First-Fruits
VIEW:60 DATA:01-04-2020
FIRST-FRUITS.See Sacrifice and Offering.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
First-fruits.
1. The law ordered, in general, that the first of all ripe fruits and of liquors, or, as it is twice expressed, the first of first-fruits, should be offered in God's house. Exo_22:29; Exo_23:19; Exo_34:27. It was an act of allegiance to God, as the giver of all. No exact quantity was commanded, but it was left to the spiritual and moral sense of each individual.
2. On the morrow , after the Passover Sabbath, that is, on the 16th of Nisan, a sheaf of new corn was to be brought to the priest and waved before the altar, in acknowledgment of the gift of fruitfulness. Lev_2:12; Lev_23:5-6; Lev_23:10; Lev_23:12.
3. At the expiration of seven weeks from this time, that is, at the Feast of Pentecost, an oblation was to be made from the new flour, which were to be waved in like manner with the Passover sheaf. Exo_34:22; Lev_23:15; Lev_23:17; Num_28:26.
4. The Feast of Ingathering, that is, the Feast of Tabernacles, in the seventh month, was itself an acknowledgment of the fruits of the harvest. Exo_23:16; Exo_34:22; Lev_23:39.
These [preceding] four sorts of offerings were national. Besides them, the two following offerings were of an individual kind.
5. A cake of the first dough that was baked was to be offered as a heave-offering. Num_15:19; Num_15:21.
6. The first-fruits of the land were to be brought, in a basket, to the Holy Place of God's choice, and there, presented to the priest, who was to set the basket down before the altar. Deu_26:2-11. The offerings were the perquisite of the priests. Num_18:11; Deu_18:4. Nehemiah, at the return from captivity, took pains to reorganize the offerings of first-fruits of both kinds, and to appoint places to receive them. Neh_10:35; Neh_10:37; Neh_12:44. An offering of first-fruits is mentioned as an acceptable one to the prophet Elisha. 2Ki_4:42.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
among the Hebrews, were presents made to God of part of the fruits of the harvest, to express the submission, dependence, and thankfulness of the offerers. They were offered at the temple, before the crop was touched; and when the harvest was over, before any private persons used their corn. The first of these first-fruits, offered in the name of the nation, was a sheaf of barley, gathered on the fifteenth of Nisan in the evening, and threshed in a court of the temple. After it was well cleaned, about three pints of it were roasted and pounded in a mortar. Over this was thrown a portion of oil, and a handful of incense. Then the priest took this offering, waved it before the Lord toward the four parts of the world, threw a handful of it into the fire upon the altar, and kept the rest. After this, every one was at liberty to get in his harvest. Beside these first- fruits, every private person was obliged to bring his first-fruits to the temple. The Scripture prescribes neither the time nor the quantity. The rabbins say, that they were obliged to bring at least the sixtieth part of their fruits and harvest. These first-fruits consisted of wheat, barley, grapes, figs, apricots, olives, and dates. They met in companies of four-and-twenty persons to carry their first-fruits in a ceremonious manner. The company was preceded by an ox appointed for the sacrifice, with a crown of olives on his head, and his horns gilded. There was also another sort of first-fruits paid to God, Num_15:19-20, when the bread in every family was kneaded, a portion of it was set apart, and given to the priest or Levite of the place. If there was no priest or Levite, it was cast into the oven, and consumed by the fire. This is one of the three precepts peculiar to the women; because they generally made the bread. The first-fruits and tenths were the most substantial revenue of the priests and Levites. St. Paul says, Christians have the first-fruits of the Spirit, Rom_8:23, that is, a greater abundance of God's Spirit, more perfect and more excellent gifts than the Jews. Christ is called the first-fruits of them that slept; for as the first-fruits were earnests to the Jews of the succeeding harvest, so Christ is the first-fruits or the earnest of the general resurrection.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
