Emerald
VIEW:45 DATA:01-04-2020
EMERALD.See Jewels and Precious Stones.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
First in the second row on the high priest's breast-plate (Exo_28:18). Nophek, "the glowing stone," the carbuncle according to Kalisch (Exo_39:11). Tyre imported it from Syria (Eze_27:16). One of New Jerusalem's foundations (Rev_21:19). Image of the rainbow round the throne (Rev_4:3).
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Emerald. A precious stone of a rich green color, upon which its value chiefly depends. This gem was the first in the second row on the breastplate of the high priest. Exo_28:18; Exo_39:11. It was imported to Tyre from Syria, Eze_27:16, was used as a seal or signet, Sir_32:6, as an ornament of clothing and bedding, Eze_28:13; Jdg_10:21, and is spoken of as one of the foundations of Jerusalem. Rev_21:19 Tob_13:16. The rainbow around the throne is compared to emerald in Rev_4:3.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
נפכּ , Exo_28:19; Eze_27:16; Eze_28:13; σμαραγδος, Rev_21:19; Ecclesiastes 32:6; Tob_13:16; Jdt_10:21. This is generally supposed to be the same with the ancient smaragdus. It is one of the most beautiful of all the gems, and is of a bright green colour, without the admixture of any other. Pliny thus speaks of it: The sight of no colour is more pleasant than green; for we love to view green fields and green leaves; and are still more fond of looking at the emerald: because all other greens are dull in comparison with this. Beside, these stones seem larger at a distance, by tinging the circumambient air. Their lustre is not changed by the sun, by the shade, nor by the light of lamps; but they have always a sensible moderate brilliancy. From the passage in Ezekiel we learn that the Tyrians traded in these jewels in the marts of Syria. They probably had them from India, or the south of Persia. The true oriental emerald is very scarce, and is only found at present in the kingdom of Cambay.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
em?ẽr-ald. See STONES, PRECIOUS.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Emerald, Nophech, a precious stone, named in Exo_28:18; Exo_39:11; Eze_27:16; Eze_28:13; in all of which places it is rendered Emerald in the Authorized Version. The Septuagint and Josephus render it by Carbuncle. This name, denoting a live coal, the ancients gave to several glowing red stones resembling live coals, particularly rubies and garnets. The most valued of the carbuncles seems, however, to have been the Oriental garnet, a transparent red stone, with a violet shade, and strong vitreous luster. It was engraved upon and was probably not so hard as the ruby, which, indeed, is the most beautiful and costly of the precious stones of a red color, but is so hard that it cannot easily be subjected to the graving-tool. The Hebrew nophech, in the breastplate of the high-priest, was certainly an engraved stone; and there is no evidence that the ancients could engrave the ruby, although this has in modern times been accomplished. Upon the whole, the particular kind of stone denoted by the Hebrew word must be regarded as uncertain.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Exo_39:11 (c) This green stone represents praise, worship and adoration which begins now and lasts throughout eternity. Judah which means "praise" had his name graven on the emerald stone on the breastplate of the high priest.
Rev_4:3 (c) This complete rainbow was given this color to typify the eternal character of GOD's grace and the everlasting nature of GOD's covenant of mercy. It was "green" to signify eternal praise.
Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types
press 1957.
Emerald
(נפֶךְ, nophek, of uncertain signif.; Sept. ἄνθραξ, N.T. and Apocr. σμάραγδος), a precious stone, named first in the second row on the breast-plate of the high-priest (Exo_28:18; Exo_39:11), imported to Tyre from Syria (Eze_27:16), used as a seal or signet (Sir_32:6), as an ornament of clothing and bedding (Eze_28:13; Judges 10:21), and spoken of as one of the foundations of Jerusalem (Rev_21:19; Tob_13:16). The rainbow round the throne is compared to emerald in Rev_4:9 (ὅμοιος ὁράσει σμαραγδίνῳ). The Sept., Josephus, and Jerus. Targum understand by it the carbuncle. This name (in Greek denoting a live coal) the ancients gave to several glowing red stones resembling live coals (Pliny, Hist. Nat. 32:20; comp. Theophrast. De Lapid. 18), particularly rubies and garnets. SEE CARBUNCLE. The most valued of the carbuncles seems, however, to have been the Oriental garnet, a transparent red stone, with a violet shade, and strong vitreous luster. It was engraved upon (Theophrast. 31), and was probably not so hard as the ruby, which, indeed, is the most beautiful and costly of the precious stones of a red color, but is so hard that it cannot easily be subjected to the graving-tool. The Hebrew nophek, in the breast-plate of the high-priest, was certainly an engraved stone; and there is no evidence that the ancients could engrave the ruby, although this has in modern times been accomplished (Rosenmuller, Biblical Mineralogy, pages 32, 33; Braunius, De Vest. Sacerdot. page 523; Bellermann, Ueber die Urim u. Thummim, page 43). SEE BERYL.
The smaragdus of the New Testament was the generic name of twelve varieties of gems, some of which were probably true emeralds, while others seem to have been rather stones of the prasius or jasper kind, and still others no more than colored crystals and spars from copper mines. The statues, etc., of emerald mentioned by several ancient authors appear to have been nothing more than rock crystals, or even colored glass (Hill on Theophrast. de Lapid. 44; Moore's Anc. Mineral. page 150). SEE GEM.
The modern emerald is a species of beryl, of a beautiful green color, which occurs in primitive crystals, and is much valued for ornamental jewelry. The finest are obtained from Peru. The mines from which the ancients obtained emeralds are said to have existed in Egypt, near Mount Zabarah. (See the Penny Cyclopadia, s.v. Beryl.)
