Coney
VIEW:46 DATA:01-04-2020
CONEY (EV [Note: English Version.] tr. [Note: translate or translation.] of shâphân, RVm [Note: Revised Version margin.] rock badger).The Hyrax syriacus, called by the Arabs wabr, also the ghanam beni Israel (the sheep of the children of Israel). The coney is a small rabbit-like animal, with short ears and a mere stump of a tail. It has stiff greyish-brown hair, with softer, lighter-coloured hair on the belly; it is nocturnal in its habits, and lives in holes in the rocks. Conies are very plentiful along the rocky shores of the Dead Sea, and also in the Lebanon, especially above Sidon; they can, however, be seen as a rule only between sunset and sunrise. They are gregarious in their habits, and disappear into their rocky fastnesses (Psa_104:18, Pro_30:24; Pro_30:26) with the greatest rapidity on the slightest approach of danger. The Bedouin, when hunting them, lie hidden for many hours during the night close to their holes. They feed on grass and sweet-smelling herbs, and their flesh is esteemed for eating by the Bedouin; they do not actually chew the cud (Lev_11:5, Deu_14:7), though they work their jaws in a way that resembles a ruminant. Structurally the coney is so peculiar as to have an order, the Hyracoidea, to itself.
E. W. G. Masterman.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
shaphan, from the root "to hide"; the S. Arab, thofun; the Syrian Arab, weber. A pachydermatous animal, gregarious, greybacked, white on the belly, with long hair, short tail, and round ears; common on the ridges of Lebanon; living in caves and clefts; the Hyrax Syriacus, not the rabbit or coney. Pro_30:26; "the coneys are but a feeble folk, yet make they their houses in the rocks:" exactly true of the hyrax; with weak teeth, short incisors, and nails instead, it seems defenseless, but its security is in rocky hiding places, such as Ain Feshkah on the Dead Sea shore.
"No animal" (says Tristram). "gave us so much trouble to secure." It is described as "chewing the cud" (Lev_11:5; Deu_14:7), in phenomenal language, because the motion of its jaws is like that of ruminating animals; so also the hare. Though in some respects like the rodentia, it is really akin to the rhinoceros; its molar teeth differ only in the size; its body is as large as the rabbit. The "exceeding wisdom" of the coneys is illustrated in their setting an old male sentry near their holes to warn his companions when danger approaches, by a whistling sound.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Coney. (Hebrew, shaphan). A gregarious animal of the class Pachydermata, which is found in Palestine, living in the caves and clefts of the rocks, and has been erroneously identified with the rabbit or coney. Its scientific name as Hyrax syriacus.
The hyrax satisfies exactly the expressions in Psa_104:18; Pro_30:26. Its color is gray or brown on the back, white on the belly; it is like the alpine marmot, scarcely of the size of the domestic cat, having long hair, a very short tail and round ears. It is found on Lebanon and in the Jordan and Dead Sea valleys.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
שפן , Lev_11:5; Deu_14:7; Psa_104:8; and Pro_30:26. Bochart and others have supposed the saphan of the Scriptures to be the jerboa; but Mr. Bruce proves that the ashkoko is intended. This curious animal is found in Ethiopia, and in great numbers on Mount Lebanon, &c. Instead of holes, they seem to delight in more airy places, in the mouths of caves, or clefts in the rock. They are gregarious, and frequently several dozens of them sit upon the great stones at the mouths of caves, and warm themselves in the sun, or come out and enjoy the freshness of the summer evening. They do not stand upright upon their feet, but seem to steal along as in fear, their belly being nearly close to the ground; advancing a few steps at a time, and then pausing. They have something very mild, feeble-like, and timid, in their deportment; are gentle and easily tamed, though, when roughly handled at the first, they bite very severely. Many are the reasons to believe this to be the animal called saphan in Hebrew, and erroneously by our translators, the coney, or rabbit. The latter are gregarious indeed, and so far resemble the other, as also in size; but they seek not the same place of retreat; for the rabbit burrows most generally in the sand. Nor is there any thing in the character of rabbits that denotes excellent wisdom, or that they supply the want of strength by any remarkable sagacity. The saphan, then, is not the rabbit; which last, unless it was brought to him by his ships from Europe, Solomon never saw.
