Cubit
VIEW:40 DATA:01-04-2020
CUBIT.See Weights and Measures.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
Cubit. See Weights and Measures.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
a measure used among the ancients. The Hebrews call it אמה , the mother of other measures: in Greek πηχυς. A cubit originally was the distance from the elbow to the extremity of the middle finger: this is the fourth part of a well proportioned man's stature. The common cubit is eighteen inches. The Hebrew cubit, according to Bishop Cumberland and M. Pelletier, is twenty-one inches; but others fix it at eighteen inches. The Talmudists observe, that the Hebrew cubit was larger by one quarter than the Roman. Lewis Capellus and others have asserted that there were two sorts of cubits among the Hebrews: one sacred, the other common; the sacred containing three feet, the common containing a foot and a half. Moses assigns to the Levites a thousand sacred cubits of land round about their cities, Num_35:4; and in the next verse he gives them two thousand common ones. The opinion, however, is very probable, that the cubit varied in different districts and cities, and at different times, &c.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
Measurements of length recorded in the Bible were sometimes only approximate. People of Bible times, like people today, commonly estimated lengths and distances by measuring with fingers, arms or paces. The cubit was the distance from the elbow to the finger tip. It was equal to about half a pace, or a quarter of the distance between the finger tips when the arms were outstretched sideways.
The cubit became the basic unit for estimating length, depth and height (Gen_7:20; Deu_3:11; 1Ch_11:23). Where exact measurements were required, such as in the construction of buildings, people used a standard cubit equal to approximately forty-four centimetres or eighteen inches (Exo_26:15-25; 1Ki_6:2-6). (See also MEASUREMENT.)
Bridgeway Bible Dictionary by Don Fleming
PRINTER 1990.
kū?bit (אמּה, 'ammāh; πῆχυς, pḗchus): The standard for measures of length among the Hebrews. They derived it from the Babylonians, but a similar measure was used in Egypt with which they must have been familiar. The length of the cubit is variously estimated, since there seems to have been a double standard in both countries, and because we have no undisputed example of the cubit remaining to the present time. The original cubit was the length of the forearm, from the elbow to the end of the middle finger, as is implied from the derivation of the word in Hebrew and in Latin (cubitum). It seems to be referred to also in Deu_3:11 : ?after the cubit of a man.? But this was too indefinite for a scientific standard, and the Babylonians early adopted a more accurate method of measurement which passed to the nations of the West. They had a double standard, the so-called royal cubit and the ordinary one. From the remains of buildings in Assyria and Babylonia, the former is made out to be about 20, 6 inches, and a cubit of similar length was used in Egypt and must have been known to the Hebrews. This was probably the cubit mentioned by Eze_40:5 and perhaps that of Solomon's temple, ?cubits after the first measure? (2Ch_3:3), i.e. the ancient cubit. The ordinary cubit of commerce was shorter, and has been variously estimated at between 16 and 18 or more inches, but the evidence of the Siloam inscription and of the tombs in Palestine seems to indicate 17, 6 inches as the average length. See WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. This was the cubit of six palms, while the longer one was of seven (Eze_40:5). The cubit mentioned in Jdg_3:16 is from a different word in Hebrew (גּמד, gōmedh) and was probably shorter, for Ehud girded it on his thigh under his clothing.
The New Testament references are Mat_6:27; Luk_12:25, ?Which of you ... can add a cubit unto the measure of his life??; Joh_21:18, ?about two hundred cubits off?; Rev_21:17, ?the wall thereof, a hundred and forty and four cubits.?
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Cubit is a word derived immediately from the Latin cubitus, the lower arm. The length of the cubit has varied in different nations, and at different times. Derived as the measure is from a part of the human body, and as the human stature has been of very dissimilar length, the cubit must of necessity have been various. That the cubit among the Hebrews was derived as a measure from the human body is clear from Deu_3:11?'after the cubit of a man.' But it is difficult to determine whether this cubit was understood as extending to the wrist or the end of the third finger. As, however, the latter seems most natural, since men, when ignorant of anatomy, and seeking in their own frames standards of measure, were likely to take both the entire foot and the entire fore-arm, the probability is that the longer was the original cubit, namely, the length from the elbow to the extremity of the longest finger.
