En-Gedi
VIEW:45 DATA:01-04-2020
eye, or fountain, of the goat, or of happiness
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
EN-GEDI (spring of the kid).A place in the wilderness in the tribe of Judah (Jos_15:62), where David for a time was in hiding (1Sa_23:29; 1Sa_24:1). Here the Moabites and Ammonites came against Jehoshaphat (2Ch_20:2). The Shulammite compares her beloved to henna flowers in En-gedi (Son_1:14); and in Ezekiels idealistic vision of the healing of the Dead Sea waters, a picture is drawn of fishers here spreading their nets (Eze_47:10). An alternative name is Hazazon-tamar, found in Gen_14:7 and 2Ch_20:2. There is no doubt of the identification of En-gedi with Ain Jidy, a spring of warm water that breaks out 330 ft. above the level of the Dead Sea, about the middle of its W. side. It once was cultivated, but is now given over to a wild semi-tropical vegetation.
R. A. S. Macalister.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
En'-gedi or En-ge'di. (fount of the kid). A town in the wilderness of Judah, Jos_15:62, on the western shore of the Dead Sea. Eze_47:10. Its original name was Hazezon-tamar, on account of the palm groves which surrounded it. 2Ch_20:2. Its site is about the middle of the western shore of the lake, at the fountain of Ain Jidy, from which the place gets its name.
It was immediately after an assault upon the "Amorites that dwelt in Hazezon-tamar," that the five Mesopotamian kings were attacked, by the rulers of the plain of Sodom. Gen_14:7. Compare 2Ch_20:2. Saul was told that David was in the "wilderness of Engedi," and he took "three thousand men, and went to seek David and his men upon the rocks of the wild goats." 1Sa_24:1-4. The vineyards of Engedi were celebrated by Solomon. Son_1:14.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
en?ge-dı̄, en-gē?dı̄ (עין גּדי, ‛ēn gedhı̄, ?fountain of the kid?): Identical with the present Ain Jidi. According to 2Ch_20:2 it is the same as Hazazon-tamar, mentioned in Gen_14:7 as occupied by the Amorites and as having been attacked by Chedorlaomer after leaving Kadesh and El Paran on his way to the Vale of Siddim. The place is situated upon the West shore of the Dead Sea about midway between the North and the South ends, and was included in the territory of Judah (Jos_15:62). The spot is rendered attractive by the verdure clothing it by reason of immense fountains of warm water, 80 degrees F., which pour out from beneath the limestone cliffs. In the time of Solomon (Son_1:14) palms and vines were cultivated here. Josephus also mentions its beautiful palm groves. In the time of Eusebius it was still a place of importance, but since the Middle Ages it has been almost deserted, being occupied now only by a few Arabs. The oasis occupies a small area a few hundred feet above the Dead Sea marked by the 650 ft. sedimentary terrace heretofore described (see DEAD SEA). The limestone borders rise so abruptly to a height of 2,000 ft. immediately on the West, that the place can be approached only by a rock-cut path. Two streams, Wady Sugeir and Wady el-Areyeh, descend on either side through precipitous rocky gorges from the uninhabitable wilderness separating it from Bethlehem and Hebron. It was in the caves opening out from the sides of these gorges that David took refuge from Saul (1Sa_24:1). During the reign of Jehoshaphat (2Ch_20:2), the children of Ammon, Moab and Mt. Seir attempted to invade Judah by way of En-gedi, but were easily defeated as they came up from the gorges to occupy the advantageous field of battle chosen by Jehoshaphat.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
En-Ge?di (kids' fountain), a city of Judah, which gave its name to a part of the desert to which David withdrew for fear of Saul (Jos_15:62; 1Sa_24:1-4). Its more ancient Hebrew name was Hazezon-tamar; and by that name it is mentioned before the destruction of Sodom, as being inhabited by the Amorites, and near the cities of the plain (Gen_14:7). In 2Ch_20:1-2, hands of the Moabites and Ammonites are described as coming up against king Jehoshaphat, apparently round the south end of the Dead Sea, as far as En-gedi. And this, as we learn from Dr. Robinson, is the route taken by the Arabs in their marauding expeditions at the present day. It has been identified with the Ain-jidy of the Arabs, situated at a point of the western shore, nearly equidistant from both extremities of the lake. The site lies among the mountains which here confine the lake, a considerable way down the descent to its shore. Here is the beautiful fountain of Ain-jidy, bursting forth at once in a fine stream upon a sort of narrow terrace or shelf of the mountain, above 400 feet above the level of the lake. The whole of the descent below appears to have been once terraced for tillage and gardens; and near the foot are the ruins of a town, exhibiting nothing of particular interest, and built mostly of unhewn stones. This we may conclude to have been the town which took its name from the fountain.