fûrst?froots (ראשׁית, rē'shı̄th, בּכּוּרים, bikkūrı̄m; ἀπαρχή, aparchḗ̌. Septuagint translates rē'shı̄th by aparchē, but for bikkūrı̄m it uses the word prōtogennē̇mata compare Philo 22 33): In acknowledgment of the fact that the land and all its products were the gift of Yahweh to Israel, and in thankfulness for His bounty, all the first-fruits were offered to Him. These were offered in their natural state (e.g. cereals, tree fruits, grapes), or after preparation (e.g. musk, oil, flour, dough), after which the Israelite was at liberty to use the rest (Exo_23:19; Num_15:20; Num_18:12; Deu_26:2; Neh_10:35, Neh_10:37). No absolute distinction can be made between rē'shı̄th and bikkūrı̄m, but rē'shı̄th seems generally to mean what is prepared by human labor, and bikkūrı̄m the direct product of Nature. The phrase ?the first of the first-fruits? (Exo_23:19; Exo_34:26; Eze_44:30), Hebrew rē'shı̄th bikkūrē, Greek aparchaı́ tō̇n prōtogennēmátōn, is not quite clear. It may mean the first-ripe or the choicest of the first-fruits. The rē'shı̄th offerings were individual, except that a rē'shı̄th of dough was to be offered as a heave offering (Num_15:17-21). The priest waved a rē'shı̄th of corn before the Lord on the morrow after the Sabbath in the week of unleavened bread (Lev_23:9-11). These offerings all fell to the priest (Num_18:12). Bikkūrı̄m refers specially to things sown (Exo_23:16; Lev_2:14). At the Feast of Weeks, seven weeks after the offering of the sheaf, bikkūrı̄m of corn in the ear, parched with fire and bruised, were brought to the House of the Lord as a meal offering (Exo_34:22-26; Lev_2:14-16). The bikkūrı̄m also fell to the priest, except a portion which was burned as a memorial (Lev_2:8-10, Lev_2:16). The beautiful ceremony of the offering of the rē'shı̄th in the House of God is described in Deu_26:1-11, and is enlarged upon in the Talmud (Bikkūrı̄m 3 2). According to the Talmud (Terūmōth 4 3) a sixtieth part of the first-fruits in a prepared form was the minimum that could be offered; the more generous brought a fortieth part, and even a thirtieth. The fruits of newly planted trees were not to be gathered during the first three years; the fruits of the fourth year were consecrated to Yahweh, and from the fifth year the fruits belonged to the owner of the trees (Lev_19:23-25). According to Mishna, ‛Orlāh i.10, even the shells of nuts and pomegranates could not be used during the first three years as coloring matter or for the lighting of fires. It is held by some scholars that the institution of the tithe (see TITHE) is a later development from the first-fruits.
Figurative: In the Old Testament, in Jer_2:3, Israel is called ?the rē'shı̄th of his increase.? In the New Testament aparchē is applied figuratively to the first convert or converts in a particular place (Rom_16:5; 1Co_16:15); to the Christians of that age (Jam_1:18; 2Th_2:13, WHm), and to the 144,000 in heaven (Rev_14:4); to Christ, as the first who rose from the dead (1Co_15:20, 1Co_15:23); also to the blessings which we receive now through the Spirit, the earnest of greater blessings to come (Rom_8:23).
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
There are various regulations in the law of Moses respecting first-fruits which would be of much interest to us, could we in every case discern the precise object in view. No doubt the leading object, as far as regards the offering of the first-fruits to God, was, that all the after-fruits and after-gatherings might be consecrated in and through them; and it was not less the dictate of a natural impulse that the first-fruits should be offered to God in testimony of thankfulness for His bounties. Hence we find some analogous custom among most nations in which material offerings were used. There are, however, some particulars in the Mosaical regulations which these considerations do not adequately explain.
First-Fruits of Fruit-Trees
It was directed that the first-fruits of every tree whose fruit was used for food, should, for the first three years of bearing, be counted 'uncircumcised,' and regarded as unclean (Lev_19:23-24). It was unlawful to sell them, to eat them, or to make any benefit of them. It was only in the fourth year of bearing that they were accounted 'holy,' and the fruit of that year was made an offering of first-fruits, and was either given to the priests (Num_18:12-13), or, as the Jews themselves understand, was eaten by the owners of it before the Lord, at Jerusalem,' as was the case with second tithe. After the fourth year all fruits of trees were available for use by the owner. As the general principle of the law was, that only that which was perfect should be used in offerings, it is an obvious inference that the fruits of trees were considered imperfect until the fourth year; and if so, the law may have had the ulterior object of excluding from use crude, immature, and therefore unwholesome fruits. Michaelis (iii. 267-8), indeed, finds a benefit to the trees themselves in this regulation.
First-Fruits of the Yearly Increase
Of these there were two kinds?1. The first-fruits in the sheaf (Lev_23:10). 2. The first-fruits in the two wave-loaves (Lev_23:17). These two bounded the harvest, that in the sheaf being offered at the beginning of the harvest, upon the 15th of the month Nisan; the other at the end of the harvest, on the Feast of Pentecost. 3. The first of the dough, being the twenty-fourth part thereof, which was given to the priests (Num_15:20): and this kind of offering was not neglected even after the return from Babylon (Neh_10:37). 4. The first-fruits of the threshing-floor.