The hand-breadth is found as a measure in 1Ki_7:26, comp. Jer_52:21. In the latter passage the finger-breadth is another measure. The span also occurs, Exo_28:16. So that, it appears, measures of length were, for the most part, borrowed by the Hebrews from members of the human body. Still no absolute and invariable standard presents itself. If the question, What is a hand or a finger-breadth? be asked, the answer can be only an approximation to fact. If, however, the palm or hand-breadth is taken at 3? inches, then the cubit will amount to 21 inches. In addition to the common cubit, the Egyptians had a longer one of 6 palms 4 inches. The Hebrews also have been thought to have had a longer cubit; for, in Eze_40:5, we read of a cubit which seems to be an ordinary 'cubit and an hand-breadth;' see also Eze_43:13, where it is expressly said 'the cubit is a cubit and an hand-breadth.' The prophet has been supposed to refer here to the then current Babylonian cubit?a measure which it is thought the Jews borrowed during the period of their captivity. In the New Testament our Lord characteristically employs the term cubit (Mat_6:27; Luk_12:25) for the enforcement of a moral and spiritual lesson. The term also occurs in Joh_21:8, and in Rev_21:17. In Lev_19:35 justice in measures, as well as in weights, is strictly enjoined.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Cubit
(in Heb. אִמָּה, ammah', lit. mother, i.e. of the arm, the fore-arm; Greek πῆχυς, an ell) is a word derived immediately from the Latin cubitus, the lower arm. The length of the cubit has varied in different nations and at different times. Derived as the measure is from a part of the human body, and as the human stature has been of very dissimilar length, the cubit must of necessity have been various. The lower arm, moreover, may take in the entire length from the elbow to the tip of the third or longest finger, or it may be considered as extending from the elbow merely to the root of the hand at the wrist, omitting the whole length of the hand itself. If the definition of Celsus (8. 1) is taken, and the cubit is identified with ,the ulna, the under and longer of the two bones of which the arm consists, still a fixed and invariable measure is not gained. That the cubit among the Hebrews was derived as a measure from the human body is clear from Deu_3:11 after the cubit of a man (אִמִּת אַישׁ, see Bottcher, Proben alttest. Schrift. p. 288). But it is difficult to determine whether this cubit was understood as extending to the first or the end of the third finger. As, however, the latter seems most natural, since men, when ignorant of anatomy, and seeking in their own frames standards of measure, were likely to take both the entire foot and the entire fore-arm, the probability is that the longer was the original cubit, namely, the length from the elbow to the extremity of the longest finger. The: Egyptian cubit, which it is likely the Hebrews would adopt, consisting of six hand- breadths, is found on the ruins of Memphis (Journal des Savans, 1822, Nov., Dec.; comp. Herod. 2:149). The Rabbins also (Mishna, Chelim, 17:9) assign six hand-breadths to the Mosaic cubit. By comparing Josephus (Ant. 3, 6,5) with Exo_25:10, it will, moreover, be found that the weight of his authority is in the same scale. According to him, a cubit is equal to two spans. Now a span is equal to three hand-breadths (Schmidt, Bibl. Mathemat. p. 117; Eisen-Schmidt, De Ponderibus, p. 110); a cubit, therefore, is equal to six hand-breadths, The hand-breadth is found as a measure in 1Ki_7:26; comp. Jer_3:21. In the latter passage the finger-breadth is another measure.