The Wilderness of En-gedi is doubtless the immediately neighboring part of the wild region, west of the Dead Sea, which must be traversed to reach its shores. It was here that David and his men lived among the 'rocks of the wild goats,' and where the former cut off the skirts of Saul's robe in a cave (1Sa_21:1-4). 'On all sides,' says Dr. Robinson, 'the country is full of caverns, which might then serve as lurking-places for David and his men, as they do for outlaws at the present day.'
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
En-gedi
[many En'-gedi, some En-ged'i] (Hebrews Eyn Gedi,', עֵין גְּדַי, fountain of the kid; Sept. in Joshua Ηνγαδδί v.r. Α᾿γκαδής, in Sam. Ε᾿νγαδδί, in Chron. and Cant. Ε᾿νγαδδεί v.r. Ι᾿γγαδδί and έν Γαδδί, in Ezekiel Ε᾿νγαδδείν v.r. Ι᾿νγαδείν, Apocr. ENGADDI; Josephus Ε᾿γγαδδί; Ptolemy Ε᾿γγαδαί, 5:16, 8; Stephanus Byz. Ε᾿γγαδά, page 333; Eusebius ᾿Ηγγαδδί, Onomast. s.v.; Pliny, Engadd, Hist. Nat. 5:17), a town in the wilderness of Judah (Jos_15:62), on the western shore of the Dead Sea (Eze_47:10), which gave its name to a part of the desert whither David withdrew for fear of Saul (Jos_15:62; 1Sa_24:1-4). Its more ancient name was HAZEZON-TAMAR SEE HAZEZON-TAMAR (q.v.), and by that name it is mentioned before the destruction of Sodom, as being inhabited by the Amorites, and near the cities of the plain (Gen_14:7); a title ("the pruning of the palm") doubtless derived from the palm-groves that surrounded it (Sir_24:14). It was immediately after an assault upon the "Amorites, that dwelt in Hazezon- tamar," that the five Mesopotamian kings were attacked by the rulers of the plain of Sodom (Gen_14:7; comp. 2Ch_20:2). Saul was told that David was in the "wilderness of En-gedi;" and he took "3000 men, and went to seek David and his men upon the rocks of the wild goats" (1Sa_24:1-4). These animals still frequent the cliffs above and around the fountain; the Arabs call them Beden. At a later period En- gedi was the gathering-place of the Moabites and Ammonites who went up against Jerusalem, and fell in the valley of Berachah (2Ch_20:2). It is remarkable that this is the usual route taken in the present day by such predatory bands from Moab as make incursions into Southern Palestine. They pass round the southern end of the Dead Sea, then up the road along its western shore to the pass at Ain-Jidy (the ascent by the cliff Ziz," 2Ch_20:16), and thence toward Hebron, Tekoa, or Jerusalem, as the prospects of plunder seem most inviting. The vineyards of Engedi were celebrated by Solomon (Son_1:14); its balsam by Josephus (Ant. 9:1, 2). Stephanus of Byzantium places it near Sodom; Jerome at the south end of the Dead Sea (Comm. in Eze_47:1-23); but Josephus more correctly upon the Lake Asphaltites, at the distance of 300 stadia from Jerusalem (Ant. 9:1, 2; comp. 16:13, 4; War, 3:3, 5). In the time of Eusebius and Jerome, En-gedi was still a large village on the shore of the Dead Sea, but it must have been abandoned very soon afterwards, for there is no subsequent reference to it in history, nor are there any traces of recent habitation (Porter's Handbook, page 242). There is a curious reference to it in Mandeville (Early Trav. page 179), who says that the district between Jericho and the Dead Sea is "the land of Dengadda" (Fr. d'Engadda), and that the balm-trees were "still called vines of Gady." En- gedi has always, until recently, been sought at the north end of the Dead Sea (Reland, Palaest. page 449); but in 1805 Seetzen recognised the ancient name in the Ain-Jidy of the Arabs, and lays it down in his map at a point of the western shore nearly equidistant from both extremities of the lake. This spot was visited by Dr. Robinson, and he confirms the