Let us now apply the characters of the ashkoko to the saphan. He is above all other animals so much attached to the rocks, that I never once, says Mr. Bruce, saw him on the ground, or from among large stones in the mouth of caves, where is his constant residence. He lives in families or flocks. He is in Judea, Palestine, and Arabia, and consequently must have been familiar to Solomon. David describes him very pertinently, and joins him to other animals perfectly known: The hills are a refuge for the wild goats, and the rocks for the saphan:' and Solomon says that they are exceeding wise,' that they are but a feeble folk, yet make their houses in the rocks.' Now this, I think, very obviously fixes the ashkoko to be the saphan; for his weakness seems to allude to his feet, and how inadequate these are to dig holes in the rock, where yet, however, he lodges. From their tenderness these are very liable to be excoriated or hurt; notwithstanding which, they build houses in the rocks more inaccessible than those of the rabbit, and in which they abide in greater safety, not by exertion of strength, for they have it not, but are truly, as Solomon says, a feeble folk,' but by their own sagacity and judgment; and are therefore justly described as wise. Lastly, what leaves the thing without doubt is, that some of the Arabs, particularly Damir, say that the saphan has no tail, that it is less than a cat, that it lives in houses or nests, which it builds of straw, in contradistinction to the rabbit and the rat, and those animals that burrow in the ground.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
kō?ni (שׁפן, shāphān (Lev_11:5; Deu_14:7; Psa_104:18; Pro_30:26)): The word ?coney? (formerly pronounced cooney) means ?rabbit? (from Latin cuniculus). Shāphān is rendered in all four passages in the Septuagint χοιρογρύλλιος, choirogrúllios, or ?hedge-hog,? but is now universally considered to refer to the Syrian hyrax, Procavia (or Hyrax) Syriaca, which in southern Palestine and Sinai is called in Arabic wabar, in northern Palestine and Syria ṭabsūn, and in southern Arabia shufun, which is etymologically closely akin to shāphāň. The word ?hyrax? (ὕραξ, húrax) itself means ?mouse? or ?shrew-mouse? (compare Latin sorex), so that it seems to have been hard to find a name peculiar to this animal. In Lev_11:5 the Revised Version, margin, we find ?rock badger,? which is a translation of klip das, the rather inappropriate name given by the Boers to the Cape hyrax. The Syrian hyrax lives in Syria, Palestine and Arabia. A number of other species, including several that are arboreal, live in Africa. They are not found in other parts of the world. In size, teeth and habits the Syrian hyrax somewhat resembles the rabbit, though it is different in color, being reddish brown, and lacks the long hind legs of the rabbit. The similarity in dentition is confined to the large size of the front teeth and the presence of a large space between them and the back teeth. But whereas hares have a pair of front teeth on each jaw, the hyrax has one pair above and two below. These teeth differ also in structure from those of the hare and rabbit, not having the persistent pulp which enables the rabbit's front teeth to grow continually as they are worn away. They do not hide among herbage like hares, nor burrow like rabbits, but live in holes or clefts of the rock, frequently in the faces of steep cliffs. Neither the hyrax nor the hare is a ruminant, as seems to be implied in Lev_11:5 and Deu_14:7, but their manner of chewing their food may readily have led them to be thought to chew the cud. The hyrax has four toes in front and three behind (the same number as in the tapir and in some fossil members of the horse family), all furnished with nails that are almost like hoofs, except the inner hind toes, which have claws. The hyraxes constitute a family of ungulates and, in spite of their small size, have points of resemblance to elephants or rhinoceroses, but are not closely allied to these or to any other known animals.