The span also occurs Exo_28:16. So that, it appears, measures of length were, for the most part, borrowed by the Hebrews from members of the human body. Still no absolute and invariable standard presents itself. If the question, What is a hand or finger-breadth? be asked, the answer can be only an approximation to fact. If, however, the palm or hand-breadth be taken at 3 inches, then the cubit will amount to 21 inches. In addition to the common cubit, the Egyptians had a longer one of six palms four inches. The Hebrews also have been thought to have had a longer cubit, for in Eze_40:5, we read of a cubit which seems to be an ordinary cubit and an handbreadth; see also Eze_43:13, where it is expressly said, the cubit is a cubit and an hand-breadth. The prophet has been supposed to refer here to the then current Babylonian cubit, a measure which it is thought the Jews borrowed during the period of their captivity. The Rabbins make a distinction between the common cubit of five hand-breadths and the sacred cubit of six hand-breadths-a distinction which is held to be insufficiently supported by De Wette (Archaologie, p. 178). Consult Lamy, De Tabernaculo, c. 8; Carpzov, Apparat. p. 676. Kitto, s.v. An ancient Egyptian cubit now in the Royal Museum of Paris measures 20.484 inches. The Hebrew cubit, according to Bishop Cumberland and M. Pelletier, is twenty-one inches; and the Talmudists observe that the Hebrew cubit (meaning probably the longer or sacred measure) was larger by one quarter than the Roman, which would make it contain 21.843 inches. Many writers fix it at eighteen inches, confounding it with the Greek and Roman measure of a foot and a half. The most approved computation assigns each kind of Jewish cubits the same length as the corresponding Egyptian namely, 20.24 inches for the ordinary one, and 21.888 for the sacred, which is confirmed by the mean length of several ancient cubits marked on the Egyptian monuments (Wilkinson's Anc. Egyptians, 2d series, 1:30), by a comparison of the dimensions of the Pyramids with those given in ancient authorities (Vyse's Pyramids of Gizeh, 3, 104, 105), and which we shall find to correspond remarkably with the Talmudical statement of the circuit of the Temple. In a later edition of his Ancient Egyptians, however (Popular Account, 2:258), Wilkinson makes the ordinary Egyptian cubit to have consisted of seven palms or twenty-eight digits, and gives nine exact computations of its length, varying from 20.4729 to 20.7484 inches, which yield an average of 20.6169 inches; and he states the cubit on the Nilometer at Elephantine, from actual measurement, to be 20.625 inches. This last is perhaps the most accurate dimension attainable for the standard cubit. (See Bockh, Metrol. Uitersuch. Berl. 1838, p. 12; Thenius, in the Stud. u. Krit. 1846, 1:770; 2:299; Lepsius, Die alt-dgyptische Elle, Berl. 1865.) SEE METROLOGY.
In Jdg_3:16, the term translated cubit is in the original גֹּמֶר, go'med (literally, a cut), a rod or staff, as the measure of a cubit. In the New Testament our Lord characteristically employs the term cubit (Mat_27:6; Luk_12:25) for the enforcement of a moral and spiritual lesson. The term also occurs in Joh_21:8, and in Rev_21:17; and in the Apocrypha (2Ma_13:5). SEE MEASURE.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
Cubit. See Weights and Measures.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
a measure used among the ancients. The Hebrews call it אמה , the mother of other measures: in Greek πηχυς. A cubit originally was the distance from the elbow to the extremity of the middle finger: this is the fourth part of a well proportioned man's stature. The common cubit is eighteen inches. The Hebrew cubit, according to Bishop Cumberland and M. Pelletier, is twenty-one inches; but others fix it at eighteen inches. The Talmudists observe, that the Hebrew cubit was larger by one quarter than the Roman. Lewis Capellus and others have asserted that there were two sorts of cubits among the Hebrews: one sacred, the other common; the sacred containing three feet, the common containing a foot and a half. Moses assigns to the Levites a thousand sacred cubits of land round about their cities, Num_35:4; and in the next verse he gives them two thousand common ones. The opinion, however, is very probable, that the cubit varied in different districts and cities, and at different times, &c.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
Measurements of length recorded in the Bible were sometimes only approximate. People of Bible times, like people today, commonly estimated lengths and distances by measuring with fingers, arms or paces. The cubit was the distance from the elbow to the finger tip. It was equal to about half a pace, or a quarter of the distance between the finger tips when the arms were outstretched sideways.
The cubit became the basic unit for estimating length, depth and height (Gen_7:20; Deu_3:11; 1Ch_11:23). Where exact measurements were required, such as in the construction of buildings, people used a standard cubit equal to approximately forty-four centimetres or eighteen inches (Exo_26:15-25; 1Ki_6:2-6). (See also MEASUREMENT.)
Bridgeway Bible Dictionary by Don Fleming
PRINTER 1990.
kū?bit (אמּה, 'ammāh; πῆχυς, pḗchus): The standard for measures of length among the Hebrews. They derived it from the Babylonians, but a similar measure was used in Egypt with which they must have been familiar. The length of the cubit is variously estimated, since there seems to have been a double standard in both countries, and because we have no undisputed example of the cubit remaining to the present time. The original cubit was the length of the forearm, from the elbow to the end of the middle finger, as is implied from the derivation of the word in Hebrew and in Latin (cubitum). It seems to be referred to also in Deu_3:11 : ?after the cubit of a man.? But this was too indefinite for a scientific standard, and the Babylonians early adopted a more accurate method of measurement which passed to the nations of the West. They had a double standard, the so-called royal cubit and the ordinary one. From the remains of buildings in Assyria and Babylonia, the former is made out to be about 20, 6 inches, and a cubit of similar length was used in Egypt and must have been known to the Hebrews. This was probably the cubit mentioned by Eze_40:5 and perhaps that of Solomon's temple, ?cubits after the first measure? (2Ch_3:3), i.e. the ancient cubit. The ordinary cubit of commerce was shorter, and has been variously estimated at between 16 and 18 or more inches, but the evidence of the Siloam inscription and of the tombs in Palestine seems to indicate 17, 6 inches as the average length. See WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. This was the cubit of six palms, while the longer one was of seven (Eze_40:5). The cubit mentioned in Jdg_3:16 is from a different word in Hebrew (גּמד, gōmedh) and was probably shorter, for Ehud girded it on his thigh under his clothing.