identification (Researches, 2:209-216). The site lies among the mountains, a considerable way down the descent to the shore. Here is a rich plain, half a mile square, sloping very gently from the base of the mountains to the water, and shut in on the north by a lofty promontory. About a mile up the western acclivity, and at an elevation of some 400 feet above the plain, is the fountain of Ain-Jidy, bursting forth at once in a fine stream upon a sort of narrow terrace or shelf of the mountain, having an abrupt margin towards the lake. The water is sweet, but warm, and strongly impregnated with lime. The stream rushes down the steep descent of the mountain below, and its course is hidden by a luxuriant thicket of trees and shrubs belonging to a more southern clime. Near this fountain are the remains of several buildings, apparently ancient, although the main site of the town seems to have been farther below. The whole of the descent below seems to have been once terraced for tillage and gardens, and near the foot are the ruins of a town, exhibiting nothing of particular interest, and built mostly of unhewn stones. This we may conclude was the town which took its name from the fountain. On reaching the plain, the brook crosses it in nearly a straight line to the sea. During a great part of the year it is absorbed in the thirsty soil. Its banks are now cultivated by a few families of Arabs, who generally pitch their tents near this spot. The soil is exceedingly fertile, and in such a climate it might be made to produce the rarest fruits of tropical climes; but vineyards no longer clothe the mountainside, and neither palm-tree nor balsam is seen on the plain.
THE WILDERNESS OF EN-GEDI is doubtless the immediately neighboring part of the wild region west of the Dead Sea, which must be traversed to reach its shores. It was here that David and his men lived among the "rocks of the wild goats," and where the former cut off the skirts of Saul's robe in a cave (1Sa_21:1-4). "On all sides," says Dr. Robinson, "the country is full of caverns, which might then serve as lurking-places for David and his men as they do for outlaws at the present day." He adds that, as he came in sight of the ravine of the Ghor; a mountain-goat started up and bounded along the face of the rocks on the opposite side (Researches, 2:203). M. de Saulcy imagines that he has identified the particular cave in question with one in that vicinity now called Bir el-Makukieh (Narrative, 1:162).
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
EN-GEDI (spring of the kid).A place in the wilderness in the tribe of Judah (Jos_15:62), where David for a time was in hiding (1Sa_23:29; 1Sa_24:1). Here the Moabites and Ammonites came against Jehoshaphat (2Ch_20:2). The Shulammite compares her beloved to henna flowers in En-gedi (Son_1:14); and in Ezekiels idealistic vision of the healing of the Dead Sea waters, a picture is drawn of fishers here spreading their nets (Eze_47:10). An alternative name is Hazazon-tamar, found in Gen_14:7 and 2Ch_20:2. There is no doubt of the identification of En-gedi with Ain Jidy, a spring of warm water that breaks out 330 ft. above the level of the Dead Sea, about the middle of its W. side. It once was cultivated, but is now given over to a wild semi-tropical vegetation.
R. A. S. Macalister.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
En'-gedi or En-ge'di. (fount of the kid). A town in the wilderness of Judah, Jos_15:62, on the western shore of the Dead Sea. Eze_47:10. Its original name was Hazezon-tamar, on account of the palm groves which surrounded it. 2Ch_20:2. Its site is about the middle of the western shore of the lake, at the fountain of Ain Jidy, from which the place gets its name.
