Carbuncle
VIEW:44 DATA:01-04-2020
CARBUNCLE.See Jewels and Precious Stones.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
(in English "a little coal," "a bright red gem"): eqedach, boreqeth, the former in Isa_54:12 from qadach "to burn," the latter from baraq "to flash." A brightly flashing stone. A smaragd (Septuagint) or corundum, of green glass color, transparent, and doubly refractive; the emerald (Exo_28:17); third stone in the first row m the high priest's breast-plate (Eze_28:13).
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Carbuncle. This word represents two Hebrew words. The first may be a general term to denote any bright,sparkling gem, Isa_54:12; the second term, Exo_28:17; Exo_39:10; Eze_28:13, is supposed to be any smaragdus or emerald.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
ברקת , Exo_28:17; Exo_39:10; Eze_28:13; and ανθρεξ, Ecclesiastes 32:5; Tob_13:17; a very elegant and rare gem, known to the ancients by the name ανθραξ, or coal, because, when held up before the sun, it appears like a piece of bright burning charcoal: the name carbunculus has the same meaning. It was the third stone in the first row of the pectoral; and is mentioned among the glorious stones of which the new Jerusalem is figuratively said to be built. Bishop Lowth observes that the precious stones, mentioned Isa_54:11-12, and Rev_21:18, seem to be general images to express beauty, magnificence, purity, strength, and solidity, agreeably to the ideas of the eastern nations; and to have never been intended to be strictly scrutinized, and minutely and particularly explained, as if they had some precise moral or spiritual meaning. Tobit, in his prophecy of the final restoration of Israel, Tob_12:16-17, describes the new Jerusalem in the same oriental manner.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
kar?buṇ-k'l. See STONES, PRECIOUS.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Car?buncle. There are two Hebrew words rendered by 'Carbuncle' in the Authorized Version. One of them, Nophech which occurs in Exo_28:18; Exo_39:11; Eze_28:13, appears to have been a kind of ruby or garnet, perhaps the noble Oriental garnet, which is a transparent red stone, with a violet shade, and strong glossy luster. The other word is Ekdach which occurs in Isa_54:12, where the gates of the new Jerusalem are described as being composed of it. It seems to denote some stone of a fiery luster, but the particular kind cannot well be determined.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Carbuncle
is the rendering in the Auth. Vers. of the following Hebrews and Gr. words: 1. אֶקְדָּח, ekdach', only Isa_54:12 (Sept. κρύσταλλος, Vulg. [lapis] sculptus), some sparkling gem (from קָדִח, to inflame). 2. בָּרֶקֶת, bare'keth, only Exo_28:17; Exo_39:10, as the third in the first row of the high-priest's breastplate (Sept. σμάραγδος, Vulg. smaragdus, i.e. emerald); or בּ רקִת, barekath', only Eze_28:13 (Sept. ὀνύχιον, Vulg. smaragdus). From the etymology (בָּרִק, to flash), we assume that a stone of a bright coruscant color is meant. Kalisch translates it smaragd, or emerald, and says it is a sort of precious corundum of strong glass luster, a beautiful green color, with many degrees of shade, pellucid and doubly refractive. Pliny enumerates twelve species of emerald. They are not rare in Egypt (see Braun. de Vest. Sacerdott. p. 517 sq.). 3. ῎Ανθραξ, lit. a coal of fire, Tob_13:17; Sir_32:5. 4. The carbuncle is thought by many to be denoted by the word נֹפֶךְ, no'phek ("emerald," Exo_28:18; Exo_39:11; Eze_27:16; Eze_28:13). SEE EMERALD. Under the name "carbuncle" are comprehended several brilliant red stones of the clay family which resemble a glowing coal, such as the ruby, the garnet, the spinel, but particularly the almandin, that is, the noble Oriental garnet, a transparent red stone with a violet shade and strong glass luster. Probably it is not so hard as the ruby, which, indeed, is the most beautiful and costly of the precious stones of red color, but, at the same time, so hard that engravings cannot easily be made in it (Rosenmüller, Alterth. 4:1, 34). In the present state of our knowled e respecting the ancient Hebrew mineralogy, it is impossible to determine with precision what particular gem is denoted by either of these terms, although they all evidently were precious stones of a brilliant fiery hue. SEE GEM.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
(in English "a little coal," "a bright red gem"): eqedach, boreqeth, the former in Isa_54:12 from qadach "to burn," the latter from baraq "to flash." A brightly flashing stone. A smaragd (Septuagint) or corundum, of green glass color, transparent, and doubly refractive; the emerald (Exo_28:17); third stone in the first row m the high priest's breast-plate (Eze_28:13).