The camel, the coney and the hare are in the list of unclean animals because they ?chew the cud but divide not the hoof,? but all three of these are eaten by the Arabs.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Coney
(שָׁפָן, shaphan'; Sept. χοιρογρύλλιος), an animal joined in Lev_11:5, and Deu_14:7, with the hare, and described as chewing the cud; in Psa_104:18, it is spoken of as an inhabitant of the mountains and rocks, and in Pro_30:26, it is represented as a feeble, but gregarious and cunning animal. These descriptions some think agree best with the different species of the jerboa, the Mus jaculus of Linnaeus. It is on the authority of Rabbinical writers that the word has by our translators been rendered coney, or rabbit, which cannot be sustained, as the rabbit is not an Asiatic animal, and does not seek a rocky habitation, which is the leading characteristic by which the shaphan is distinguished. The animal is, in truth, as Bruce justly indicated, the same as the Ashkoko of Abyssinia, or Daman of Syria, the Wabber of the Arabs, and in scientific zoology is one of the small genus Hyrax, distinguished by the specific name of Syrian (Syriacus). This animal has been described by travelers as a ruminant, but this is an error.
The number, shape, and structure of the teeth are totally different (as is true also of the hare); nor is the jawbone articulated so as to admit freely of a similar action; finally, the internal structure, as well as the whole osteology, represents that of a rhinoceros in miniature, and has no appearance of the complicated fourfold stomachs of ruminants; therefore the hyrax is neither a rodent like hares and rabbits, nor a ruminant, but is anomalous, and most nearly allied to the great pachyderms of systematic zoology. It may be that the peculiar structure of their anterior teeth is convenient for stripping off the seeds of grasses and tritica, and that these, in part retained in the mouth, cause a practice of working the jaws, which, to common observers, may appear to be chewing the cud. In hares and rats a similar appearance is produced by a particular friction of the incisors or nippers, which, growing with great rapidity, would soon extend beyond a serviceable length if they were not kept to their proper size by constant gnawing, and by working the cutting edges against each other. This action, observed in the motion of the lips of most rodents when in a state of rest, caused the belief of rumination in the hare, though, like the hyrax, all rodentia are equally unprovided with the several stomachs, and want the muscular apparatus necessary to force the food back into the mouth for remastication at pleasure, which constitute the leading peculiarities of the anatomical structure of the ruminantia. But they may possess, in common with pachydermata, like the horse and hog, the peculiar articulation and form of jaws which give them the power of grinding their food, and laminated teeth fitted for the purpose.
Externally the hyrax is somewhat of the size, form, and brownish color of a rabbit, and it has short, round cars, sufficiently like for inexact observers to mistake the one for the other. The hyrax is of clumsier structure than the rabbit, without tail, having long bristly hairs scattered through the general fur; the feet are naked below, and all the nails are flat and rounded, save those on each inner toe of the hind feet, which are long and awl-shaped; therefore the species cannot dig, and is by nature intended to reside, not, like rabbits, in burrows, but in the clefts of rocks. This character is correctly applied to the shaphan by David. The total length of the animal as it sits is about one foot. It presents at first sight the idea of a rat rather than any other creature. The color is gray, mixed with reddish-brown, and the belly white. They do not appear to have any cry, nor do they stand upright in walking, but seem to steal along as if in fear, advancing a few steps at a time, and then pausing. Their timid, gregarious habits, and the tenderness of their paws, make them truly the wise and feeble folk' of Solomon, for the genus lives in colonies in the crevices of stony places in Syria, Palestine, Arabia, Eastern Egypt, Abyssinia, and even at the Cape of Good Hope, where one or two additional species exist. In every locality they are quiet, gentle creatures, loving to bask in the sun, never stirring far from; their retreats, moving with caution, and shrinking from the shadow of a passing bird, for they are often the prey of eagles and hawks; their habits are strictly diurnal, and they feed on vegetables and seeds. The flesh of the shaphan was forbidden the Hebrews, and it appears that the Mohammedans and Christians of the East at the present day abstain from the flesh of the daman. (See further particulars in the Penny Cyclopedia, s.v. Hyrax; also Bochart, Hieroz. 2:421 sq.; Rosenmüller, Alterth. IV, 2:213 sq.; Shaw, Trav. p. 301; Sonnini. 1:98; Bruce, 7:241; Hasselquist, p. 277 sq. Wilson, Bible Lands, 2:28; Laborde, Voyages, p. 47; Robinson, Researches, new edit. 3, 387; Thomson, Land and Book, 1:460; Oedmann, Sarml. 4:48; Lucas, Allerneuste R. p. 300; Oken, NaturGesch. VII, 2:889; Ehrenberg, Symbol. phys. i, fig. 2; Ludolf, Lex. Anmhar. p. 58; Hist. Ethiop. lib. i, c. 10, § 75; Peyron, Lex. p. 314; Gesenius, Thes. Heb. p. 1467; Vloten. Spec. p. 46; Schubert, Reis. 3, 110; Gesen. ad Burckhardt, p. 1076; Forskal, Descript. anim. p. v; Fresnel, in the Asiatic Journal, June, 1838, p. 514; Isenberg, Lex. Amhar. p. 122; Kitto, Phys. History of Palest. p. 376; Laborde, Syria, p. 114.) SEE ZOOLOGY.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
E. W. G. Masterman.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
shaphan, from the root "to hide"; the S. Arab, thofun; the Syrian Arab, weber. A pachydermatous animal, gregarious, greybacked, white on the belly, with long hair, short tail, and round ears; common on the ridges of Lebanon; living in caves and clefts; the Hyrax Syriacus, not the rabbit or coney. Pro_30:26; "the coneys are but a feeble folk, yet make they their houses in the rocks:" exactly true of the hyrax; with weak teeth, short incisors, and nails instead, it seems defenseless, but its security is in rocky hiding places, such as Ain Feshkah on the Dead Sea shore.
