Envy

VIEW:46 DATA:01-04-2020

ENVY.—Envy leads to strife, and division, and railing, and hatred, and sometimes to murder. The Bible classes it with these things (Rom_1:29; Rom_13:13, 1Co_3:3, 2Co_12:20, Gal_5:21, 1Ti_6:4, Tit_3:3, Jam_3:14; Jam_3:16). It is the antipode of Christian love. Envy loveth not, and love envieth not (1Co_13:4). Bacon closes his essay on ‘Envy’ with this sentence: ‘Envy is the vilest affection and the most depraved; for which cause it is the proper attribute of the Devil, who is called, The envious man, that soweth tares amongst the wheat by night; as it always cometh to pass, that Envy worketh subtilly and in the dark, and to the prejudice of good things, such as is the wheat.’ Chrysostom said: ‘As a moth gnaws a garment, so doth envy consume a man, to be a living anatomy, a skeleton, to be a lean and pale carcass, quickened with a fiend.’ These are Scriptural estimates. Envy is devilish, and absolutely inconsistent with the highest life. Examples abound in the Bible, such as are suggested by the relations between Cain and Abel, Jacob and Esau, Rachel and Leah, Joseph and his brothers, Saul and David, Haman and Mordecai, the elder brother and the prodigal son, the Roman evangelists of Php_1:15 and the Apostle Paul, and many others.
D. A. Hayes.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909

See JEALOUSY.
Bridgeway Bible Dictionary by Don Fleming
PRINTER 1990.

en?vi (קנאה, kīn'āh; ζῆλος, zḗlos, φθόνος, phthónos): ?Envy,? from Latin in, ?against,? and video, ?to look,? ?to look with ill-will,? etc., toward another, is an evil strongly condemned in both the Old Testament and the New Testament. It is to be distinguished from jealousy. ?We are jealous of our own; we are envious of another man's possessions. Jealousy fears to lose what it has; envy is pained at seeing another have? (Crabb's English Synonyms). In the Old Testament it is the translation of ḳin'āh from kānā', ?to redden,? ?to glow? (Job_5:2, the Revised Version (British and American) ?jealousy,? margin ?indignation?; in Isa_26:11 the Revised Version (British and American) renders ?see thy zeal for the people?; Pro_27:4, etc.); the verb occurs in Gen_26:14, etc.; Num_11:29 the King James Version; Psa_106:16; Pro_3:31, etc.; in the New Testament it is the translation of phthonos, ?envy? (Mat_27:18; Rom_1:29; Gal_5:21, ?envyings,? etc.); of zēlos, ?zeal,? ?jealousy,? ?envy? (Act_13:45), translated ?envying,? the Revised Version (British and American) ?jealousy? (Rom_13:13; 1Co_3:3; 2Co_12:20; Jam_3:14, Jam_3:16); the verb phthonéō occurs in Gal_5:26; zēlóō in Act_7:9; Act_17:5, the Revised Version (British and American) ?moved with jealousy?; 1Co_13:4, ?charity (the Revised Version (British and American) ?love?) envieth not.?
The power of envy is stated in Pro_27:4 : ?Who is able to stand before envy?? (the Revised Version (British and American) ?jealousy?); its evil effects are depicted in Job_5:2 (the Revised Version (British and American) ?jealousy?), in Pro_14:30 (the Revised Version, margin ?jealousy?); it led to the crucifixion of Christ (Mat_27:18; Mar_15:10); it is one of ?the works of the flesh? (Gal_5:21; compare Rom_1:29; 1Ti_6:4); Christian believers are earnestly warned against it (Rom_13:13 the King James Version; 1Co_3:3 the King James Version; Gal_5:26; 1Pe_2:1). In Jam_4:5 ?envy? is used in a good sense, akin to the jealousy ascribed to God. Where the King James Version has ?The spirit that dwelleth in us lusteth to envy,? the Revised Version (British and American) reads ?Doth the spirit which he made to dwell in us long unto envying??; the American Revised Version, margin ?The spirit which he made to dwell in us he yearneth for even unto jealous envy?; compare Jer_3:14; Hos_2:19 f; or the English Revised Version, margin ?That spirit which he made to dwell in us yearneth (for us) even unto jealous envy.? This last seems to give the sense; compare ?Ye adulteresses? (Hos_2:4), the American Revised Version, margin ?That is, who break your marriage vow to God.?

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.

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