Adamant

VIEW:53 DATA:01-04-2020
ADAMANT is twice (Eze_3:9, Zec_7:12) used in AV [Note: Authorized Version.] and RV [Note: Revised Version.] as tr. [Note: translate or translation.] of shâmir, which is elsewhere rendered either ‘brier’ (Isa_5:6; Isa_7:23-25; Isa_9:18; Isa_10:17; Isa_27:4; Isa_32:13) or ‘diamond’ (Jer_17:1). ‘Diamond,’ which arose from ‘adamant’ by a variety of spelling (‘adamant,’ or ‘adimant,’ then ‘diamant’ or ‘diamond’), has displaced ‘adamant’ as the name of the precious stone, ‘adamant’ being now used rhetorically to express extreme hardness.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909


(the English mean "unconquerable".) Unusually hard stones, as the diamond, which is a corruption of the word adamant; Hebrew shamir; Greek smiris. Probably the emery stone or the uncrystallized corundum (Eze_3:9). Image for firmness in resisting the adversaries of the truth of God (Zec_7:12). Image of hard heartedness against the truth (Jer_17:1). The stylus pointed with it engraves deeper than the common iron; with such a pen is Jerusalem's sin marked. Its absence from the high priest's breast-plate was because it could not be engraven upon; or perhaps it had not been introduced at that early time. (See DIAMOND.)
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.


Adamant. The translation of the Hebrew word, Shamir in Eze_3:9 and Zec_7:12. In Jer_17:1, it is translated "diamond." In these three passages, the word is the representative of some stone of excessive hardness, and is used metaphorically. It is very probable that by Shamir is intended emery, a variety of corundum, a mineral inferior, only to the diamond in hardness.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863


שמיר , ‘Αδαμας, Sir_16:16. A stone of impenetrable hardness. Sometimes this name is given to the diamond; and so it is rendered, Jer_17:1. But the Hebrew word rather means a very hard kind of stone, probably the smiris, which was also used for cutting, engraving, and polishing other hard stones and crystals. The word occurs also in Eze_3:9, and Zec_7:12. In the former place the Lord says to the Prophet, “I have made thy forehead as an adamant, firmer than a rock; that is, endued thee with undaunted courage. In the latter, the hearts of wicked men are declared to be as adamant; neither broken by the threatenings and judgments of God, nor penetrated by his promises, invitations, and mercies. See DIAMOND.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.


ad?a-mant (שׁמיר, shāmı̄r (Eze_3:9; Zec_7:12)): In the passages cited and in Jer_17:1, where it is rendered ?diamond? the word shamir evidently refers to a hard stone. The word adamant (?unconquerable?) is used in the early Greek writers for a hard metal, perhaps steel, later for a metal-like gold and later for the diamond. The Hebrew shāmı̄r, the Greek adamas (from which word ?diamond? as well as ?adamant? is derived) and the English adamant occur regularly in figurative expressions. All three are equally indefinite. Adamant may therefore be considered a good translation for shāmı̄r, though the Septuagint does not use adamas in the passages cited. There is a possible etymological identification of shāmı̄r with the Greek smyris (smēris or smiris), emery, a granular form of corundum well known to the ancients and used by them for polishing and engraving precious stones. Corundum in all its forms, including the sapphire and ruby, is in the scale of hardness next to the diamond. In English Versions of the Bible Isa_5:6; Isa_7:23-25; Isa_9:18; Isa_10:17; Isa_27:4; Isa_32:13, shāmı̄r is translated ?brier?. See also STONES, PRECIOUS.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.


The word thus rendered is, in Hebrew, Shamir. It occurs in Jer_17:1; Eze_3:9; Zec_7:12. The Septuagint in Jer_17:1, and the Vulgate in all these passages, take it for the diamond. The signification of the word, 'a sharp point,' countenances this interpretation, the diamond being for its hardness used in perforating and cutting other minerals. Indeed, this use of the shamir is distinctly alluded to in Jer_17:1, where the stylus pointed with it is distinguished from one of iron. The two other passages also favor this view by using it figuratively to express the hardness and obduracy of the Israelites. Our Authorized Version has 'diamond' in Jer_17:1, and 'adamant' in the other texts: but in the original the word is the same in all. Bochart, however, rejects the usual explanation, and conceives it to mean 'emery.' This is a calcined iron mixed with siliceous earth, occurring in livid scales of such hardness that in ancient times, as at present, it was used for polishing and engraving precious stones, diamonds excepted. Rosenm?ller urges in favor of this notion that if the Hebrews had been acquainted with the diamond, and with the manner of working it, we should doubtless have found it among the stones of the high-priest's breastplate; and that, as the shamir was not one of the stones thus employed, therefore it was not the diamond. But to this it may be answered, that it was perhaps not used because it could not be engraved on, or was possibly not introduced until a later period.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.


Adamant
a term vaguely used to describe any very hard stone, and employed in the Auth. Vers. in Eze_3:9; Zec_7:12, as the rendering of שָׁמַיר(shamir'), elsewhere (Jer_17:1) rendered DIAMOND (q.v.). Α᾿δάμας, Sir_16:1-30; Sir_16:1-30, in some copies.

CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.





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