"No animal" (says Tristram). "gave us so much trouble to secure." It is described as "chewing the cud" (Lev_11:5; Deu_14:7), in phenomenal language, because the motion of its jaws is like that of ruminating animals; so also the hare. Though in some respects like the rodentia, it is really akin to the rhinoceros; its molar teeth differ only in the size; its body is as large as the rabbit. The "exceeding wisdom" of the coneys is illustrated in their setting an old male sentry near their holes to warn his companions when danger approaches, by a whistling sound.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Coney. (Hebrew, shaphan). A gregarious animal of the class Pachydermata, which is found in Palestine, living in the caves and clefts of the rocks, and has been erroneously identified with the rabbit or coney. Its scientific name as Hyrax syriacus.
The hyrax satisfies exactly the expressions in Psa_104:18; Pro_30:26. Its color is gray or brown on the back, white on the belly; it is like the alpine marmot, scarcely of the size of the domestic cat, having long hair, a very short tail and round ears. It is found on Lebanon and in the Jordan and Dead Sea valleys.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
שפן , Lev_11:5; Deu_14:7; Psa_104:8; and Pro_30:26. Bochart and others have supposed the saphan of the Scriptures to be the jerboa; but Mr. Bruce proves that the ashkoko is intended. This curious animal is found in Ethiopia, and in great numbers on Mount Lebanon, &c. Instead of holes, they seem to delight in more airy places, in the mouths of caves, or clefts in the rock. They are gregarious, and frequently several dozens of them sit upon the great stones at the mouths of caves, and warm themselves in the sun, or come out and enjoy the freshness of the summer evening. They do not stand upright upon their feet, but seem to steal along as in fear, their belly being nearly close to the ground; advancing a few steps at a time, and then pausing. They have something very mild, feeble-like, and timid, in their deportment; are gentle and easily tamed, though, when roughly handled at the first, they bite very severely. Many are the reasons to believe this to be the animal called saphan in Hebrew, and erroneously by our translators, the coney, or rabbit. The latter are gregarious indeed, and so far resemble the other, as also in size; but they seek not the same place of retreat; for the rabbit burrows most generally in the sand. Nor is there any thing in the character of rabbits that denotes excellent wisdom, or that they supply the want of strength by any remarkable sagacity. The saphan, then, is not the rabbit; which last, unless it was brought to him by his ships from Europe, Solomon never saw.