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Carbuncle. This word represents two Hebrew words. The first may be a general term to denote any bright,sparkling gem, Isa_54:12; the second term, Exo_28:17; Exo_39:10; Eze_28:13, is supposed to be any smaragdus or emerald.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
ברקת , Exo_28:17; Exo_39:10; Eze_28:13; and ανθρεξ, Ecclesiastes 32:5; Tob_13:17; a very elegant and rare gem, known to the ancients by the name ανθραξ, or coal, because, when held up before the sun, it appears like a piece of bright burning charcoal: the name carbunculus has the same meaning. It was the third stone in the first row of the pectoral; and is mentioned among the glorious stones of which the new Jerusalem is figuratively said to be built. Bishop Lowth observes that the precious stones, mentioned Isa_54:11-12, and Rev_21:18, seem to be general images to express beauty, magnificence, purity, strength, and solidity, agreeably to the ideas of the eastern nations; and to have never been intended to be strictly scrutinized, and minutely and particularly explained, as if they had some precise moral or spiritual meaning. Tobit, in his prophecy of the final restoration of Israel, Tob_12:16-17, describes the new Jerusalem in the same oriental manner.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
kar?buṇ-k'l. See STONES, PRECIOUS.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Car?buncle. There are two Hebrew words rendered by 'Carbuncle' in the Authorized Version. One of them, Nophech which occurs in Exo_28:18; Exo_39:11; Eze_28:13, appears to have been a kind of ruby or garnet, perhaps the noble Oriental garnet, which is a transparent red stone, with a violet shade, and strong glossy luster. The other word is Ekdach which occurs in Isa_54:12, where the gates of the new Jerusalem are described as being composed of it. It seems to denote some stone of a fiery luster, but the particular kind cannot well be determined.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Carbuncle
is the rendering in the Auth. Vers. of the following Hebrews and Gr. words: 1. אֶקְדָּח, ekdach', only Isa_54:12 (Sept. κρύσταλλος, Vulg. [lapis] sculptus), some sparkling gem (from קָדִח, to inflame). 2. בָּרֶקֶת, bare'keth, only Exo_28:17; Exo_39:10, as the third in the first row of the high-priest's breastplate (Sept. σμάραγδος, Vulg. smaragdus, i.e. emerald); or בּ רקִת, barekath', only Eze_28:13 (Sept. ὀνύχιον, Vulg. smaragdus). From the etymology (בָּרִק, to flash), we assume that a stone of a bright coruscant color is meant. Kalisch translates it smaragd, or emerald, and says it is a sort of precious corundum of strong glass luster, a beautiful green color, with many degrees of shade, pellucid and doubly refractive. Pliny enumerates twelve species of emerald. They are not rare in Egypt (see Braun. de Vest. Sacerdott. p. 517 sq.). 3. ῎Ανθραξ, lit. a coal of fire, Tob_13:17; Sir_32:5. 4. The carbuncle is thought by many to be denoted by the word נֹפֶךְ, no'phek ("emerald," Exo_28:18; Exo_39:11; Eze_27:16; Eze_28:13). SEE EMERALD. Under the name "carbuncle" are comprehended several brilliant red stones of the clay family which resemble a glowing coal, such as the ruby, the garnet, the spinel, but particularly the almandin, that is, the noble Oriental garnet, a transparent red stone with a violet shade and strong glass luster. Probably it is not so hard as the ruby, which, indeed, is the most beautiful and costly of the precious stones of red color, but, at the same time, so hard that engravings cannot easily be made in it (Rosenmüller, Alterth. 4:1, 34). In the present state of our knowled e respecting the ancient Hebrew mineralogy, it is impossible to determine with precision what particular gem is denoted by either of these terms, although they all evidently were precious stones of a brilliant fiery hue. SEE GEM.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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