It was immediately after an assault upon the "Amorites that dwelt in Hazezon-tamar," that the five Mesopotamian kings were attacked, by the rulers of the plain of Sodom. Gen_14:7. Compare 2Ch_20:2. Saul was told that David was in the "wilderness of Engedi," and he took "three thousand men, and went to seek David and his men upon the rocks of the wild goats." 1Sa_24:1-4. The vineyards of Engedi were celebrated by Solomon. Son_1:14.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
en?ge-dı̄, en-gē?dı̄ (עין גּדי, ‛ēn gedhı̄, ?fountain of the kid?): Identical with the present Ain Jidi. According to 2Ch_20:2 it is the same as Hazazon-tamar, mentioned in Gen_14:7 as occupied by the Amorites and as having been attacked by Chedorlaomer after leaving Kadesh and El Paran on his way to the Vale of Siddim. The place is situated upon the West shore of the Dead Sea about midway between the North and the South ends, and was included in the territory of Judah (Jos_15:62). The spot is rendered attractive by the verdure clothing it by reason of immense fountains of warm water, 80 degrees F., which pour out from beneath the limestone cliffs. In the time of Solomon (Son_1:14) palms and vines were cultivated here. Josephus also mentions its beautiful palm groves. In the time of Eusebius it was still a place of importance, but since the Middle Ages it has been almost deserted, being occupied now only by a few Arabs. The oasis occupies a small area a few hundred feet above the Dead Sea marked by the 650 ft. sedimentary terrace heretofore described (see DEAD SEA). The limestone borders rise so abruptly to a height of 2,000 ft. immediately on the West, that the place can be approached only by a rock-cut path. Two streams, Wady Sugeir and Wady el-Areyeh, descend on either side through precipitous rocky gorges from the uninhabitable wilderness separating it from Bethlehem and Hebron. It was in the caves opening out from the sides of these gorges that David took refuge from Saul (1Sa_24:1). During the reign of Jehoshaphat (2Ch_20:2), the children of Ammon, Moab and Mt. Seir attempted to invade Judah by way of En-gedi, but were easily defeated as they came up from the gorges to occupy the advantageous field of battle chosen by Jehoshaphat.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
En-Ge?di (kids' fountain), a city of Judah, which gave its name to a part of the desert to which David withdrew for fear of Saul (Jos_15:62; 1Sa_24:1-4). Its more ancient Hebrew name was Hazezon-tamar; and by that name it is mentioned before the destruction of Sodom, as being inhabited by the Amorites, and near the cities of the plain (Gen_14:7). In 2Ch_20:1-2, hands of the Moabites and Ammonites are described as coming up against king Jehoshaphat, apparently round the south end of the Dead Sea, as far as En-gedi. And this, as we learn from Dr. Robinson, is the route taken by the Arabs in their marauding expeditions at the present day. It has been identified with the Ain-jidy of the Arabs, situated at a point of the western shore, nearly equidistant from both extremities of the lake. The site lies among the mountains which here confine the lake, a considerable way down the descent to its shore. Here is the beautiful fountain of Ain-jidy, bursting forth at once in a fine stream upon a sort of narrow terrace or shelf of the mountain, above 400 feet above the level of the lake. The whole of the descent below appears to have been once terraced for tillage and gardens; and near the foot are the ruins of a town, exhibiting nothing of particular interest, and built mostly of unhewn stones. This we may conclude to have been the town which took its name from the fountain.
The Wilderness of En-gedi is doubtless the immediately neighboring part of the wild region, west of the Dead Sea, which must be traversed to reach its shores. It was here that David and his men lived among the 'rocks of the wild goats,' and where the former cut off the skirts of Saul's robe in a cave (1Sa_21:1-4). 'On all sides,' says Dr. Robinson, 'the country is full of caverns, which might then serve as lurking-places for David and his men, as they do for outlaws at the present day.'
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
En-gedi
[many En'-gedi, some En-ged'i] (Hebrews Eyn Gedi,', עֵין גְּדַי, fountain of the kid; Sept. in Joshua Ηνγαδδί v.r. Α᾿γκαδής, in Sam. Ε᾿νγαδδί, in Chron. and Cant. Ε᾿νγαδδεί v.r. Ι᾿γγαδδί and έν Γαδδί, in Ezekiel Ε᾿νγαδδείν v.r. Ι᾿νγαδείν, Apocr. ENGADDI; Josephus Ε᾿γγαδδί; Ptolemy Ε᾿γγαδαί, 5:16, 8; Stephanus Byz. Ε᾿γγαδά, page 333; Eusebius ᾿Ηγγαδδί, Onomast. s.v.; Pliny, Engadd, Hist. Nat. 5:17), a town in the wilderness of Judah (Jos_15:62), on the western shore of the Dead Sea (Eze_47:10), which gave its name to a part of the desert whither David withdrew for fear of Saul (Jos_15:62; 1Sa_24:1-4). Its more ancient name was HAZEZON-TAMAR SEE HAZEZON-TAMAR (q.v.), and by that name it is mentioned before the destruction of Sodom, as being inhabited by the