in smokers and in smokers’ children)

Vinyl chloride

Androgenic (anabolic) steroids Arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds

Betel quid without tobacco DDT

Dichloromethane (Methylene chloride)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1

Schistosoma japonicum Trichloroethylene X-radiation, gamma-radiation

Gall bladder

Thorium-232 and its decay products

Pancreas

Tobacco, smokeless Tobacco smoking

Alcoholic beverages Red meat (consumption of) Thorium-232 and its decay products

X-radiation, gamma-radiation