Goad
VIEW:31 DATA:01-04-2020
GOAD.See Agriculture, § 1.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
A pointed instrument, eight feet long, often headed with iron (1Sa_13:21; Ecc_12:11). To "kick against the pricks" expresses unavailing resistance, as if cattle were to kick against the goads of their driver Who has them wholly in his power, as God has the recalcitrant sinner (Act_9:5).
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Goad. Jdg_3:31; 1Sa_13:21. The Hebrew word, in the latter passage, probably means the point of the plough-share. The former word does probably refer to the goad, the long handle of which might be used as a formidable weapon. The instrument, as still used in countries of southern Europe and western Asia, consists of a rod about eight feet long, brought to a sharp point, and sometimes cased with iron at the head.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
gōd (דּרבן, dōrebhān, מלמד, malmādh; κέντρον, kéntron): The goad used by the Syrian farmer is usually a straight branch of oak or other strong wood from which the bark has been stripped, and which has at one end a pointed spike and at the other a flat chisel-shaped iron. The pointed end is to prod the oxen while plowing. The flattened iron at the other end is to scrape off the earth which clogs the plowshare. The ancient goad was probably similar to this instrument. It could do villainous work in the hands of an experienced fighter (Jdg_3:31). If 1Sa_13:21 is correctly translated, the goads were kept sharpened by files.
Figurative: ?The words of the wise are as goads? (Ecc_12:11). The only reference to goads in the New Testament is the familiar passage, ?It is hard for thee to kick against the goad? (Act_26:14). It was as useless for Saul to keep on in the wrong way as for a fractious ox to attempt to leave the furrow. He would surely be brought back with a prick of the goad.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Goad
(מִלְמָד, malmad', an instrument for guiding; the Greeks used the term βουλήξ, Iliad, 6:135, also βούκεντρον, or simply κέντρον; see Scbottgen, De stimulo bousn, Francof. 1717; Hager, De πρὸς κέντρα λακτίζειν, Lips. 1738). "Shamgar, the son of Anath, slew of the Philistines six hundred men with an ox-goad" (Jdg_3:31). Maundrell gives us the best account of the ox-goad, which is no doubt the same as that used in the days of Shamgar. "At Khan Leban the country people were now everywhere at plow in the fields in order to sow cotton. 'Twas observable that in plowing they used goads of an extraordinary size; upon measuring of several I found them to be about eight feet long, and at the bigger end six inches in circumference. They are armed at the lesser end with a sharp prickle for driving the oxen, and at the other end with a small spade or paddle of iron, strong and massy, to clear thee plough from the clay that encumbers it in working" (Journal of a Journey from Aleppo to Jerusalem, page 110). This was in the north of Syria. Prof. Hackett says, "The ox-goads that I saw in the south I should judge to be quite as large. It is manifest that such an instrument, wielded by a strong arm, would do no mean execution. It is easy, therefore, to credit the account of Shamgar's achievement. We may suppose, however (so fragmentary is the notice), that he was not entirely alone; that some others rallied to his aid with such instruments of labor as they could snatch at the moment" (Illustrations of Scripture, page 155). SEE AGRICULTURE.
In the other passages where the word "goad" occurs it is the representative of a different term in the original; דָּרְבָןdorban´, something pointed (1Sa_13:21), or דָּרְבוֹןdorbon´ (Ecc_12:11), which is, perhaps, properly' the iron point to which the rod or handle, denoted by the previous term, was fixed. This, at least, is the explanation adopted by Jahn (Archaeol. 1:4, § 9) from Rabbinical writers (Gesenius, Thes. page 349). According to others, it may refer to anything pointed, and the tenor of Ecclesiastes 12 allows the sense of a peg or nail anything, in short, which can befastened; while in 1 Samuel 13, the point of the ploughshare is possibly intended (which is likewise understood by the Sept. and Yabg. at Judges ἐν τῷ ἀροτρόποδι, vomere). There are undoubted references to the use of the goad in driving oxen in Sir_38:25, and Act_26:14. The expression "to kick against the goads" (Act_9:5; A.V. "the pricks") was proverbially used by the Greeks for unavailing resistance to superior power (comp. Ascheyl. Agam. 1633; Prom. 323; Eurip. Bacch. 791). The same means of inciting animals to greater speed is probably alluded to in 2Ki_4:24. (See generally Buckingham, Travels ins Palestine, 1:91; Kitto, Daily Bible Illustr. 2:341; Thomson, Land and Book, 1:501.) SEE OX.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Edited by James Hastings, D.D. Published in 1909
A pointed instrument, eight feet long, often headed with iron (1Sa_13:21; Ecc_12:11). To "kick against the pricks" expresses unavailing resistance, as if cattle were to kick against the goads of their driver Who has them wholly in his power, as God has the recalcitrant sinner (Act_9:5).