Let us now apply the characters of the ashkoko to the saphan. He is above all other animals so much attached to the rocks, that I never once, says Mr. Bruce, saw him on the ground, or from among large stones in the mouth of caves, where is his constant residence. He lives in families or flocks. He is in Judea, Palestine, and Arabia, and consequently must have been familiar to Solomon. David describes him very pertinently, and joins him to other animals perfectly known: The hills are a refuge for the wild goats, and the rocks for the saphan:' and Solomon says that they are exceeding wise,' that they are but a feeble folk, yet make their houses in the rocks.' Now this, I think, very obviously fixes the ashkoko to be the saphan; for his weakness seems to allude to his feet, and how inadequate these are to dig holes in the rock, where yet, however, he lodges. From their tenderness these are very liable to be excoriated or hurt; notwithstanding which, they build houses in the rocks more inaccessible than those of the rabbit, and in which they abide in greater safety, not by exertion of strength, for they have it not, but are truly, as Solomon says, a feeble folk,' but by their own sagacity and judgment; and are therefore justly described as wise. Lastly, what leaves the thing without doubt is, that some of the Arabs, particularly Damir, say that the saphan has no tail, that it is less than a cat, that it lives in houses or nests, which it builds of straw, in contradistinction to the rabbit and the rat, and those animals that burrow in the ground.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
kō?ni (שׁפן, shāphān (Lev_11:5; Deu_14:7; Psa_104:18; Pro_30:26)): The word ?coney? (formerly pronounced cooney) means ?rabbit? (from Latin cuniculus). Shāphān is rendered in all four passages in the Septuagint χοιρογρύλλιος, choirogrúllios, or ?hedge-hog,? but is now universally considered to refer to the Syrian hyrax, Procavia (or Hyrax) Syriaca, which in southern Palestine and Sinai is called in Arabic wabar, in northern Palestine and Syria ṭabsūn, and in southern Arabia shufun, which is etymologically closely akin to shāphāň. The word ?hyrax? (ὕραξ, húrax) itself means ?mouse? or ?shrew-mouse? (compare Latin sorex), so that it seems to have been hard to find a name peculiar to this animal. In Lev_11:5 the Revised Version, margin, we find ?rock badger,? which is a translation of klip das, the rather inappropriate name given by the Boers to the Cape hyrax. The Syrian hyrax lives in Syria, Palestine and Arabia. A number of other species, including several that are arboreal, live in Africa. They are not found in other parts of the world. In size, teeth and habits the Syrian hyrax somewhat resembles the rabbit, though it is different in color, being reddish brown, and lacks the long hind legs of the rabbit. The similarity in dentition is confined to the large size of the front teeth and the presence of a large space between them and the back teeth. But whereas hares have a pair of front teeth on each jaw, the hyrax has one pair above and two below. These teeth differ also in structure from those of the hare and rabbit, not having the persistent pulp which enables the rabbit's front teeth to grow continually as they are worn away. They do not hide among herbage like hares, nor burrow like rabbits, but live in holes or clefts of the rock, frequently in the faces of steep cliffs. Neither the hyrax nor the hare is a ruminant, as seems to be implied in Lev_11:5 and Deu_14:7, but their manner of chewing their food may readily have led them to be thought to chew the cud. The hyrax has four toes in front and three behind (the same number as in the tapir and in some fossil members of the horse family), all furnished with nails that are almost like hoofs, except the inner hind toes, which have claws. The hyraxes constitute a family of ungulates and, in spite of their small size, have points of resemblance to elephants or rhinoceroses, but are not closely allied to these or to any other known animals.
The camel, the coney and the hare are in the list of unclean animals because they ?chew the cud but divide not the hoof,? but all three of these are eaten by the Arabs.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Coney
(שָׁפָן, shaphan'; Sept. χοιρογρύλλιος), an animal joined in Lev_11:5, and Deu_14:7, with the hare, and described as chewing the cud; in Psa_104:18, it is spoken of as an inhabitant of the mountains and rocks, and in Pro_30:26, it is represented as a feeble, but gregarious and cunning animal. These descriptions some think agree best with the different species of the jerboa, the Mus jaculus of Linnaeus. It is on the authority of Rabbinical writers that the word has by our translators been rendered coney, or rabbit, which cannot be sustained, as the rabbit is not an Asiatic animal, and does not seek a rocky habitation, which is the leading characteristic by which the shaphan is distinguished. The animal is, in truth, as Bruce justly indicated, the same as the Ashkoko of Abyssinia, or Daman of Syria, the Wabber of the Arabs, and in scientific zoology is one of the small genus Hyrax, distinguished by the specific name of Syrian (Syriacus). This animal has been described by travelers as a ruminant, but this is an error.
