Cockle
VIEW:42 DATA:01-04-2020
COCKLE (boshâh, Job_31:40).AVm [Note: Authorized Version margin.] stinking weeds or RVm [Note: Revised Version margin.] noisome weeds are both more correct. Sir J [Note: Jahwist.] . Hooper has suggested stinking arums, which are common Palestine plants, but the more general rendering is safer.
E. W. G. Masterman.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
ba'esha, from a root "to stink" (Job_31:40). Probably the "tares" (zizania) of Mat_13:30. Bad weeds in general; or barley affected by Uredo fetida, "the stinking rust."
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Cockle. Probably signifies bad weeds or fruit. Job_31:40.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
כאשה . This word occurs only in Job_31:40. By the Chaldee it is rendered noxious herbs; by Symmachus, ατελεσφορητα, plants of imperfect fruit; by the Septuagint, βατος, the blackberry bush; by Castelio, ebulus, dwarf elder; by Celsius, aconite; and by Bishop Stock and Dr. Good, the night-shade. M. Michaelis maintains, after Celsius, that both this word and באשים , Isa_5:2; Isa_5:4, denote the aconite, a poisonous plant, growing spontaneously and luxuriantly on sunny hills, such as are used for vineyards. He says that this interpretation is certain, because, as Celsius had observed, ביש , in Arabic, denotes the aconite; and he intimates that it best suits Job_31:40, where it is mentioned as growing instead of barley. The word appears to import a weed not only noxious, but of a fetid smell.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
kok?'l (King James Version margin ?stinking weeds,? the Revised Version, margin ?noisome weeds?; בּאשׁה, bo'shāh, from Hebrew root בּאשׁ, bā'ash, ?to stink?; βάτος, bátos): ?Let thistles grow instead of wheat, and cockle instead of barley? (Job_31:40). On account of the meaning of the Hebrew root we should expect that the reference was rather to repulsive, offensive weeds than to the pretty corn cockle. It is very possible that no particular plant is here intended, though the common Palestinian ?stinking? arums have been suggested by Hooker.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
This word occurs in the singular form in Job_31:40, and in the plural form in Isa_5:2; Isa_5:4, where, however, it is rendered 'wild grapes.' It is probable that the same plant is referred to in these two passages; but difficulties have here, as elsewhere, been experienced in ascertaining the precise plant intended. All, however, are agreed that some useless, if not noxious, herb must be understood in both cases. The probability is in favor of its being the ox's grape or wolf-grape, either of which somewhat resembles the grape in the form of its berried fruit, but is very different in its properties, being narcotic and poisonous. Hasselquist, in reference to the passage of Isaiah, says, 'I am inclined to believe that the prophet here means the hoary nightshade, because it is common in Egypt and Palestine, and the Arabian name agrees well with it. The Arabs call it anib-el-dib, i.e. wolf-grape. The prophet could not have found a plant more opposite to the vine than this, for it grows much in the vineyards, and is very pernicious to them, wherefore they root it out: it likewise resembles a vine by its shrubby stalk.'
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Cockle
(בָּאְשָׁה, boshah', an offensive plant, q. d. stink-weed; Sept. βάτος, i.e. bramble) occurs only in Job_31:40 : Let thistles grow instead of wheat, and cockle instead of barley. It is probably a mere general term signifying weed, perhaps like the darnel (ζιζάνια, tares) of Mat_13:30. Celsius (Hierobot. 2, 199) would identify it with the aconite, but Gesenius questions this (Jesaia, 1, 230; 2:364), as the word must not be confounded with the plur. form (בְּאֻשַׁים, beiishim'), wild grapes (q.v.), in Isa_5:2; Isa_5:4. SEE BOTANY.
Codex Alexandrinus, etc.
SEE ALEXANDRIAN MANUSCRIPT, etc.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
E. W. G. Masterman.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
ba'esha, from a root "to stink" (Job_31:40). Probably the "tares" (zizania) of Mat_13:30. Bad weeds in general; or barley affected by Uredo fetida, "the stinking rust."
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Cockle. Probably signifies bad weeds or fruit. Job_31:40.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
כאשה . This word occurs only in Job_31:40. By the Chaldee it is rendered noxious herbs; by Symmachus, ατελεσφορητα, plants of imperfect fruit; by the Septuagint, βατος, the blackberry bush; by Castelio, ebulus, dwarf elder; by Celsius, aconite; and by Bishop Stock and Dr. Good, the night-shade. M. Michaelis maintains, after Celsius, that both this word and באשים , Isa_5:2; Isa_5:4, denote the aconite, a poisonous plant, growing spontaneously and luxuriantly on sunny hills, such as are used for vineyards. He says that this interpretation is certain, because, as Celsius had observed, ביש , in Arabic, denotes the aconite; and he intimates that it best suits Job_31:40, where it is mentioned as growing instead of barley. The word appears to import a weed not only noxious, but of a fetid smell.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
kok?'l (King James Version margin ?stinking weeds,? the Revised Version, margin ?noisome weeds?; בּאשׁה, bo'shāh, from Hebrew root בּאשׁ, bā'ash, ?to stink?; βάτος, bátos): ?Let thistles grow instead of wheat, and cockle instead of barley? (Job_31:40). On account of the meaning of the Hebrew root we should expect that the reference was rather to repulsive, offensive weeds than to the pretty corn cockle. It is very possible that no particular plant is here intended, though the common Palestinian ?stinking? arums have been suggested by Hooker.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
This word occurs in the singular form in Job_31:40, and in the plural form in Isa_5:2; Isa_5:4, where, however, it is rendered 'wild grapes.' It is probable that the same plant is referred to in these two passages; but difficulties have here, as elsewhere, been experienced in ascertaining the precise plant intended. All, however, are agreed that some useless, if not noxious, herb must be understood in both cases. The probability is in favor of its being the ox's grape or wolf-grape, either of which somewhat resembles the grape in the form of its berried fruit, but is very different in its properties, being narcotic and poisonous. Hasselquist, in reference to the passage of Isaiah, says, 'I am inclined to believe that the prophet here means the hoary nightshade, because it is common in Egypt and Palestine, and the Arabian name agrees well with it. The Arabs call it anib-el-dib, i.e. wolf-grape. The prophet could not have found a plant more opposite to the vine than this, for it grows much in the vineyards, and is very pernicious to them, wherefore they root it out: it likewise resembles a vine by its shrubby stalk.'
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Cockle
(בָּאְשָׁה, boshah', an offensive plant, q. d. stink-weed; Sept. βάτος, i.e. bramble) occurs only in Job_31:40 : Let thistles grow instead of wheat, and cockle instead of barley. It is probably a mere general term signifying weed, perhaps like the darnel (ζιζάνια, tares) of Mat_13:30. Celsius (Hierobot. 2, 199) would identify it with the aconite, but Gesenius questions this (Jesaia, 1, 230; 2:364), as the word must not be confounded with the plur. form (בְּאֻשַׁים, beiishim'), wild grapes (q.v.), in Isa_5:2; Isa_5:4. SEE BOTANY.
Codex Alexandrinus, etc.
SEE ALEXANDRIAN MANUSCRIPT, etc.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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