The oblation of the first-fruits of the threshing-floor was distinguished by the Jewish writers into two sorts. The first of these was the first-fruits of seven things only, namely, wheat, barley, grapes, figs, pomegranates, olives, and dates. The second sort consisted of corn, wine, oil, and whatever other produce was fit for the support of human life. Under this class of first-fruits was included the first of the fleece, by which the priests were provided with clothes, as by the other offerings with food. The hair of goats, which are shorn in the East, was included under this denomination.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
First-Fruits
1. True Christians are called 'a kind of first-fruits of God's creatures (Jam_1:18), as being specially consecrated to him.'
2. The communications of God's grace on earth, as. an earnest of future glory, are also so called (Rom_8:23), and for the same. reason, the resurrection of Christ, as the pledge of the resurrection of the just' (1Co_4:20).
3. In an ecclesiastical sense, this term is applied to the first year's produce of benefices, which the pope demanded of foreigners to whom he gave benefices of the Church of England. Henry VIII rescued this payment from the pope, but annexed it to the crown. Queen Anne, however, gave them back to the Church for the augmentation of small livings" (Eden). SEE ANNATES. The valor beneficiorum, commonly called the value in the King's Books, was made at the same time as the statute 26 Henry VIII, c. 3, by which these payments were transferred to the crown. A former valuation had been made, 20 Edward I, which still exists in the exchequer. By this statute and one subsequent, 1 Elizabeth IV, every spiritual person admitted to a benefice must pay his first-fruits within three months after induction, in proper proportion: if he does not live half a year, or be ousted before the expiration of the first year, only one quarter is required; if he lives' the year, or be ousted before eighteen months, one half; if a year and a half, three quarters; if two years, the whole. Archbishops and bishops have four years allowed them, and shall pay one quarter every year, if they live so long on the see. Other dignitaries pay as rectors and vicars. By several statutes of Anne, all livings under £50 per annum are discharged of the payment of first-fruits and tenths. The following notice of the valuation in the King's Books, and the former payments to the pope as primitiae, is taken from Godwin's work, De Prcesulibus Angl. The florin was 4s. 6d., the ducat 8s. English:
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
First-fruits.
1. The law ordered, in general, that the first of all ripe fruits and of liquors, or, as it is twice expressed, the first of first-fruits, should be offered in God's house. Exo_22:29; Exo_23:19; Exo_34:27. It was an act of allegiance to God, as the giver of all. No exact quantity was commanded, but it was left to the spiritual and moral sense of each individual.
2. On the morrow , after the Passover Sabbath, that is, on the 16th of Nisan, a sheaf of new corn was to be brought to the priest and waved before the altar, in acknowledgment of the gift of fruitfulness. Lev_2:12; Lev_23:5-6; Lev_23:10; Lev_23:12.
3. At the expiration of seven weeks from this time, that is, at the Feast of Pentecost, an oblation was to be made from the new flour, which were to be waved in like manner with the Passover sheaf. Exo_34:22; Lev_23:15; Lev_23:17; Num_28:26.
4. The Feast of Ingathering, that is, the Feast of Tabernacles, in the seventh month, was itself an acknowledgment of the fruits of the harvest. Exo_23:16; Exo_34:22; Lev_23:39.
These [preceding] four sorts of offerings were national. Besides them, the two following offerings were of an individual kind.
