Fringes
VIEW:35 DATA:01-04-2020
FRINGES.In Num_15:37 ff. the Hebrews are commanded to make them fringes (Heb. tsîtsîth) in the borders [but RVm [Note: Revised Version margin.] tassels in the corners] of their garments throughout their generations. The same ordinance, somewhat differently expressed, is found in the earlier legislation of Dt.: Thou shalt make thee fringes (lit., as RVm [Note: Revised Version margin.] , twisted threads) upon the four quarters (RV [Note: Revised Version.] borders) of thy vesture wherewith thou coverest thyself (Deu_22:12). The vesture here referred to is the plaid-like upper garment of the Hebrews, as is evident from Exo_22:27, where vesture (RV [Note: Revised Version.] covering) is defined as the simlah, the upper garment (RV [Note: Revised Version.] ) in question, as described under Dress, § 4 (a).
The fringes to be made for this garment, however, are not a continuous fringe round the four sides, like the fringes which are a characteristic feature of Assyrian dress, but, as RVm [Note: Revised Version margin.] , tassels of twisted or plaited threads, and are to be fastened to the four corners of the simlah. It was further required that they put upon the fringe of each border a cord of blue (Num_15:38 RV [Note: Revised Version.] ), the precise meaning of which is uncertain. It is usually taken to mean that each tassel was to be attached by means of this cord of blue, or rather of blue-purple, to a corner of the simlah.
That this ordinance was faithfully observed by the Jews of NT times is seen from the references to the tsîtsîth or tassel of our Lords upper garment, disguised in EV [Note: English Version.] under the hem (AV [Note: Authorized Version.] ) of Mat_9:20; Mat_14:36, and border of Mar_6:56, Luk_8:44. RV [Note: Revised Version.] has border throughout. These tassels are still worn by the Jews, attached to the tallith or prayer-shawl, and to the smaller tallith, in the shape of a chest-protector, now worn as an undergarment, but without the addition of the blue thread. (For the somewhat complicated method by which the tassels are made, the mode of attachment, and the mystical significance assigned to the threads and knots, see Hastings DB [Note: Dictionary of the Bible.] ii. 69a; for illustration see i. 627a.) In the passage in Nu, it is expressly said that the object of this ordinance was to furnish the Hebrews with a visible reminder of the obligation resting upon them, as J″ [Note: Jahweh.] s chosen people, to walk in His law and to keep all His commandments. It does not necessarily follow, however, that the practice of wearing such tassels was unknown before the date of the Deuteronomic legislation. On the contrary, the representations of Asiatics on the walls of tombs and other Egyptian monuments show that tasselled garments are of early date in Western Asia (see plate ii b of Wilkinsons Anc. Egyp. vol. i., where note that the tassels are of blue threads). Hence it is altogether probable that the object of the Hebrew legislation is to make a deeply rooted custom serve a fitting religious purpose (G. B. Gray, Numbers [ICC [Note: CC International Critical Commentary.] ], 183f.).
A. R. S. Kennedy.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
zizith. Num_15:38 translated "that they add to the fringes of the borders (corners) a thread of blue, ... that ye may look upon it and remember all the commandments of the Lord and do them." (Deu_22:12). The ordinary outer garment was a quadrangle of cloth, to the four corners of which a tassel was attached. Each tassel had a thread of deep blue, marking the heavenly origin of the commandments of which it was to remind them.
The Pharisees "enlarged" the fringes to gain note for piety (Mat_23:5). Latterly the Jews have worn the fringed talith of a smaller size, as an under dress, especially at the synagogue morning prayer. The zizith on the sky-blue thread would be constantly before the Israelites' eyes, in order that, reminded thereby continually of God's commandments they might not turn their feet to the seductions of the world (Pro_4:25-26; Pro_3:3; Rev_19:8). The woman with the issue of blood touched Christ's hem, as the sacred part (Mat_9:20).
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
frin?jis (ציצת, cı̄cith, ?tassel, lock? (Num_15:38, Num_15:39), gedhilı̄m, ?twisted threads,? ?festoons? (Deu_22:12)): Tassels worn by the Israelites on the four corners of their garments as reminders of ?all the commandments of Yahweh,? in accordance with the law set out in Num_15:37-41 and Deu_22:12. These tassels originally contained a thread of tekhēleth, ?violet.? Jewish tradition, however, has failed to retain the tekhēleth, because of doubt as to the exact meaning of the term, and instead dark blue lines were dyed on the borders of the ṭallı̄th or garment in which the fringes were placed. According to tradition any garment having four corners required the mnemonic fringes, the importance of which was weighed against ?all the commandments of the Lord.? In New Testament times such garments were still worn (compare Mat_9:20; Mat_14:36; Mat_23:5). The later Jews, after adopting the garments of the Diaspora, in order to observe the cı̄cith commandment began to use two extra four-cornered fringed garments: the large ṭallı̄th while at prayer, and the small ṭallı̄th, or 'arba‛ kanephōth, as an undergarment during the day. Their tradition prescribes the exact manner in which each tassel shall be made, and gives a symbolic meaning to the numbers of windings and knots, somewhat after the manner of the string-writing of several early civilizations (compare the Peruvian quipus). Thus in the cı̄cith a long cord is wrapped around seven shorter cords first seven times, then eight, then eleven, and finally thirteen, each series being separated from the others by two knots. The numbers seven and eight constituting fifteen together suggest יה, YH, and the number eleven, וה, WȞ. Together they make up the holy name YaHWeH. The number thirteen stands for אחד, eḥādh, the letters of which taken as numerals equal thirteen. The sentence Yahweh'eḥādh means ?Yahweh is one.? Many other suggestions, more or less fanciful, have been worked out, all tending to associate the fringes with the Law in the mind of the wearer. See DRESS.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
The fringes to be made for this garment, however, are not a continuous fringe round the four sides, like the fringes which are a characteristic feature of Assyrian dress, but, as RVm [Note: Revised Version margin.] , tassels of twisted or plaited threads, and are to be fastened to the four corners of the simlah. It was further required that they put upon the fringe of each border a cord of blue (Num_15:38 RV [Note: Revised Version.] ), the precise meaning of which is uncertain. It is usually taken to mean that each tassel was to be attached by means of this cord of blue, or rather of blue-purple, to a corner of the simlah.