The New Testament references are Mat_6:27; Luk_12:25, ?Which of you ... can add a cubit unto the measure of his life??; Joh_21:18, ?about two hundred cubits off?; Rev_21:17, ?the wall thereof, a hundred and forty and four cubits.?
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Cubit is a word derived immediately from the Latin cubitus, the lower arm. The length of the cubit has varied in different nations, and at different times. Derived as the measure is from a part of the human body, and as the human stature has been of very dissimilar length, the cubit must of necessity have been various. That the cubit among the Hebrews was derived as a measure from the human body is clear from Deu_3:11?'after the cubit of a man.' But it is difficult to determine whether this cubit was understood as extending to the wrist or the end of the third finger. As, however, the latter seems most natural, since men, when ignorant of anatomy, and seeking in their own frames standards of measure, were likely to take both the entire foot and the entire fore-arm, the probability is that the longer was the original cubit, namely, the length from the elbow to the extremity of the longest finger.
The hand-breadth is found as a measure in 1Ki_7:26, comp. Jer_52:21. In the latter passage the finger-breadth is another measure. The span also occurs, Exo_28:16. So that, it appears, measures of length were, for the most part, borrowed by the Hebrews from members of the human body. Still no absolute and invariable standard presents itself. If the question, What is a hand or a finger-breadth? be asked, the answer can be only an approximation to fact. If, however, the palm or hand-breadth is taken at 3? inches, then the cubit will amount to 21 inches. In addition to the common cubit, the Egyptians had a longer one of 6 palms 4 inches. The Hebrews also have been thought to have had a longer cubit; for, in Eze_40:5, we read of a cubit which seems to be an ordinary 'cubit and an hand-breadth;' see also Eze_43:13, where it is expressly said 'the cubit is a cubit and an hand-breadth.' The prophet has been supposed to refer here to the then current Babylonian cubit?a measure which it is thought the Jews borrowed during the period of their captivity. In the New Testament our Lord characteristically employs the term cubit (Mat_6:27; Luk_12:25) for the enforcement of a moral and spiritual lesson. The term also occurs in Joh_21:8, and in Rev_21:17. In Lev_19:35 justice in measures, as well as in weights, is strictly enjoined.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Cubit
(in Heb. אִמָּה, ammah', lit. mother, i.e. of the arm, the fore-arm; Greek πῆχυς, an ell) is a word derived immediately from the Latin cubitus, the lower arm. The length of the cubit has varied in different nations and at different times. Derived as the measure is from a part of the human body, and as the human stature has been of very dissimilar length, the cubit must of necessity have been various. The lower arm, moreover, may take in the entire length from the elbow to the tip of the third or longest finger, or it may be considered as extending from the elbow merely to the root of the hand at the wrist, omitting the whole length of the hand itself. If the definition of Celsus (8. 1) is taken, and the cubit is identified with ,the ulna, the under and longer of the two bones of which the arm consists, still a fixed and invariable measure is not gained. That the cubit among the Hebrews was derived as a measure from the human body is clear from Deu_3:11 after the cubit of a man (אִמִּת אַישׁ, see Bottcher, Proben alttest. Schrift. p. 288). But it is difficult to determine whether this cubit was understood as extending to the first or the end of the third finger. As, however, the latter seems most natural, since men, when ignorant of anatomy, and seeking in their own frames standards of measure, were likely to take both the entire foot and the entire fore-arm, the probability is that the longer was the original cubit, namely, the length from the elbow to the extremity of the longest finger. The: Egyptian cubit, which it is likely the Hebrews would adopt, consisting of six hand- breadths, is found on the ruins of Memphis (Journal des Savans, 1822, Nov., Dec.; comp. Herod. 2:149). The Rabbins also (Mishna, Chelim, 17:9) assign six hand-breadths to the Mosaic cubit. By comparing Josephus (Ant. 3, 6,5) with Exo_25:10, it will, moreover, be found that the weight of his authority is in the same scale. According to him, a cubit is equal to two spans. Now a span is equal to three hand-breadths (Schmidt, Bibl. Mathemat. p. 117; Eisen-Schmidt, De Ponderibus, p. 110); a cubit, therefore, is equal to six hand-breadths, The hand-breadth is found as a measure in 1Ki_7:26; comp. Jer_3:21. In the latter passage the finger-breadth is another measure.