5. A cake of the first dough that was baked was to be offered as a heave-offering. Num_15:19; Num_15:21.
6. The first-fruits of the land were to be brought, in a basket, to the Holy Place of God's choice, and there, presented to the priest, who was to set the basket down before the altar. Deu_26:2-11. The offerings were the perquisite of the priests. Num_18:11; Deu_18:4. Nehemiah, at the return from captivity, took pains to reorganize the offerings of first-fruits of both kinds, and to appoint places to receive them. Neh_10:35; Neh_10:37; Neh_12:44. An offering of first-fruits is mentioned as an acceptable one to the prophet Elisha. 2Ki_4:42.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
among the Hebrews, were presents made to God of part of the fruits of the harvest, to express the submission, dependence, and thankfulness of the offerers. They were offered at the temple, before the crop was touched; and when the harvest was over, before any private persons used their corn. The first of these first-fruits, offered in the name of the nation, was a sheaf of barley, gathered on the fifteenth of Nisan in the evening, and threshed in a court of the temple. After it was well cleaned, about three pints of it were roasted and pounded in a mortar. Over this was thrown a portion of oil, and a handful of incense. Then the priest took this offering, waved it before the Lord toward the four parts of the world, threw a handful of it into the fire upon the altar, and kept the rest. After this, every one was at liberty to get in his harvest. Beside these first- fruits, every private person was obliged to bring his first-fruits to the temple. The Scripture prescribes neither the time nor the quantity. The rabbins say, that they were obliged to bring at least the sixtieth part of their fruits and harvest. These first-fruits consisted of wheat, barley, grapes, figs, apricots, olives, and dates. They met in companies of four-and-twenty persons to carry their first-fruits in a ceremonious manner. The company was preceded by an ox appointed for the sacrifice, with a crown of olives on his head, and his horns gilded. There was also another sort of first-fruits paid to God, Num_15:19-20, when the bread in every family was kneaded, a portion of it was set apart, and given to the priest or Levite of the place. If there was no priest or Levite, it was cast into the oven, and consumed by the fire. This is one of the three precepts peculiar to the women; because they generally made the bread. The first-fruits and tenths were the most substantial revenue of the priests and Levites. St. Paul says, Christians have the first-fruits of the Spirit, Rom_8:23, that is, a greater abundance of God's Spirit, more perfect and more excellent gifts than the Jews. Christ is called the first-fruits of them that slept; for as the first-fruits were earnests to the Jews of the succeeding harvest, so Christ is the first-fruits or the earnest of the general resurrection.
Biblical and Theological Dictionary by Richard Watson
PRINTER 1849.
fûrst?froots (ראשׁית, rē'shı̄th, בּכּוּרים, bikkūrı̄m; ἀπαρχή, aparchḗ̌. Septuagint translates rē'shı̄th by aparchē, but for bikkūrı̄m it uses the word prōtogennē̇mata compare Philo 22 33): In acknowledgment of the fact that the land and all its products were the gift of Yahweh to Israel, and in thankfulness for His bounty, all the first-fruits were offered to Him. These were offered in their natural state (e.g. cereals, tree fruits, grapes), or after preparation (e.g. musk, oil, flour, dough), after which the Israelite was at liberty to use the rest (Exo_23:19; Num_15:20; Num_18:12; Deu_26:2; Neh_10:35, Neh_10:37). No absolute distinction can be made between rē'shı̄th and bikkūrı̄m, but rē'shı̄th seems generally to mean what is prepared by human labor, and bikkūrı̄m the direct product of Nature. The phrase ?the first of the first-fruits? (Exo_23:19; Exo_34:26; Eze_44:30), Hebrew rē'shı̄th bikkūrē, Greek aparchaı́ tō̇n prōtogennēmátōn, is not quite clear. It may mean the first-ripe or the choicest of the first-fruits. The rē'shı̄th offerings were individual, except that a rē'shı̄th of dough was to be offered as a heave offering (Num_15:17-21). The priest waved a rē'shı̄th of corn before the Lord on the morrow after the Sabbath in the week of unleavened bread (Lev_23:9-11). These offerings all fell to the priest (Num_18:12). Bikkūrı̄m refers specially to things sown (Exo_23:16; Lev_2:14). At the Feast of Weeks, seven weeks after the offering of the sheaf, bikkūrı̄m of corn in the ear, parched with fire and bruised, were brought to the House of the Lord as a meal offering (Exo_34:22-26; Lev_2:14-16). The bikkūrı̄m also fell to the priest, except a portion which was burned as a memorial (Lev_2:8-10, Lev_2:16). The beautiful ceremony of the offering of the rē'shı̄th in the House of God is described in Deu_26:1-11, and is enlarged upon in the Talmud (Bikkūrı̄m 3 2). According to the Talmud (Terūmōth 4 3) a sixtieth part of the first-fruits in a prepared form was the minimum that could be offered; the more generous brought a fortieth part, and even a thirtieth. The fruits of newly planted trees were not to be gathered during the first three years; the fruits of the fourth year were consecrated to Yahweh, and from the fifth year the fruits belonged to the owner of the trees (Lev_19:23-25). According to Mishna, ‛Orlāh i.10, even the shells of nuts and pomegranates could not be used during the first three years as coloring matter or for the lighting of fires. It is held by some scholars that the institution of the tithe (see TITHE) is a later development from the first-fruits.