The number, shape, and structure of the teeth are totally different (as is true also of the hare); nor is the jawbone articulated so as to admit freely of a similar action; finally, the internal structure, as well as the whole osteology, represents that of a rhinoceros in miniature, and has no appearance of the complicated fourfold stomachs of ruminants; therefore the hyrax is neither a rodent like hares and rabbits, nor a ruminant, but is anomalous, and most nearly allied to the great pachyderms of systematic zoology. It may be that the peculiar structure of their anterior teeth is convenient for stripping off the seeds of grasses and tritica, and that these, in part retained in the mouth, cause a practice of working the jaws, which, to common observers, may appear to be chewing the cud. In hares and rats a similar appearance is produced by a particular friction of the incisors or nippers, which, growing with great rapidity, would soon extend beyond a serviceable length if they were not kept to their proper size by constant gnawing, and by working the cutting edges against each other. This action, observed in the motion of the lips of most rodents when in a state of rest, caused the belief of rumination in the hare, though, like the hyrax, all rodentia are equally unprovided with the several stomachs, and want the muscular apparatus necessary to force the food back into the mouth for remastication at pleasure, which constitute the leading peculiarities of the anatomical structure of the ruminantia. But they may possess, in common with pachydermata, like the horse and hog, the peculiar articulation and form of jaws which give them the power of grinding their food, and laminated teeth fitted for the purpose.
Externally the hyrax is somewhat of the size, form, and brownish color of a rabbit, and it has short, round cars, sufficiently like for inexact observers to mistake the one for the other. The hyrax is of clumsier structure than the rabbit, without tail, having long bristly hairs scattered through the general fur; the feet are naked below, and all the nails are flat and rounded, save those on each inner toe of the hind feet, which are long and awl-shaped; therefore the species cannot dig, and is by nature intended to reside, not, like rabbits, in burrows, but in the clefts of rocks. This character is correctly applied to the shaphan by David. The total length of the animal as it sits is about one foot. It presents at first sight the idea of a rat rather than any other creature. The color is gray, mixed with reddish-brown, and the belly white. They do not appear to have any cry, nor do they stand upright in walking, but seem to steal along as if in fear, advancing a few steps at a time, and then pausing. Their timid, gregarious habits, and the tenderness of their paws, make them truly the wise and feeble folk' of Solomon, for the genus lives in colonies in the crevices of stony places in Syria, Palestine, Arabia, Eastern Egypt, Abyssinia, and even at the Cape of Good Hope, where one or two additional species exist. In every locality they are quiet, gentle creatures, loving to bask in the sun, never stirring far from; their retreats, moving with caution, and shrinking from the shadow of a passing bird, for they are often the prey of eagles and hawks; their habits are strictly diurnal, and they feed on vegetables and seeds. The flesh of the shaphan was forbidden the Hebrews, and it appears that the Mohammedans and Christians of the East at the present day abstain from the flesh of the daman. (See further particulars in the Penny Cyclopedia, s.v. Hyrax; also Bochart, Hieroz. 2:421 sq.; Rosenmüller, Alterth. IV, 2:213 sq.; Shaw, Trav. p. 301; Sonnini. 1:98; Bruce, 7:241; Hasselquist, p. 277 sq. Wilson, Bible Lands, 2:28; Laborde, Voyages, p. 47; Robinson, Researches, new edit. 3, 387; Thomson, Land and Book, 1:460; Oedmann, Sarml. 4:48; Lucas, Allerneuste R. p. 300; Oken, NaturGesch. VII, 2:889; Ehrenberg, Symbol. phys. i, fig. 2; Ludolf, Lex. Anmhar. p. 58; Hist. Ethiop. lib. i, c. 10, § 75; Peyron, Lex. p. 314; Gesenius, Thes. Heb. p. 1467; Vloten. Spec. p. 46; Schubert, Reis. 3, 110; Gesen. ad Burckhardt, p. 1076; Forskal, Descript. anim. p. v; Fresnel, in the Asiatic Journal, June, 1838, p. 514; Isenberg, Lex. Amhar. p. 122; Kitto, Phys. History of Palest. p. 376; Laborde, Syria, p. 114.) SEE ZOOLOGY.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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