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
First in the second row on the high priest's breast-plate (Exo_28:18). Nophek, "the glowing stone," the carbuncle according to Kalisch (Exo_39:11). Tyre imported it from Syria (Eze_27:16). One of New Jerusalem's foundations (Rev_21:19). Image of the rainbow round the throne (Rev_4:3).
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Emerald. A precious stone of a rich green color, upon which its value chiefly depends. This gem was the first in the second row on the breastplate of the high priest. Exo_28:18; Exo_39:11. It was imported to Tyre from Syria, Eze_27:16, was used as a seal or signet, Sir_32:6, as an ornament of clothing and bedding, Eze_28:13; Jdg_10:21, and is spoken of as one of the foundations of Jerusalem. Rev_21:19 Tob_13:16. The rainbow around the throne is compared to emerald in Rev_4:3.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
נפכּ , Exo_28:19; Eze_27:16; Eze_28:13; σμαραγδος, Rev_21:19; Ecclesiastes 32:6; Tob_13:16; Jdt_10:21. This is generally supposed to be the same with the ancient smaragdus. It is one of the most beautiful of all the gems, and is of a bright green colour, without the admixture of any other. Pliny thus speaks of it: The sight of no colour is more pleasant than green; for we love to view green fields and green leaves; and are still more fond of looking at the emerald: because all other greens are dull in comparison with this. Beside, these stones seem larger at a distance, by tinging the circumambient air. Their lustre is not changed by the sun, by the shade, nor by the light of lamps; but they have always a sensible moderate brilliancy. From the passage in Ezekiel we learn that the Tyrians traded in these jewels in the marts of Syria. They probably had them from India, or the south of Persia. The true oriental emerald is very scarce, and is only found at present in the kingdom of Cambay.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
em?ẽr-ald. See STONES, PRECIOUS.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Emerald, Nophech, a precious stone, named in Exo_28:18; Exo_39:11; Eze_27:16; Eze_28:13; in all of which places it is rendered Emerald in the Authorized Version. The Septuagint and Josephus render it by Carbuncle. This name, denoting a live coal, the ancients gave to several glowing red stones resembling live coals, particularly rubies and garnets. The most valued of the carbuncles seems, however, to have been the Oriental garnet, a transparent red stone, with a violet shade, and strong vitreous luster. It was engraved upon and was probably not so hard as the ruby, which, indeed, is the most beautiful and costly of the precious stones of a red color, but is so hard that it cannot easily be subjected to the graving-tool. The Hebrew nophech, in the breastplate of the high-priest, was certainly an engraved stone; and there is no evidence that the ancients could engrave the ruby, although this has in modern times been accomplished. Upon the whole, the particular kind of stone denoted by the Hebrew word must be regarded as uncertain.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
Exo_39:11 (c) This green stone represents praise, worship and adoration which begins now and lasts throughout eternity. Judah which means "praise" had his name graven on the emerald stone on the breastplate of the high priest.
Rev_4:3 (c) This complete rainbow was given this color to typify the eternal character of GOD's grace and the everlasting nature of GOD's covenant of mercy. It was "green" to signify eternal praise.
Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types
press 1957.
Emerald
(נפֶךְ, nophek, of uncertain signif.; Sept. ἄνθραξ, N.T. and Apocr. σμάραγδος), a precious stone, named first in the second row on the breast-plate of the high-priest (Exo_28:18; Exo_39:11), imported to Tyre from Syria (Eze_27:16), used as a seal or signet (Sir_32:6), as an ornament of clothing and bedding (Eze_28:13; Judges 10:21), and spoken of as one of the foundations of Jerusalem (Rev_21:19; Tob_13:16). The rainbow round the throne is compared to emerald in Rev_4:9 (ὅμοιος ὁράσει σμαραγδίνῳ). The Sept., Josephus, and Jerus. Targum understand by it the carbuncle. This name (in Greek denoting a live coal) the ancients gave to several glowing red stones resembling live coals (Pliny, Hist. Nat. 32:20; comp. Theophrast. De Lapid. 18), particularly rubies and garnets. SEE CARBUNCLE. The most valued of the carbuncles seems, however, to have been the Oriental garnet, a transparent red stone, with a violet shade, and strong vitreous luster. It was engraved upon (Theophrast. 31), and was probably not so hard as the ruby, which, indeed, is the most beautiful and costly of the precious stones of a red color, but is so hard that it cannot easily be subjected to the graving-tool. The Hebrew nophek, in the breast-plate of the high-priest, was certainly an engraved stone; and there is no evidence that the ancients could engrave the ruby, although this has in modern times been accomplished (Rosenmuller, Biblical Mineralogy, pages 32, 33; Braunius, De Vest. Sacerdot. page 523; Bellermann, Ueber die Urim u. Thummim, page 43). SEE BERYL.
The smaragdus of the New Testament was the generic name of twelve varieties of gems, some of which were probably true emeralds, while others seem to have been rather stones of the prasius or jasper kind, and still others no more than colored crystals and spars from copper mines. The statues, etc., of emerald mentioned by several ancient authors appear to have been nothing more than rock crystals, or even colored glass (Hill on Theophrast. de Lapid. 44; Moore's Anc. Mineral. page 150). SEE GEM.
The modern emerald is a species of beryl, of a beautiful green color, which occurs in primitive crystals, and is much valued for ornamental jewelry. The finest are obtained from Peru. The mines from which the ancients obtained emeralds are said to have existed in Egypt, near Mount Zabarah. (See the Penny Cyclopadia, s.v. Beryl.)
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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