Amorites, and near the cities of the plain (Gen_14:7); a title ("the pruning of the palm") doubtless derived from the palm-groves that surrounded it (Sir_24:14). It was immediately after an assault upon the "Amorites, that dwelt in Hazezon- tamar," that the five Mesopotamian kings were attacked by the rulers of the plain of Sodom (Gen_14:7; comp. 2Ch_20:2). Saul was told that David was in the "wilderness of En-gedi;" and he took "3000 men, and went to seek David and his men upon the rocks of the wild goats" (1Sa_24:1-4). These animals still frequent the cliffs above and around the fountain; the Arabs call them Beden. At a later period En- gedi was the gathering-place of the Moabites and Ammonites who went up against Jerusalem, and fell in the valley of Berachah (2Ch_20:2). It is remarkable that this is the usual route taken in the present day by such predatory bands from Moab as make incursions into Southern Palestine. They pass round the southern end of the Dead Sea, then up the road along its western shore to the pass at Ain-Jidy (the ascent by the cliff Ziz," 2Ch_20:16), and thence toward Hebron, Tekoa, or Jerusalem, as the prospects of plunder seem most inviting. The vineyards of Engedi were celebrated by Solomon (Son_1:14); its balsam by Josephus (Ant. 9:1, 2). Stephanus of Byzantium places it near Sodom; Jerome at the south end of the Dead Sea (Comm. in Eze_47:1-23); but Josephus more correctly upon the Lake Asphaltites, at the distance of 300 stadia from Jerusalem (Ant. 9:1, 2; comp. 16:13, 4; War, 3:3, 5). In the time of Eusebius and Jerome, En-gedi was still a large village on the shore of the Dead Sea, but it must have been abandoned very soon afterwards, for there is no subsequent reference to it in history, nor are there any traces of recent habitation (Porter's Handbook, page 242). There is a curious reference to it in Mandeville (Early Trav. page 179), who says that the district between Jericho and the Dead Sea is "the land of Dengadda" (Fr. d'Engadda), and that the balm-trees were "still called vines of Gady." En- gedi has always, until recently, been sought at the north end of the Dead Sea (Reland, Palaest. page 449); but in 1805 Seetzen recognised the ancient name in the Ain-Jidy of the Arabs, and lays it down in his map at a point of the western shore nearly equidistant from both extremities of the lake. This spot was visited by Dr. Robinson, and he confirms the identification (Researches, 2:209-216). The site lies among the mountains, a considerable way down the descent to the shore. Here is a rich plain, half a mile square, sloping very gently from the base of the mountains to the water, and shut in on the north by a lofty promontory. About a mile up the western acclivity, and at an elevation of some 400 feet above the plain, is the fountain of Ain-Jidy, bursting forth at once in a fine stream upon a sort of narrow terrace or shelf of the mountain, having an abrupt margin towards the lake. The water is sweet, but warm, and strongly impregnated with lime. The stream rushes down the steep descent of the mountain below, and its course is hidden by a luxuriant thicket of trees and shrubs belonging to a more southern clime. Near this fountain are the remains of several buildings, apparently ancient, although the main site of the town seems to have been farther below. The whole of the descent below seems to have been once terraced for tillage and gardens, and near the foot are the ruins of a town, exhibiting nothing of particular interest, and built mostly of unhewn stones. This we may conclude was the town which took its name from the fountain. On reaching the plain, the brook crosses it in nearly a straight line to the sea. During a great part of the year it is absorbed in the thirsty soil. Its banks are now cultivated by a few families of Arabs, who generally pitch their tents near this spot. The soil is exceedingly fertile, and in such a climate it might be made to produce the rarest fruits of tropical climes; but vineyards no longer clothe the mountainside, and neither palm-tree nor balsam is seen on the plain.
THE WILDERNESS OF EN-GEDI is doubtless the immediately neighboring part of the wild region west of the Dead Sea, which must be traversed to reach its shores. It was here that David and his men lived among the "rocks of the wild goats," and where the former cut off the skirts of Saul's robe in a cave (1Sa_21:1-4). "On all sides," says Dr. Robinson, "the country is full of caverns, which might then serve as lurking-places for David and his men as they do for outlaws at the present day." He adds that, as he came in sight of the ravine of the Ghor; a mountain-goat started up and bounded along the face of the rocks on the opposite side (Researches, 2:203). M. de Saulcy imagines that he has identified the particular cave in question with one in that vicinity now called Bir el-Makukieh (Narrative, 1:162).
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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