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
By Andrew Robert Fausset, co-Author of Jamieson, Fausset and Brown's 1888.
Goad. Jdg_3:31; 1Sa_13:21. The Hebrew word, in the latter passage, probably means the point of the plough-share. The former word does probably refer to the goad, the long handle of which might be used as a formidable weapon. The instrument, as still used in countries of southern Europe and western Asia, consists of a rod about eight feet long, brought to a sharp point, and sometimes cased with iron at the head.
Smith's Bible Dictionary
By Dr. William Smith.Published in 1863
gōd (דּרבן, dōrebhān, מלמד, malmādh; κέντρον, kéntron): The goad used by the Syrian farmer is usually a straight branch of oak or other strong wood from which the bark has been stripped, and which has at one end a pointed spike and at the other a flat chisel-shaped iron. The pointed end is to prod the oxen while plowing. The flattened iron at the other end is to scrape off the earth which clogs the plowshare. The ancient goad was probably similar to this instrument. It could do villainous work in the hands of an experienced fighter (Jdg_3:31). If 1Sa_13:21 is correctly translated, the goads were kept sharpened by files.
Figurative: ?The words of the wise are as goads? (Ecc_12:11). The only reference to goads in the New Testament is the familiar passage, ?It is hard for thee to kick against the goad? (Act_26:14). It was as useless for Saul to keep on in the wrong way as for a fractious ox to attempt to leave the furrow. He would surely be brought back with a prick of the goad.
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
PRINTER 1915.
Goad
(מִלְמָד, malmad', an instrument for guiding; the Greeks used the term βουλήξ, Iliad, 6:135, also βούκεντρον, or simply κέντρον; see Scbottgen, De stimulo bousn, Francof. 1717; Hager, De πρὸς κέντρα λακτίζειν, Lips. 1738). "Shamgar, the son of Anath, slew of the Philistines six hundred men with an ox-goad" (Jdg_3:31). Maundrell gives us the best account of the ox-goad, which is no doubt the same as that used in the days of Shamgar. "At Khan Leban the country people were now everywhere at plow in the fields in order to sow cotton. 'Twas observable that in plowing they used goads of an extraordinary size; upon measuring of several I found them to be about eight feet long, and at the bigger end six inches in circumference. They are armed at the lesser end with a sharp prickle for driving the oxen, and at the other end with a small spade or paddle of iron, strong and massy, to clear thee plough from the clay that encumbers it in working" (Journal of a Journey from Aleppo to Jerusalem, page 110). This was in the north of Syria. Prof. Hackett says, "The ox-goads that I saw in the south I should judge to be quite as large. It is manifest that such an instrument, wielded by a strong arm, would do no mean execution. It is easy, therefore, to credit the account of Shamgar's achievement. We may suppose, however (so fragmentary is the notice), that he was not entirely alone; that some others rallied to his aid with such instruments of labor as they could snatch at the moment" (Illustrations of Scripture, page 155). SEE AGRICULTURE.
In the other passages where the word "goad" occurs it is the representative of a different term in the original; דָּרְבָןdorban´, something pointed (1Sa_13:21), or דָּרְבוֹןdorbon´ (Ecc_12:11), which is, perhaps, properly' the iron point to which the rod or handle, denoted by the previous term, was fixed. This, at least, is the explanation adopted by Jahn (Archaeol. 1:4, § 9) from Rabbinical writers (Gesenius, Thes. page 349). According to others, it may refer to anything pointed, and the tenor of Ecclesiastes 12 allows the sense of a peg or nail anything, in short, which can befastened; while in 1 Samuel 13, the point of the ploughshare is possibly intended (which is likewise understood by the Sept. and Yabg. at Judges ἐν τῷ ἀροτρόποδι, vomere). There are undoubted references to the use of the goad in driving oxen in Sir_38:25, and Act_26:14. The expression "to kick against the goads" (Act_9:5; A.V. "the pricks") was proverbially used by the Greeks for unavailing resistance to superior power (comp. Ascheyl. Agam. 1633; Prom. 323; Eurip. Bacch. 791). The same means of inciting animals to greater speed is probably alluded to in 2Ki_4:24. (See generally Buckingham, Travels ins Palestine, 1:91; Kitto, Daily Bible Illustr. 2:341; Thomson, Land and Book, 1:501.) SEE OX.
CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL
press 1895.
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