The span also occurs Exo_28:16. So that, it appears, measures of length were, for the most part, borrowed by the Hebrews from members of the human body. Still no absolute and invariable standard presents itself. If the question, What is a hand or finger-breadth? be asked, the answer can be only an approximation to fact. If, however, the palm or hand-breadth be taken at 3 inches, then the cubit will amount to 21 inches. In addition to the common cubit, the Egyptians had a longer one of six palms four inches. The Hebrews also have been thought to have had a longer cubit, for in Eze_40:5, we read of a cubit which seems to be an ordinary cubit and an handbreadth; see also Eze_43:13, where it is expressly said, the cubit is a cubit and an hand-breadth. The prophet has been supposed to refer here to the then current Babylonian cubit, a measure which it is thought the Jews borrowed during the period of their captivity. The Rabbins make a distinction between the common cubit of five hand-breadths and the sacred cubit of six hand-breadths-a distinction which is held to be insufficiently supported by De Wette (Archaologie, p. 178). Consult Lamy, De Tabernaculo, c. 8; Carpzov, Apparat. p. 676. Kitto, s.v. An ancient Egyptian cubit now in the Royal Museum of Paris measures 20.484 inches. The Hebrew cubit, according to Bishop Cumberland and M. Pelletier, is twenty-one inches; and the Talmudists observe that the Hebrew cubit (meaning probably the longer or sacred measure) was larger by one quarter than the Roman, which would make it contain 21.843 inches. Many writers fix it at eighteen inches, confounding it with the Greek and Roman measure of a foot and a half. The most approved computation assigns each kind of Jewish cubits the same length as the corresponding Egyptian namely, 20.24 inches for the ordinary one, and 21.888 for the sacred, which is confirmed by the mean length of several ancient cubits marked on the Egyptian monuments (Wilkinson's Anc. Egyptians, 2d series, 1:30), by a comparison of the dimensions of the Pyramids with those given in ancient authorities (Vyse's Pyramids of Gizeh, 3, 104, 105), and which we shall find to correspond remarkably with the Talmudical statement of the circuit of the Temple. In a later edition of his Ancient Egyptians, however (Popular Account, 2:258), Wilkinson makes the ordinary Egyptian cubit to have consisted of seven palms or twenty-eight digits, and gives nine exact computations of its length, varying from 20.4729 to 20.7484 inches, which yield an average of 20.6169 inches; and he states the cubit on the Nilometer at Elephantine, from actual measurement, to be 20.625 inches. This last is perhaps the most accurate dimension attainable for the standard cubit. (See Bockh, Metrol. Uitersuch. Berl. 1838, p. 12; Thenius, in the Stud. u. Krit. 1846, 1:770; 2:299; Lepsius, Die alt-dgyptische Elle, Berl. 1865.) SEE METROLOGY.
In Jdg_3:16, the term translated cubit is in the original גֹּמֶר, go'med (literally, a cut), a rod or staff, as the measure of a cubit. In the New Testament our Lord characteristically employs the term cubit (Mat_27:6; Luk_12:25) for the enforcement of a moral and spiritual lesson. The term also occurs in Joh_21:8, and in Rev_21:17; and in the Apocrypha (2Ma_13:5). SEE MEASURE.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
BUSCADAVERDADE
Visite o nosso canal youtube.com/buscadaverdade e se INSCREVA agora mesmo! Lá temos uma diversidade de temas interessantes sobre: Saúde, Receitas Saudáveis, Benefícios dos Alimentos, Benefícios das Vitaminas e Sais Minerais... Dê uma olhadinha, você vai gostar! E não se esqueça, dê o seu like e se INSCREVA! Clique abaixo e vá direto ao canal!
Saiba Mais
-
Nutrição
Vegetarianismo e a Vitamina B12 -
Receita
Como preparar a Proteína Vegetal Texturizada -
Arqueologia
Livro de Enoque é um livro profético?
Tags