Figurative: In the Old Testament, in Jer_2:3, Israel is called ?the rē'shı̄th of his increase.? In the New Testament aparchē is applied figuratively to the first convert or converts in a particular place (Rom_16:5; 1Co_16:15); to the Christians of that age (Jam_1:18; 2Th_2:13, WHm), and to the 144,000 in heaven (Rev_14:4); to Christ, as the first who rose from the dead (1Co_15:20, 1Co_15:23); also to the blessings which we receive now through the Spirit, the earnest of greater blessings to come (Rom_8:23).
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
There are various regulations in the law of Moses respecting first-fruits which would be of much interest to us, could we in every case discern the precise object in view. No doubt the leading object, as far as regards the offering of the first-fruits to God, was, that all the after-fruits and after-gatherings might be consecrated in and through them; and it was not less the dictate of a natural impulse that the first-fruits should be offered to God in testimony of thankfulness for His bounties. Hence we find some analogous custom among most nations in which material offerings were used. There are, however, some particulars in the Mosaical regulations which these considerations do not adequately explain.
First-Fruits of Fruit-Trees
It was directed that the first-fruits of every tree whose fruit was used for food, should, for the first three years of bearing, be counted 'uncircumcised,' and regarded as unclean (Lev_19:23-24). It was unlawful to sell them, to eat them, or to make any benefit of them. It was only in the fourth year of bearing that they were accounted 'holy,' and the fruit of that year was made an offering of first-fruits, and was either given to the priests (Num_18:12-13), or, as the Jews themselves understand, was eaten by the owners of it before the Lord, at Jerusalem,' as was the case with second tithe. After the fourth year all fruits of trees were available for use by the owner. As the general principle of the law was, that only that which was perfect should be used in offerings, it is an obvious inference that the fruits of trees were considered imperfect until the fourth year; and if so, the law may have had the ulterior object of excluding from use crude, immature, and therefore unwholesome fruits. Michaelis (iii. 267-8), indeed, finds a benefit to the trees themselves in this regulation.
First-Fruits of the Yearly Increase
Of these there were two kinds?1. The first-fruits in the sheaf (Lev_23:10). 2. The first-fruits in the two wave-loaves (Lev_23:17). These two bounded the harvest, that in the sheaf being offered at the beginning of the harvest, upon the 15th of the month Nisan; the other at the end of the harvest, on the Feast of Pentecost. 3. The first of the dough, being the twenty-fourth part thereof, which was given to the priests (Num_15:20): and this kind of offering was not neglected even after the return from Babylon (Neh_10:37). 4. The first-fruits of the threshing-floor.
The oblation of the first-fruits of the threshing-floor was distinguished by the Jewish writers into two sorts. The first of these was the first-fruits of seven things only, namely, wheat, barley, grapes, figs, pomegranates, olives, and dates. The second sort consisted of corn, wine, oil, and whatever other produce was fit for the support of human life. Under this class of first-fruits was included the first of the fleece, by which the priests were provided with clothes, as by the other offerings with food. The hair of goats, which are shorn in the East, was included under this denomination.
The Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
by John Kitto.
First-Fruits
1. True Christians are called 'a kind of first-fruits of God's creatures (Jam_1:18), as being specially consecrated to him.'
2. The communications of God's grace on earth, as. an earnest of future glory, are also so called (Rom_8:23), and for the same. reason, the resurrection of Christ, as the pledge of the resurrection of the just' (1Co_4:20).
3. In an ecclesiastical sense, this term is applied to the first year's produce of benefices, which the pope demanded of foreigners to whom he gave benefices of the Church of England. Henry VIII rescued this payment from the pope, but annexed it to the crown. Queen Anne, however, gave them back to the Church for the augmentation of small livings" (Eden). SEE ANNATES. The valor beneficiorum, commonly called the value in the King's Books, was made at the same time as the statute 26 Henry VIII, c. 3, by which these payments were transferred to the crown. A former valuation had been made, 20 Edward I, which still exists in the exchequer. By this statute and one subsequent, 1 Elizabeth IV, every spiritual person admitted to a benefice must pay his first-fruits within three months after induction, in proper proportion: if he does not live half a year, or be ousted before the expiration of the first year, only one quarter is required; if he lives' the year, or be ousted before eighteen months, one half; if a year and a half, three quarters; if two years, the whole. Archbishops and bishops have four years allowed them, and shall pay one quarter every year, if they live so long on the see. Other dignitaries pay as rectors and vicars. By several statutes of Anne, all livings under £50 per annum are discharged of the payment of first-fruits and tenths. The following notice of the valuation in the King's Books, and the former payments to the pope as primitiae, is taken from Godwin's work, De Prcesulibus Angl. The florin was 4s. 6d., the ducat 8s. English:
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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