Deputy

VIEW:45 DATA:01-04-2020

DEPUTY.—1. AV [Note: Authorized Version.] of Est_8:9; Est_9:3 (RV [Note: Revised Version.] ‘governor’) as tr. [Note: translate or translation.] of pechâh. See Governor. 2. AV [Note: Authorized Version.] of Act_13:7-8; Act_13:12; Act_18:12; Act_19:38 (RV [Note: Revised Version.] ‘proconsul’) as tr. [Note: translate or translation.] of Gr. anthupatos. See Proconsul. 3. RV [Note: Revised Version.] of Jer_51:23; Jer_51:28 (AV [Note: Authorized Version.] ‘ruler’), Dan_3:2-3; Dan_6:7 (AV [Note: Authorized Version.] ‘governor’) as tr. [Note: translate or translation.] of sâgân or its Aram. [Note: Aramaic.] equivalent. The term denotes in these passages a superior official or prefect of the Babylonian Empire. It is applied elsewhere (Ezr_9:2, Neh_2:16; Neh_4:14; Neh_4:19 etc.) to petty officials in Judah (EV [Note: English Version.] ‘rulers,’ RVm [Note: Revised Version margin.] ‘deputies’). 4. AV [Note: Authorized Version.] and RV [Note: Revised Version.] of 1Ki_22:47 as tr. [Note: translate or translation.] of nizzâb (lit. ‘one set up or appointed’), used of the vassal-king of Edom.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909

("proconsul" or "propraetor"); Greek anthupatos. The supreme governor of the provinces left by the emperors, still under the Roman senate (Act_13:7; Act_19:38, plural for singular). The emperor gave the peaceable provinces to the senate. Over these the senate appointed those who had been praetors; governing only one year; having no power of life and death, not wearing sword or military costume (Dion. Cass., 53:13-14).
Achaia had been imperial, governed by a procurator, but was restored to the senate by Claudius (Tacitus, Annals 1:76; Suet., Claud., 25). So Gallio is rightly named "proconsul" or "deputy" (Act_18:12). Cyprus after the battle of Actium was an imperial province (Dion. Cuss., 53:12), but five years later was given to the senate and had a deputy; so, Act_13:7-8; Act_13:12 is accurate. A coin of Ephesus, in the senate's province of Asia, illustrates the use of "deputies" in Act_19:38.
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.

Deputy. Act_13:7-8; Act_13:12; Act_19:38. The Greek word signifies proconsul, the title of the Roman governors who were appointed by the senate.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863

dep?ū̇-ti: This is the correct rendering of נצב, nicābh (1Ki_22:47). In Est_8:9 and Est_9:3 the term improperly represents סגן, ṣāghān, in the King James Version, and is corrected to ?governor? in the Revised Version (British and American). In the New Testament ?deputy? represents ἀνθύπατος, anthúpatos (Act_13:7, Act_13:8, Act_13:12; Act_18:12; Act_19:38), which the Revised Version (British and American) correctly renders ?proconsul? (which see). The Roman proconsuls were officers invested with consular power over a district outside the city, usually for one year. Originally they were retiring consuls, but after Augustus the title was given to governors of senatorial provinces, whether they had held the office of consul or not. The proconsul exercised judicial as well as military power in his province, and his authority was absolute, except as he might be held accountable at the expiration of his office. See GOVERNMENT.

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.

Deputy
stands in our version as a translation of two Heb. and one Greek term.
1. This rendering occurs in 1Ki_22:47, of the נַצָּב, nitstsab' (literally set over), or praefect, apparently constituted a sheik by common consent of the Edomitish clans prior to royalty. See DUKE. It is also spoken of the “officers” or chiefs of the commissariat appointed by Solomon (1Ki_4:5, etc.) SEE PURVEYOR.
2. The same rendering occurs in Est_8:9; Est_9:3, of the פֶּחָה, pechah' (pehhah, a Sanscrit term, whence the modern pasha), or Persian prosfect on this side the Euphrates; applied also to the “governors” of inferior rank in the Assyrian, Babylonian, and Median empires, and even to the governor of Jerusalem. SEE GOVERNOR.
3. Proconsul (ἀνθύπατος) was the proper title of the governor of a Roman province when appointed by the senate. SEE PROVINCE. Several such are mentioned in the Acts, viz. Sergius Paulus in Cyprus (8:7, 8, 12), Gallio in Achaia (18:12), and the chief officer of Achaia, whose court is indefinitely referred to in ch. 19:38, by the use of the plural (see Smith's Dict. of Class. Antiq. s.v. Proconsul). SEE PROCONSUL.

CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.

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