That this ordinance was faithfully observed by the Jews of NT times is seen from the references to the tsîtsîth or tassel of our Lords upper garment, disguised in EV [Note: English Version.] under the hem (AV [Note: Authorized Version.] ) of Mat_9:20; Mat_14:36, and border of Mar_6:56, Luk_8:44. RV [Note: Revised Version.] has border throughout. These tassels are still worn by the Jews, attached to the tallith or prayer-shawl, and to the smaller tallith, in the shape of a chest-protector, now worn as an undergarment, but without the addition of the blue thread. (For the somewhat complicated method by which the tassels are made, the mode of attachment, and the mystical significance assigned to the threads and knots, see Hastings DB [Note: Dictionary of the Bible.] ii. 69a; for illustration see i. 627a.) In the passage in Nu, it is expressly said that the object of this ordinance was to furnish the Hebrews with a visible reminder of the obligation resting upon them, as J″ [Note: Jahweh.] s chosen people, to walk in His law and to keep all His commandments. It does not necessarily follow, however, that the practice of wearing such tassels was unknown before the date of the Deuteronomic legislation. On the contrary, the representations of Asiatics on the walls of tombs and other Egyptian monuments show that tasselled garments are of early date in Western Asia (see plate ii b of Wilkinsons Anc. Egyp. vol. i., where note that the tassels are of blue threads). Hence it is altogether probable that the object of the Hebrew legislation is to make a deeply rooted custom serve a fitting religious purpose (G. B. Gray, Numbers [ICC [Note: CC International Critical Commentary.] ], 183f.).
A. R. S. Kennedy.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
zizith. Num_15:38 translated "that they add to the fringes of the borders (corners) a thread of blue, ... that ye may look upon it and remember all the commandments of the Lord and do them." (Deu_22:12). The ordinary outer garment was a quadrangle of cloth, to the four corners of which a tassel was attached. Each tassel had a thread of deep blue, marking the heavenly origin of the commandments of which it was to remind them.
The Pharisees "enlarged" the fringes to gain note for piety (Mat_23:5). Latterly the Jews have worn the fringed talith of a smaller size, as an under dress, especially at the synagogue morning prayer. The zizith on the sky-blue thread would be constantly before the Israelites' eyes, in order that, reminded thereby continually of God's commandments they might not turn their feet to the seductions of the world (Pro_4:25-26; Pro_3:3; Rev_19:8). The woman with the issue of blood touched Christ's hem, as the sacred part (Mat_9:20).
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
frin?jis (ציצת, cı̄cith, ?tassel, lock? (Num_15:38, Num_15:39), gedhilı̄m, ?twisted threads,? ?festoons? (Deu_22:12)): Tassels worn by the Israelites on the four corners of their garments as reminders of ?all the commandments of Yahweh,? in accordance with the law set out in Num_15:37-41 and Deu_22:12. These tassels originally contained a thread of tekhēleth, ?violet.? Jewish tradition, however, has failed to retain the tekhēleth, because of doubt as to the exact meaning of the term, and instead dark blue lines were dyed on the borders of the ṭallı̄th or garment in which the fringes were placed. According to tradition any garment having four corners required the mnemonic fringes, the importance of which was weighed against ?all the commandments of the Lord.? In New Testament times such garments were still worn (compare Mat_9:20; Mat_14:36; Mat_23:5). The later Jews, after adopting the garments of the Diaspora, in order to observe the cı̄cith commandment began to use two extra four-cornered fringed garments: the large ṭallı̄th while at prayer, and the small ṭallı̄th, or 'arba‛ kanephōth, as an undergarment during the day. Their tradition prescribes the exact manner in which each tassel shall be made, and gives a symbolic meaning to the numbers of windings and knots, somewhat after the manner of the string-writing of several early civilizations (compare the Peruvian quipus). Thus in the cı̄cith a long cord is wrapped around seven shorter cords first seven times, then eight, then eleven, and finally thirteen, each series being separated from the others by two knots. The numbers seven and eight constituting fifteen together suggest יה, YH, and the number eleven, וה, WȞ. Together they make up the holy name YaHWeH. The number thirteen stands for אחד, eḥādh, the letters of which taken as numerals equal thirteen. The sentence Yahweh'eḥādh means ?Yahweh is one.? Many other suggestions, more or less fanciful, have been worked out, all tending to associate the fringes with the Law in the mind of the wearer. See DRESS.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
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