Carcinogenic products and regions of incidence

List of Classifications by cancer sites with sufficient or limited evidence in humans, Volumes 1 to 124 ^a

Cancer site

Carcinogenic agents with sufficient

Agents with limited evidence

evidence in humans

in humans

Endocrine glands

Thyroid

Radioiodines, including Iodine-131 X-radiation, gamma-radiation

Lymphoid, hematopoietic, and related tissue

Leukaemia and/or

Azathioprine

Benzene^b

lymphoma

Benzene^b

Bischloroethyl nitrosourea

Busulfan

(BCNU)

1,3-Butadiene

Chloramphenicol

Chlorambucil

DDT

Cyclophosphamide

Diazinon

Cyclosporine

Dichloromethane (Methylene

Epstein-Barr virus

chloride)

Etoposide with cisplatin and bleomycin

Ethylene oxide

Fission products, including Strontium-90

Etoposide

Formaldehyde

Glyphosate

Helicobacter pylori

Hepatitis B virus

Hepatitis C virus

Magnetic fields, extremely low frequency (childhood

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1

leukaemia)

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1

Malaria (caused by infection

Kaposi sarcoma herpes virus

with Plasmodium

Lindane

falciparum in holoendemic

Melphalan

areas)

Malathion

MOPP (vincristine-prednisone-nitrogen

mustard-procarbazine mixture)

Mitoxantrone

Pentachlorophenol

Nitrogen mustard

Phosphorus-32 Rubber production industry

Painting (childhood leukaemia from maternal exposure)

Petroleum refining,

Semustine (methyl-CCNU)

occupational exposures

Thiotepa

Polychlorinated biphenyls

Thorium-232 and its decay products

Polychlorophenols or their

Tobacco smoking

sodium salts (combined

Treosulfan

exposures)

X-radiation, gamma-radiation

Radioiodines, including Iodine-131

Radon-222 and its decay